25 december 2005 ©markpatent.org 1 nano-tech: new frontier of science by dr. rajeshkumar h. acharya
TRANSCRIPT
25 December 2005 ©MarkPatent.Org
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NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Derives from nanometer, which is one-thousandth of a micrometer (micron), or 10–9 of a meter
• The study, manipulation and manufacture of ultra-small structures and machines made of as few as one molecule
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SOME NANOTECHNOLOGY MILESTONES Years Events
1959 Feyman delivers “Plenty of romms at the bottom”talk
1974 First molecular electronic device patent filed
1981 Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) invented
1985 Buckyballs discovered
1986 Atomic force microscope (AFM) invented
1987 “Engines of Creation” published
1988 Quantization of electrical conductance observed
1991 First single-electron transistor created
1993 First “designer protein” created
1997 Carbon nanotubes discovered
1999 First nanotechnology lab in the US
2000 DNA-based nanomechanical device created
2001 Molecular-scale computer switch created
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DEFINITIONS• NANOPARTICLE : A collection of tens of
thousands of atoms measuring about 1-100 nanometer in diameter
• NANOCRYTAL: Used to describe these nanoparticles
• COLLOIDAL OR COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL: Synthesized nanopartical - dispersed or suspended in a stabilizing medium
• NANOLAYERS: Arranged or assembled nanoparticles in to ordered layers
• NANOTUBES: Fullerene-like “chicken-wire” construction of carbon atoms
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IMPORTANT AREAS OF APPICATION
• Surface functionalisation and refinement:
Nanoparticles to conventional coatings yields new and improved nano-based colour effects
Examples are:
Antireflective surfaces
Sunshade glazing
Antireflective coating for instrument panels
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• Catalysis, chemistry and materials synthesis: Surface active membranes, anoporous (bio) filters and adsorption agents can be optimized form the nanotechnology point of view
Biomimetic enzyme-like catalysts which have advantages over enzymes, including use in extreme reaction conditions.
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• Energy conversion and use:
Enhance the efficiency of energy conversion - e.g. use of naotechnological materials in solar cells and fuel cells
Super-condensers with batteries for traction purposes - e.g. storing braking energy in electric cars
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• Construction:
Improves the mechanical properties, lightweight construction, hardness, wear resistance, high-temperature applications, also in mass applications like plastic casings or cladding
Thermal insulation for buildings
Façade design
Interior
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• Nanosensors and actuators:
Magnetic field sensors
Infrared sensors
Chemosensors
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• Data processing and transmission:
Nanoelectronics in the field of data processing and transmission are electronic, optical and optoelectronic components
DNA computing
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• Life sciences
Chemical analysis and diagnostics, nanotechnological production of active ingredients, precise delivery of active ingredients, and production of biocompatible materials and surfaces Viruses and cell types identification
Ultra-small sensors- external stresses and the physiological state of the organism
Nanomachines
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• Security and defence:
Unmanned and autonomous systems, improved weapons, and innovative materials in air, sea and space could be further reinforced by nanotechnology
Nanoscale powders for use in propellants and explosives, enhancing the energy yield and speed of explosion
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• Automotive industry: Nanoparticles as a filler in car tyres Antireflective coatings Nanoparticle-reinforced polymers and metals Nanotechnologically modified adhesive
technologies and adhesive primers Catalytic nanoparticles as a fuel additive Nanoporous filters to minimise the emission of
particles on the nanometer scale Hydrophile surface coatings as anti-fogging coatings “Self-healing" coatings, e.g. through self-
organisation
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• Textile industry:
Crease resistance, breathing properties, wear resistance, spot and water repellence, antistatic properties, active ingredient storage or fire protection
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EXAMPLES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS:
Giant Magnetoresitance Kodak; filters; cosmetics; infrared low observable special windows; Hard coatings Dispersions with optoelectronic properties, high reactivity Chemical and Bio-detectors Advance Drug delivery systems Chemical-Mechanical Polishing with Nanoparticel Slurries New Generation of Lasers Nanostructured Catalysts Broad revolutionary technology A dental-bounding agent Protective and glare-reducing coating for eyeglasses Light-weight, stronger tennis racquets Stain-free clothing and mattresses
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PATENT AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
IN 2003
• 5,228 nanotech-related patents in US
• 926 nanotech-related patents in JAPAN• 684 nanotech-related patents in GERMANY
• 244 nanotech-related patents in CANADA
• 183 nanotech-related patents in FRANCE
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CLASSIFICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
International Patent Classification and European Classification ECLA are likely to be common to most nanotechnology invention- B81 “Micro-structural technology” and B82 “Nano-technology”.
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PATENT LANDSCAPE Search Term No. of Patents
Nanotechnology 99
Nanostructured 434
Nanofabrication 72
Nanodevice 10
Nanoprobe 14
Nanomechanical 23
Nanotube 164
Carbon nanotube 129
Molecular switch
56
Nanocluster 44
Nanomagnetic 2
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RISKS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• Goo – Grey Goo – Green Goo
• Toxicity
• Weapons