3-1

Team Beginnings

Chapter 3

3-2

Stages of Teamwork Group Development Perspective

3-3

Stages of Teamwork Project Development Perspective

Based on characteristics of projects

McGrath (1990) Inception Problem solving Conflict resolution Execution

New product teams (Ancona & Caldwell,1990) Creation Development Diffusion

3-4

Stages of Teamwork Cyclical Perspective

Marks, Mathieu, and Zacarro (2001) Temporal cycles Action, interpersonal, and transition cycles

Gersick (1988) Punctuated Equilibrium

3-5

Stages of Teamwork

Implications of Team Development Stages

Stage theories do not always apply

Emotional highs/lows are normal

Developing the group is important

Times of lower task performance are normal

3-6

Group Socialization

Process by which a person becomes a member of the group

Evaluation and commitment from both sides

Stages: InvestigationSocializationMaintenance

3-6

Group Socialization

Teams constantly changing Flash teams

Positive and negative effects of turnover in teams

Focus on team roles rather than team members

3-7

Team Goals Value and Characteristics of Goals

Value: Direction Motivation

Good goals are: Clear Specific Measurable Moderately difficult Involve team participation

3-8

Team Goals

3-9

Team Goals Hidden Agendas

Types: Motivational Directional

Result is damaged trust

Better dealt with indirectly Focus on group goals Correct communication problems

3-10

Group Norms Ground rules that define appropriate and

inappropriate behavior in a group ImplicitExplicit

FunctionsExpress central valuesHelp coordinate activitiesDefine appropriate behavior Create distinctive identity

3-11

Group Norms How Norms are Formed

Usually unconscious and gradual over timeBased on:

Past groups, outside standards, early group behavior

Impact of Group NormsFairer communicationMaintain respectDistribute powerEnforce conformity

Hawthorne studies

3-12

Application: Jump-Starting Project Teams

Team Warm-UpsDevelop social relations

Project Definitions and PlanningHelp form mental model and effective behavior

Team ContractPlans for how the team will manage its teamwork

activities

3-13

3-14

3-15

3-16

Activity Continued