25299314 women entrepreneurship
TRANSCRIPT
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BY-
ITEE BERI
PRERANA JHUNJHUNWALA
MBA IIIrd SEM
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CONCEPT OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSBASED ON PARTICIPATION:
A women entrepreneur is defined as an enterprise owned
and controlled by a women having a minimum financialinterest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of
the employment generated in the enterprise to women.
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CONCEPT OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSGENERAL CONCEPT:
A woman or a group of women who initiate, organize and
run a business.
BASED ON INNOVATION:
Women who innovate, imitate or adopt a business activity
are called women entrepreneurs.
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FUNCTIONS OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSy Functions for establishment of an enterprise:
Idea generation and screening
Determination of objectivesProject preparation
Product analysis
Form of business
Raising funds
Procuring men, machine and materials.
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FUNCTIONS OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSy According to Frederick Harbison:
1. Exploration of prospects of starting a new business
enterprise.2. Undertaking of risks and the handling of economic
uncertainties involved in business.
3. Introduction of innovation or imitation of innovations.
4. Coordination, administration and control.5. Supervision and leadership.
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FUNCTIONS OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURS
RISK BEARING
ORGANISATION
INNOVATION
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KEY CHANGES IN WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURS IN LAST FIVEDECADES
y WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE FIFTIES:
Compulsive factors led to the creation of women
entrepreneurs.
y WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE SIXTIES:
Women began to aspire but also accepted the social
cultural traditions.y WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE SEVENTIES:
The women in this decade opened up new frontier.They had not only aspiration but ambition.
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KEY CHANGES IN WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURS IN LAST FIVE
DECADESy WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE EIGHTIES:
Women were educated in highly sophisticated
technological and professional education. They became anequally contributing partners.
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE NINETIES:
This was the first time when the concept of best rather than
male heir was talked about.WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS OF THE 21st Century:
Jill of all trades
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PROBLEMS OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSProblem of finance
Do not own property to use as collateral for obtaining funds. Banks consider women less credit worthy.
Scarcity of raw material low-level negotiation and bargaining skills
Lack of knowledge of availability of the raw materials
Stiff competition
Limited mobility
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PROBLEMS OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSFamily ties
Lack of education
Male dominated society
Low risk bearing ability
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DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSThe decade 1975-85 was declared as the DECADE FORWOMENby United nations.
During Feb, 1978 , the UNIDO Preparatory meeting on the roleof women in industrialization in developing countries held at
Vienna identified several constraints faced by womenentrepreneurs.
In November, 1981 the first National Conference ofWomenEntrepreneurs held at New Delhi advocated the need fordeveloping women entrepreneurs for the overall development ofthe country.
The sixth and seventh five year plan emphasized on thedevelopment of women entrepreneurs and the integration ofwomen with the overall development of country.
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SCHEME FOR WOMEN
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The main objective of the scheme isTo provide assistance to women entrepreneurs through NGOs.To build up capacity of Entrepreneurship Development Institutions like National Institute for Small
Industry Extension & Training (NISIET), Small Industries Service Institutes (SISI), State level EDIs,etc., by providing financial support in the form of Government of India grant.To create entrepreneurship development training facility through NGOs by providing financial supportfor conducting training programmes.
Mahila Udyam Nidhian exclusive scheme for providing equity to women entrepreneurs implemented by the Small
Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI).
Mahila Vikas Nidhioffers developmental assistance for pursuit of income generating activities to women.
Prime Ministers Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)During 2006-07, the participation of women in terms of employment generation under Prime MinistersRozgar Yojana (PMRY), was 16.5 per cent. The government made several relaxations to women tofacilitate the participation of women beneficiaries.
Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development
(TREAD)
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Few facts revealed.In India the self-employed women account for only 5.2% of the self-
employment persons in the countries. Majority of them are engaged in the
recognized sector like agriculture, handicrafts, handlooms and cottage based
industries.
Women entrepreneurs constitute a tenth of the Indian entrepreneur
universe.
Currently there are 1.3 million SSIs and 9.1 million registered SMEs in India.
As per the latest available estimates, the number of women owned and
women managed enterprises is 12.99 lakh and 12.15 lakh respectively.
There are more women entrepreneurs in smaller towns compared to
metros.
Women find it easier to start up but equally difficult to grow and access
venture capital.
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FEW RENOWNED NAMES.
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EKTA KAPOORBirth: June 7, 1975
She was not interested in academics and on
the advice and financial support of her
father ventured into TV-serial production bythe name of Balaji Creations at the age of
19. And soon she changed the face of
Indian television industry and completely
dominated it.
Achievement:Creative Director of Balaji Telefilms
Awarded with Ernst & Young (E&Y) Startup
Entrepreneur Of The Year award in 2001.
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RITU KUMARBirth: November 11, 1944Place of Birth: Amritsar, Punjab
Label: Ritu, LABEL
She was the first women to bring the boutique culture to India, under the
name "Ritu".
The ace designer had a humble beginning in a small village, near Kolkata, in
1960, with hand block printers and two tablets to flaunt about.
Achievement:The Most Outstanding Evening Gown in International pageants.
Lifetime Achievement Award by the National Institute of Fashion Technology
in 1998.
The Outstanding Women Entrepreneur Award by the PHD - Chamber of
Commerce in 1998.
The Lifetime Achievement Award by the Kingfisher group of industries in
2000.
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SHAHNAZ HUSSAINCEO of Shahnaz Herbals Inc.
A prominent Indian female entrepreneur best
known for her herbal cosmetics, particularly
skin care products.
In the year 1977 she established her first
beauty salon in her abode.
Currently, the Shahnaz Husain Group has over
400 franchise clinics across the world coveringover 138 countries.
Award:
Success Magazine's "World's Greatest Woman
Entrepreneur" award in 1996.
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DR. KIRAN MAZUM
DAR SHAW
Birth: 23 March 1953 in Bangalore.
Chairman & Managing Director of Biocon Ltd.
She founded Biocon India with a capital of Rs. 10,000 in 1978.In 2004, she became Indias richest woman.
Awards:
Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in Healthcare &
Life Sciences Category (2002).
The Economic Times Business Woman of the Year Award(2004).
Lifetime Achievement Award from Indian Chamber of
Commerce (2005).
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A small survey of women
entrepreneurs in Varanasi
y Objective: The main aim is to find out the status of womenentrepreneurs and to analyze problems unique to women
entrepreneurs in setting up and running their enterprises in Varanasi.
y Methodology:A survey is conducted with the help of a set ofquestionnaire.
y Sample unit: Women entrepreneurs running boutiques and beautyclinics in Varanasi.
y Sample size: 16
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RESULTS: 44% of the respondents started business at
the age of 20-30years, 31% at the age of 30-40years
and 19% at the age of 40-50years. Only 6% of the
respondents started at the age of 50+.
INTERPRETATION: It has been seen that most of the
women entrepreneurs start business between the age
of 20 to 40 years.
1. At what age did you start your own business?
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2. What role from do you play for your firm?
RESULTS: 93.75% of the respondents play
the role of creator+ supervisor, 18.75% of
the respondents also act as an innovator.
INTERPRETATION: It has been seen that
almost all the women entrepreneurs play
the role of creator as well as supervisor.
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3. What is your educational background?
RESULTS: The educational background of
81% of the respondents is higher education.
19% of the respondents only have a basic
education.
INTERPRETATION: It has been seen that
most of the women entrepreneurs seek
higher education.
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4. Have you pursued any specialized course that
supports your business?
RESULTS: 69% of the women entrepreneurs have
not pursued any specialized course.
INTERPRETATION: It has been seen that most of
the women entrepreneurs do not feel the need
of pursuing any specialized course for running a
business.
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5. Have you created your present enterprise
yourself, or is it a family business you haveinherited, or a business you have bought?
RESULTS: 87% of the women entrepreneurs have
created their own enterprise while 13% have
inherited from their families.
INTERPRETATION: It has been seen that most of
the women entrepreneurs create business on their
own.
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6. Rate the economic factors from 5 to 1 in the
order of suitability in starting your venture.
RESULTS: Average rating given by the respondents is
highest for demand for the product i.e. 4.43. The
respondents have rated availability of funds and
profitability in the business to be 3.75 and 3.43
respectively.
INTERPRETATION: It has been seen that the demand
for the product is the most important economic factor
in starting a venture.
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7. Rate the non economic factors that were
supportive in your venture.i. Social factors
RESULTS: Average rating given by the respondents for
the factors self reliance and family support is 2.185.
INTERPRETATION: Self reliance and family support areequally important factors in starting up a venture.
ii. Psychological factors
RESULTS: Average rating given by the respondents for
the factors: self achievement and status & respect are
1.8 and 1.18 respectively.
INTERPRETATION: Self achievement and status &
respect are almost equally important factors in starting
up a venture.
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8. What is the major source of finance for your
firm?
RESULTS: 68.75% of the respondents started their
ventures with their own funds while 12.5% of the
respondents had borrowed funds as their source of
finance. 18.75% of the respondents financed their
business with both sources.
INTERPRETATION: Most of the women
entrepreneurs are able to start their business
through self financing.
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9. When you started your business, what were the main
obstacles you faced? (Rate 7 to most suitable and 1 to
least suitable option.)
RESULTS: The average rating given by the
respondents is highest for stiff competition i.e.
5.375. The problem of finance and combining
family and work life is rate 4.875.
INTERPRETATION: The most critical problem faced
by the women entrepreneur while starting up the
business is stiff competition. The other problems
faced by most of them were problem of finance,combining family & work life and non-availability
of raw materials.
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10.What are the main obstacles you are facing
now in the running of your business? (Rate 7 tomost suitable and 1 to least suitable option.)
RESULTS: The highest rating of 6.025 is for the
stiff competition. Problem of finance and
combining family and work life is rated at an
average of 4.68 and 4.75 respectively.
INTERPRETATION: Stiff competition is still the
most critical problem faced by the women
entrepreneurs. Among other problems, combining
family and work life and the problem of finance is
also critical.
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FINDINGSy It has been observed that women entrepreneurs are early starters. Most of them
started their venture at the age between 20-40.
y
Low education level or no specialized course is not the problem faced by womenentrepreneurs since most of them have not pursued any specialized courses.
y The women entrepreneurs have played the role of creator since most of them are
first generation entrepreneurs.
y One of the most important factors supportive for women entrepreneurs is the
availability of ready market and availability of funds. This signifies that they are
mostly risk averse.
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y Family support as well as the zeal to become an entrepreneur is equally important
factors.
y
Availability of funds was not a problem in starting the business as well as in runningit since they have enough owned capital.
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REFERENCESy Parikh Indira & Kollan Bharti(Aug.2005) A Reflection
of the Indian Women in Entrepreneurial World.W
orking Paper No. 2005-08-07, IIM, Ahemdabad.
y S.S. Khanka Entrepreneurial Development.
y Internet
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THANK YOU!!!