2.4 series circuit and parallel circuit
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2.4 SeriesCircuit and
Parallel Circuit
SHAHIDMUKHLIS
FORM 5
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Resistance,Current and Potential Difference in Series Circuit
EffectiveResistance:
R = R1 + R2
Current: I1 = I2 = I3
PotentialDifference
V = V1 + V2
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Resistance,Current and Potential Difference in Parallel Circuit
EffectiveResistance:
R = (R1 + R2 +R
3
)-1
Current: I = I1 + I2 + I3
PotentialDifference
V = V1 = V2 = V3
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What is the effectiveresistance of the connection shown in the picture below?
Answer:a. Effective resistance, R = 2 + 3 + 6 = 11b. Effective resistance, R = (1/5 + 1/5)-1 = 2.5
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Find the resultantresistance of the arrangement below.
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Current in Series Circuit
The current flow into a resistor = the current flow inside theresistor = the current flows out from the resistor (I1 = I2 = I3)
In a series circuit, thecurrent at any points ofthe circuit is the same.
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Current in Parallel Circuit The current flow into a parallel circuit is equal to the
sum of the current in each branches of the circuit.
(I = I1 + I2)
Example:
If the resistance of the 2 resistors is the same, current will bedivided equally to both of the resistor.
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In each of the diagrams below, find the reading of theammeter.
Answer:
a. In a series circuit, the current at any points ofthe circuit is the same. Therefore, the reading
of the ammeter is also 0.5A.
b. Reading of the ammeter, I = 6A - 2A = 4A
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In the diagram behind ,
a.find the reading of theammeter.
a.find the current flowsthrough each of the resistors.Answer:
a.Resistance of the (whole) circuit = 2 + 4 = 6Potential difference across the whole circuit, V = 12VCurrent, I = ?V = IR(12) = I(6)
I = 2AReading of the ammeter = 2A
b.Since in a series circuit, the current at any points of the circuit is the same.Therefore, the current flows through each of the resistors is also 2A.
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Potential
Difference in Series Circuit
The sum of the potential difference across individual resistor in
between 2 points in a series circuit is equal to the potential
difference across the two point.
V = V1 + V2
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Potential
Difference in Parallel Circuit
The potential difference across all the resistor in a parallel circuit is the same.
V = V1 = V2
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Find the reading of the given voltmeter(s) in thediagrams below
Asnwer:
a. Reading of the voltmeter, V2 = 12 - 7 = 5V
b. The potential difference across all the resistor in a parallelcircuit is the same. Therefore, the reading of the voltmeter V1is also 5V
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Find the potentialacross each of the resistors in the diagram above.
Answer:
The potential difference across the wholecircuit = 12V, but the potential across the 2resistor R1 and R2 are unknown. In orderto find the potential difference across theresostors, we need to find current passingthrough the resistors.
V = 12V, R = 6, I = ?V = IR(12) = I(6)
I = 2AFor resistor R1,R = 2, I = 2A, V = ?V = IR
V = (2)(2) = 4VFor resistor R2,R = 4, I = 2A, V = ?
V = IRV = (2)(4) = 8V
The potential difference across theresistors R1 and R2 are 4V and 8Vrespectively.
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Potential
Difference and E.M.F
If we assume that there is nointernal resistance in the cell,the potential differenceacross the cell is equal to thee.m.f. of the cell.
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Potential
Change in a Series Circuit
V1 = V2 = V5V3 + V4 = V5
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PotentialChange in a Parallel Circuit
V1 = V2 = V3 = V4
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Find the reading of the voltmeter in each of the circuit below.
Reading of the volmeter = e.m.f. = 3V . Reading of the volmeter = e.m.f. = 3V
Reading of the volmeter = e.m.f. = 3V Reading of the volmeter = e.m.f. = 3V