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新编英汉互译教程讲稿新编英汉互译教程讲稿

英语专业四年级学生用2006年 9月

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Part OneBasic Theories of

Translation

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Task for today’s lessonTask for today’s lesson

Chapter 1 A Brief Discussion of

Translation

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1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio

n of Translationn of Translation To some extent we can say that

translation has existed since people began to use different languages to communicate with one another.

“Translation is almost as old as original authorship and has a history as honorable and as complex as that of any other branch of literature” -- Theodore Savory

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1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio

n of Translationn of Translation The origin of translation:In Europe the liberated Greek slave Livius An

dronicus rendered Odyssey into Latin verse in about 240 B.C.

In China the record of translation dates back to Zhou Dynasty (1066 B.C. -- 256 B.C.) when translators were called Ji in the east, Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, and Yi in the north ( 东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译 ).

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1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio

n of Translationn of Translation The development of translation (in China): Sutra translation in China 佛经翻译 Scientific translation in late Ming Dynasty 明末科

技翻译 The translation of western sociology works 清末西

学译介 Translation in the 20th century ( ２０世纪２０年代起，西学东

渐风气日炽，翻译事业进入了蓬勃发展时期。许多学子负笈欧美，译著颇丰，门类包括诗歌、小说、剧本等，译著按国别划分为苏俄、美国、英国、法国、德国、日本等等。 )

Translation after 1949 Translation since reform and opening up

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1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio1.1 The Origin, Development and Functio

n of Translationn of Translation Functions of translationto help people better communicate with one

another to facilitate the development of culture and

civilization of all nationsto promote global economic and cultural

development to enrich the ideas and expressions of the

target language

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1.2 Definition of Translation 1.2 Definition of Translation

Any interpretation is translation. Translation thus defined includes intra lingual rewording, inter lingual translation and inter semiotic transmutation.

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1.2 Definition of Translation 1.2 Definition of Translation

Translation is the expression in one language (or target language) of what has been expressed in another (source language), preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.

-- Dubois

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1.2 Definition of Translation 1.2 Definition of Translation

Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. --Eugene Nida

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1.2 Definition of Translation 1.2 Definition of Translation

Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language.

-- Peter Newmark

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1.2 Definition of Translation 1.2 Definition of Translation

Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text.

-- Our definition of translation

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1.2 Definition of Translation1.2 Definition of Translation

translation: science or art translation: science or art Translation is both an art and a science

as well, since it calls for a good command of at least two languages, a flexible application of their rules, and some knowledge of at least two cultures, as well as a good grasp of the necessary translation theories.

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1.31.3 Principles or criteria for Translation Principles or criteria for Translation

Principles for translation and criteria for translation are actually identical in essence, the only difference between the two terms lying in the fact that the former is observed from the perspective of the translator, while the latter is examined from the angle of the translation critic.

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1.3.2Yan Fu’s Triple Principle for Translation 1.3.2Yan Fu’s Triple Principle for Translation

Strictly speaking, a translation theory in its true sense in China originated from Yan Fu ( 严复 ). He proposed the famous triple principle for translation: faithfulness( 信 ), expressiveness( 达 ) and elegance( 雅 ).

The original words of Yan Fu in this respect.

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1.3.31.3.3 Liu Zhongde’s Liu Zhongde’s Triple Principle for Translation Triple Principle for Translation

In 1979 Professor Liu Zhongde put forward another triple principle for translation, namely “faithfulness( 信 ), expressiveness( 达 ) and closeness( 切 )”,

This principle is suitable for translation of all types of texts with different styles.

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1.3.4 Alexander Fraser Tytler’s 1.3.4 Alexander Fraser Tytler’s Three Point Translation Three Point Translation

1) The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.

2) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.

3) The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

From Essay on the Principles of Translation (1790) Original word of Tytler

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1.3.5 Eugene A. Nida’s 1.3.5 Eugene A. Nida’s Functional Equivalence Functional Equivalence

“dynamic equivalence” was put forward first. Later on, it was modified into “functional equivalence”.

“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” Eugene A. Nida and Taber

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Translation ExerciseTranslation Exercise The English original: "I will build a motor car for the great multitude. It will

be large enough for the family but small enough for the individual to run and care for. It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces." -- Ford

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Sentence by sentence Sentence by sentence translationtranslation

I will build a motor car for the great multitude.我要造一种平民汽车。 It will be large enough for the family but small

enough for the individual to run and care for. 这种汽车，举家出游不嫌小，个人驾驶不嫌大，维护保养又方便。

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Sentence by sentence Sentence by sentence translationtranslation

It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise.

它将使用最优良的材料，按照现代工程学最简洁的设计，由最优秀的工人建成。

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Sentence by sentence Sentence by sentence translationtranslation

But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one -- and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces.

但是这种汽车价格低廉，工薪阶层人人都能买上一辆，都能和家人一起，在上帝那辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋，尽享欢乐。

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Translation ExerciseTranslation Exercise

The whole paragraph in Chinese:我要造一种平民汽车。这种汽车，举家出游不嫌小，个人驾驶不嫌大，维护保养又方便。它将使用最优良的材料，按照现代工程学最简洁的设计，由最优秀的工人建成。但是这种汽车价格低廉，工薪阶层人人都能买上一辆，都能和家人一起，在上帝那辽阔的大地上纵情驰骋，尽享欢乐。

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Homework: Passage translation Ex. 1 The

“Little Story”