Geopolitics as an Element of Strategic Environment ( - SESS - )

Geopolitics is about politics!05/04/11*PROVE IT !

Competing visions of the new geopolitics.Classical geopoliticsHistorical geopolitics of the early twentieth centuryThe old and the new geopolitics, the multidimensional new geopolitics of the late twentieth century.the imperialist origins of geopolitical thoughtCold War geopolitics --

Post Cold War geopolitics new world order geopolitics 05/04/11*

DiscourseImperialist geopoliticsCold War GeopoliticsNew World Order GeopoliticsEnvironmetal GeopoliticsKey intelectualsDominant lexiconSea power A.T . Mahan Mckinder Land power Ratzel LebensraumGeorge Kennan Containment Gorbachev Bush leaders of G7, IMF ect

New thinkingUS led World OrderTransnational Lib 05/04/11*

Geopolitics, geopower, geostrategy, geoeconomicThe region of knowledge GeopoliticsWho are the the thinkers ?Intellectuals like :Alfred Mahan and Nicholas Spykman in the United States, Friedrich Ratzel and Karl Haushofer in Germany, Rudolf Kjellen in Sweden, and Halford Mackinder in Great Britain

geopolitical tradition.05/04/11*Knowledge of what ?

Coined in 1899 dynamics of the world political map.Coined originally in 1899 by a Swedish political scientist named Rudolf Kjellen, the word geopolitics has had a long and varied history in the twentieth century, moving well beyond its original meaning in Kjellens work to signify a general concern with geography and politics (geo-politics). Kjellen and other imperialist thinkers understood geopolitics as that part of Western imperial knowledge that dealt with the relationship between the physical earth and politics.Cold War, geopolitics was used to describe the global contest between the Soviet Union and the United States for influence and control over the states and strategic resources of the worldsuperpower game of balance-of-power politicsplayed out across the global political map05/04/11*

New visions of GeopoliticsPerspective 2: The new geopolitics describes a world dominated nolonger by territorial struggles between competing blocs but by emerging transnational problems like terrorism, nuclear proliferation and clashing civilizations. Perspective 1: the end of the Cold War has allowed the emergence of a new geopolitical order dominated by geo-economic questions and issues, . 05/04/11*

Geography History Social ScienceGeopolitics is the art and practice of using political power over a given territory. Traditionally, the term has applied primarily to the impact of geography on politics, but its usage has evolved over the past century to encompass a wider connotation.

In academic circles, the study of geopolitics involves the analysis of geogrpahy, history and social science with reference to spatial politics and patterns at various scales (ranging from the level of the state to international).

The term was coined by Rudolf Kjellen a Swedish political scientist, at the beginning of the 20th century.

Kjelln was inspired by the German geographer F. Ratzel , who published his book Politische Geographie (Politial geography ) in 1897. 05/04/11*

Geopolitics is studying geopolitical systems. The ecopolitical system is, the ensemble of relations etween the interests of international political actors, interests focused to an area, space, geographical elementGeopolitics as a branch of political geography is the study of reciprocal relations between:geography, politics and power and also the interactions arising from combination of them with each other.

According to this definition, geopolitics is a scientific discipline and has a basic science nature.05/04/11*political geography

RatzelThe geopolitical theory of Frederich Ratzel (1844-1904) . His interpretation of human history and geography too simple and mechanistic.

In his analysis of the importance of mobility, and the move from sea to rail transport, he failed to predict the revolutionary impact of air power.

Critically also he underestimated the importance of social organization in the development of power. Mackinder's fall into the category of geo-strategy, which is a sub-component within the broader study of contemporary geopolitics and geopolitical change 05/04/11*Ratzel

The concept of geopolitics initially gained attention through the work of Sir Harold Mackinder in England and his formulation of the Heartland theory in 1904. Mackinder's doctrine of geopolitics involved concepts diametrically opposed to the notion of Alfred Mayhan about the significance of navies (he coined the term sea power) in world conflictAfter WW 1, the thoughts of Kjellen (1864-1922), a Swedish political scientist, and the term "geopolitics", which he coined, were picked up and extended by a number of scientists:in Germany by Karl Haushfer Erich Obst, Hermann Lautensach and Otto Maull ; in England, Mackinder and Jame Faigrieve In France Vidal Dela Blache and Camille Vallaux. 05/04/11*

The Heartland theory hypothesized the possibility for a huge empire being brought into existence in the Heartland, which wouldn't need to use coastal or transoceanic transport to remain coherent.

The basic notions of Mackinder's doctrine involve considering the geography of the Earth as being divided into two sections:the World Island or Core, comprising Eurasia and Africa and the Periphery, including the American, the Biritsh Isles and Oceania 05/04/11*

05/04/11*

It could locate its own industries in a region further inland than the Periphery could, so they would have a longer struggle reaching them, and would face a well-stocked industrial bastion.

Periphery noticeably smaller than the World Islandthe World Island, which contained sufficient natural resources for a developed economythe industrial centers of the Periphery were necessarily located in widely separated locations. Your conclusion ?

Mackinder called this region the Heartland. It essentially comprised Ukraine, Western Russia and Central Europe .

The Heartland contained the grain reserves of Ukraine , and many other natural resources. Mackinder's notion of geopolitics can be summed up in his saying "Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland. Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island. Who rules the World-Island commands the World." His doctrine was influential during the WW 1 and the Cold War , for Germany and later Russia each made territorial strides toward the Heartland05/04/11* Who rules East Europe, commands the Heartland Who rules the Heartland, commands the World-Island. Who rules the World-Island, commands the WorldInti tesis Mackinder

05/04/11*The word geopolitics has been applied to other theories, most notably the notion of the Clash of Civilization by Samuel Hutington .

In a peaceable world, neither sea lanes nor surface transport are threatened; hence all countries are effectively close enough to one another physically.

It is in the realm of the political ideas, workings, and cultures that there are differences, and the term has shifted more towards this arena, especially in its popular usage.Clash of Civilization new vision of geopolitics

YOUR TASK 05/04/11*

Search other contemporary visions of geopolitics

2. Analyse the implication of your contemporary vision of geopolitics on the future development of world security

Referensi 05/04/11*1. Gearid Tuathail, Simon Dalby andPaul Routledge, The geopolitics Reader, 19992. Gearoid O Tuathal , Critical Geopolitics . The Politics of Writing Global Space, 19973. Colin Flint, Introduction to Geopolitics, 2006