小テスト対策(配布:平成29年4月21日) word -...

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2017 小テスト対策(配布:平成 29 年 4 月 21 日) 次回(5 月 12 日)講義で小テストを実施予定です。(15:50~16:05 の予定) 内容は専門用語の英単語、英文読解です。 出題予定の単語、練習問題を示します。 英単語 体心立方格子構造(body-centered cubic structure面心立方格子構造(face-centered cubic六方晶最密充填構造( hexagonal close-packed structure単結晶(single crystal多結晶体(polycrystal結晶粒界(grain boundary空孔(vacancy転位(dislocation刃状転位(edge dislocationらせん転位(screw dislocation金属間化合物 Intermetallic Compound 固溶体 solid solution 相律(phase rule自由度(degree of freedom液相線(liquidus line固相線(solidus line等温線(isotherm共晶反応(eutectic reaction共析反応(eutectoid reaction偏晶反応(monotectic reaction再融反応(remelting reaction包晶反応(peritectic reaction包析反応(peritectoid reaction合成反応(syntectic reaction 拡散(diffusionフィックの法則(Fick’s lawアレニウスの式(Arrhenius equation空孔機構(vacancy mechanism体拡散(volume diffusion格子拡散(lattice diffusion表面拡散(surface diffusion粒界拡散(grain boundary diffusion転位拡散(dislocation diffusion拡散経路(diffusion path自己拡散(self diffusion相互拡散(inter-diffusion不純物拡散(impurity diffusionエレクトロマイグレーション(electromigration同素変態 allotropic transformation析出 precipitation共析変態(eutectoid transformation規則変態 ordering transformation過飽和固溶体(super-saturated solid solutionスピノーダル分解 spinodal decomposition核生成成長 nucleation – growthアップヒル拡散 up-hill diffusion変調構造 modulated structure駆動力(driving force潜伏期(incubation period英文読解(例題) Body-centered cubic (BCC) structure is a type of crystal structure. Some metals at room temperature, such as Li, Na, K, Fe (alpha iron) and Cr, have a bcc structure. This structure can be seen as a gathering of cubes with atoms at the edges and an atom in the center of every cube. The corner or edge atoms are shared among eight unit cells. FCCHCPなどの英語説明も考えてみましょう) ! In materials science, a dislocation is a crystallographic defect within a crystal structure. Dislocations are generated and move when a stress is applied on a material. The presence of dislocations strongly influences many of the properties of materials. There are two primary types of dislocations named edge dislocations and screw dislocations. Dislocations found in real materials are typically mixed, meaning that they have characteristics of both. Diffusion is the migration of atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. In a homogeneous material, atoms are routinely moving around but the movement is random (i.e. there is always an equal number of atoms moving in all directions). In an inhomogeneous material, all the atoms are moving near randomly, but there is a migration of atoms to areas where their concentrations are lower. " Atom diffusion in a solid-state material can occur by the motion of substitutional atoms to vacancies, or interstitial atoms to different interstitial positions. A high temperature leads drastically increasing a number of vacancies and makes vibrations of atoms (lattice vibration) strongly. Therefore, the migration of atoms is easily achieved at high temperatures. That means diffusion is enhanced by increasing temperature of materials.

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Page 1: 小テスト対策(配布:平成29年4月21日) Word - ②小テスト予習(平成29年4月28日).docx Created Date 20170428095319Z

2017 小テスト対策(配布:平成 29年 4月 21日)

◎ 次回(5月 12 日)講義で小テストを実施予定です。(15:50~16:05 の予定) ◎ 内容は専門用語の英単語、英文読解です。 ◎ 出題予定の単語、練習問題を示します。

英単語 体心立方格子構造(body-centered cubic structure) 面心立方格子構造(face-centered cubic) 六方晶最密充填構造( hexagonal close-packed structure) 単結晶(single crystal) 多結晶体(polycrystal) 結晶粒界(grain boundary) 空孔(vacancy) 転位(dislocation) 刃状転位(edge dislocation) らせん転位(screw dislocation) 金属間化合物 Intermetallic Compound 固溶体 solid solution 相律(phase rule) 自由度(degree of freedom) 液相線(liquidus line) 固相線(solidus line) 等温線(isotherm) 共晶反応(eutectic reaction) 共析反応(eutectoid reaction) 偏晶反応(monotectic reaction) 再融反応(remelting reaction) 包晶反応(peritectic reaction) 包析反応(peritectoid reaction) 合成反応(syntectic reaction

拡散(diffusion) フィックの法則(Fick’s law) アレニウスの式(Arrhenius equation) 空孔機構(vacancy mechanism) 体拡散(volume diffusion) 格子拡散(lattice diffusion) 表面拡散(surface diffusion) 粒界拡散(grain boundary diffusion) 転位拡散(dislocation diffusion) 拡散経路(diffusion path) 自己拡散(self diffusion) 相互拡散(inter-diffusion) 不純物拡散(impurity diffusion) エレクトロマイグレーション(electromigration) 同素変態 (allotropic transformation) 析出 (precipitation) 共析変態(eutectoid transformation) 規則変態 (ordering transformation) 過飽和固溶体(super-saturated solid solution) スピノーダル分解 (spinodal decomposition) 核生成—成長 (nucleation – growth) アップヒル拡散 (up-hill diffusion) 変調構造 (modulated structure) 駆動力(driving force) 潜伏期(incubation period)

英文読解(例題) Body-centered cubic (BCC) structure is a type of crystal structure. Some metals at room

temperature, such as Li, Na, K, Fe (alpha iron) and Cr, have a bcc structure. This structure can be seen as a gathering of cubes with atoms at the edges and an atom in the center of every cube. The corner or edge atoms are shared among eight unit cells. (FCC,HCPなどの英語説明も考えてみましょう) In materials science, a dislocation is a crystallographic defect within a crystal structure.

Dislocations are generated and move when a stress is applied on a material. The presence of dislocations strongly influences many of the properties of materials. There are two primary types of dislocations named edge dislocations and screw dislocations. Dislocations found in real materials are typically mixed, meaning that they have characteristics of both.

Diffusion is the migration of atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration. In a homogeneous material, atoms are routinely moving around but the movement is random (i.e. there is always an equal number of atoms moving in all directions). In an inhomogeneous material, all the atoms are moving near randomly, but there is a migration of atoms to areas where their concentrations are lower. Atom diffusion in a solid-state material can occur by the motion of substitutional atoms to vacancies,

or interstitial atoms to different interstitial positions. A high temperature leads drastically increasing a number of vacancies and makes vibrations of atoms (lattice vibration) strongly. Therefore, the migration of atoms is easily achieved at high temperatures. That means diffusion is enhanced by increasing temperature of materials.