22948971 financial statement analysis of habib bank[1]

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FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS OF

BANK AL FALAH

Submitted By

Muhammad shafiq

Department of Management Sciences,

Federal Urdu university of Arts, Science and Technology

Islamabad

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Dedication

I would like to dedicate this project to my parents who have always encourage me

throughout in my academic career and make possible for me to stand where I am today.

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Acknowledgement

In the name of ALLAH, the most kind and most merciful.

First of all I m grateful to ALLAH ALMIGHTY, who bestowed me with health, abilities

and guidance to complete the project in a successful manner, and without HIS help I was

unable to perform this task.

More than anybody else, I would like to acknowledge my project advisor for his never

ending support and untiring efforts. He was always there to guide me whenever I felt

stuck off and his encouragement always worked as moral booster for me. I have found

him very helpful while discussing the tricky issues in this dissertation work.

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Executive Summary

Common Size Financial Statement discloses the internal structure of the firm. It indicates

the existing relationship between sales and each income statement account. It shows the

mix of assets that produce income and the mix of the sources of capital, whether by

current or long-term debt or by equity funding.

The primary objective of financial analysis is to forecast or determine the actual financial

status and performance of a project

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Section I

a) Introduction. 6

1.1 Background .. 6

1.2 Introduction of the organizations business sector 7

1.3 Companys Introduction ... 8

Introduction of Bank AL Falah... 9

1.4 List of competitors 10

1.5 Objectives of Projects. 10

1.6 Significance of the Project. 11

b) Processing and Analysis.... 13

Data Collection Sources.. 13

Data Collection Tools. 14

Data Processing and Analysis. 14

Project proceedings. 14

1. Ratio Analysis.. 14

a) Liquid Ratio... 15

b) Leverage Ratio 18

c) Profitability Ratio 24

d) Activity Ratio.... 32

e) Market Ratios. 33

f) Statement of Cash Flow. 38

2. Common Size Analysis 39

a) Horizontal Analysis... 40

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b) Vertical Analysis.. 49

3 Review of Descriptive Information.... 59

4 Comparisons .. 60

a) Trend Analysis 60

b) Industry Averages and Comparisons with Competitors 65

c) Summary... 65

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Section I

a) Introduction

Financial statements for banks present a different analytical problem than manufacturing

and service companies. As a result, analysis of a bank's financial statements requires a

distinct approach that recognizes a bank's somewhat unique risks.

Banks take deposits from savers, paying interest on some of these accounts. They pass

these funds on to borrowers, receiving interest on the loans. Their profits are derived

from the spread between the rate they pay for funds and the rate they receive from

borrowers. By managing this flow of funds, banks generate profits, acting as the

intermediary of interest paid and interest received and taking on the risks of offering

credit. As one of the most highly regulated banking industries in the world, investors

have some level of assurance in the soundness of the banking system. As a result,

investors can focus most of their efforts on how a bank will perform in different

economic environments. In this project, I am trying to provide assistance to the investors,

by showing them the performance of two banks underlying the same functions.

1.1 Background of the project:

Financial Statement Analysis is a method used by interested parties such as investors,

creditors, and management to evaluate the past, current, and projected conditions and

performance of the firm. Ratio analysis is the most common form of financial analysis. It

provides relative measures of the firm's conditions and performance. Horizontal Analysis

and Vertical Analysis are also popular forms. Horizontal analysis is used to evaluate the

trend in the accounts over the years, while vertical analysis, also called a Common Size

Financial Statement discloses the internal structure of the firm. It indicates the existing

relationship between sales and each income statement account. It shows the mix of assets

that produce income and the mix of the sources of capital, whether by current or long-

term debt or by equity funding. When using the financial ratios, a financial analyst makes

two types of comparisons.

Financial ratio analysis is an important topic and is covered in all mainstream corporate

finance textbooks. It is also a popular agenda item in investment club meetings. It is

widely used to summarize the information in a company's financial statements in

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assessing its financial health. In today's information technology world, real time financial

data are readily available via the Internet. Performing financial ratio analysis using

publications, such as Robert Morris Associates Annual Statement Studies, Dun &

Bradstreets Key Business Ratios, Moodys Manuals, Standard & Poors Corporation

Records, Value Line Investment Survey, etc., is no longer efficient. Since students and

investors now have easy access to on-line databases, the assignments on financial ratio

analysis can be modified accordingly to enhance learning.

In the current scenario where financial instability is rife and financial intuitions are

becoming popular, when it comes to investing, the sound analysis of financial statements

is one of the most important elements in the fundamental analysis process. At the same

time, the massive amount of numbers in a company's financial statements can be

bewildering and intimidating to many investors. However, through financial ratio

analysis, we shall be able to work with these numbers in an organized fashion and present

them in a concise form easily understandable to both the management and interested

investors.

1.2 Introduction of the organizations business sector:

The organizations is choose, are from the banking sector. Banking primarily the business

of dealing in money and instruments of credit. Banks were traditionally differentiated

from other financial institutions by their principal functions of accepting deposits, subject

to withdrawal or transfer by check, and of making loans. A bank is a financial institution

licensed by a government. Its primary activity is to lend money. Many other financial

activities were allowed over time. For example banks are important players in financial

markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. In some countries such as

Germany, banks have historically owned major stakes in industrial corporations while in

other countries such as the United States banks are prohibited from owning non-financial

companies. In Japan, banks are usually the nexus of a cross-share holding entity known

as the zaibatsu. In France, banc assurance is prevalent, as most banks offer insurance

services (and now real estate services) to their clients. The level ofgovernment regulation

of the banking industry varies widely, with counties such as Iceland, the United Kingdom

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and the United States having relatively light regulation of the banking sector, and

countries such as China having relatively heavier regulation.

Banks have traditionally been distinguished according to their primary functions.

Commercial banks, which include national- and state-chartered banks, trust companies,

stock savings banks, and industrial banks, have traditionally rendered a wide range of

services in addition to their primary functions of making loans and investments and

handling demand as well as savings and other time deposits. Mutual savings banks, until

recently, accepted only savings and other time deposits, and offered limited types of

loans and services. The fact that commercial banks were able to expand or contract their

loans and investments in accordance with changes in reserves and reserve requirements

further differentiated them from mutual savings banks, where the volume of loans and

investments was governed by changes in customers' deposits. Membership in the Federal

Deposit Insurance Corporation is compulsory for all Federal Reserve member banks but

optional for other banks.

1.3 Companys introduction:

Introduction of Bank Al Falah:

Bank Alfalah Limited is a private bank in Pakistan owned by the Abu Dhabi Group.

Bank Alfalah Limited was incorporated on June 21st, 1992 as a public limited company

under the Companies Ordinance 1984. Its banking operations commenced from

November 1st ,1997. The bank is engaged in commercial banking and related services as

defined in the Banking companies ordinance, 1962. The Bank is currently operating

through 195 branches in 74 cities, with the registered office at B.A.Building,

I.I.Chundrigar, Karachi.

This facilitates the commitment to a culture of innovation and seeks out synergies with

clients and service providers to ensure uninterrupted services to its customers. Bank Al-

Falah is known to perceive the requirements of customers and match them with quality

products and service solutions. During the past five years, this bank has emerged as one

of the foremost financial institution in the region endeavoring to meet the needs of

tomorrow today. With a vision to be the premier organization operating locally &

internationality that provides the complete range of financial services to all segments

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under one roof, Bank Al-Falah is one of the most important entities in banking sector of

Pakistan with a strong credit rating of AA for long term and A one plus for the short

term. Since its inception, as the new identity of H.C.E.B after the privatization in 1997,

the management of the bank has implemented strategies and policies to carve a distinct

position for the bank in the market place. Since its inception, as the new identity of

H.C.E.B after the privatization in 1997, the management of the bank has implemented

strategies and policies to carve a distinct position for the bank in the market place.

Strengthened with the banking of the Abu Dhabi Group and driven by the strategic goals

set out by its board of management, the Bank has invested in revolutionary technology to

have an extensive range of products and services.

Vision:

To be the premier organization operating locally & internationality that provides the

complete range of financial services to all segments under one roof

Mission:

To develop & deliver the most innovative products, manage customer experience,

deliver quality services that contributes to brand strength, establishes a competitive

advantage and enhances profitability, thus providing value to the stakeholders of the

bank

1.4 List of competitors:

Standard Chartered Bank

National Banks

Allied Bank Limited

1.5 Objectives of the project:

The objective of this project is to provide insight into how the banks work, what are the

strengths and weakness of the banks, which bank is financially more feasible than the

other. The ratios will be compared of both the banks within the industry to see where the

banks stand. Question such as What are the strengths and weaknesses of each bank?

will be answered with the comparison of the ratios. To give the stock holder a clear view

about the financial feasibility of both the banks so that they can take the appropriate

decision. And most significantly it will provide a good understanding of the business

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cycle and the yield curve - both of which have a major impact on the economic

performance of banks.

The primary objective of financial analysis is to forecast and/or determine the actual

financial status and performance of a project and, where appropriate, of the EAs. This is

to enable ADB to combine that information with all other pertinent data (technical,

economic, social, etc.) to assess the feasibility, viability, and potential economic benefits,

of a proposed or continuing lending operation. Secondary objective is the provision of

Technical Assistance to a borrower and an EA to enable them to make similar

assessments for the project and to apply the techniques to other non-ADB investments. A

tertiary objective is to encourage borrowers to make any necessary changes to their

institutional and financial management systems to facilitate the generation of appropriate

data to support good financial analysis. The objectives of financial analysis as set out

above are intended to measure the achievement of financial objectives of a borrower, the

project to be (or being) financed. The financial performance of a public and private sector

EA should normally be measured by the use of at least one indicator selected from the

range of the following groups of indicators derived from the financial analysis of a

project and its EA: (i) operation; (ii) capital structure, and (iii) liquidity. This means that,

if only one indicator from one of the three categories of indicators above would be the

subject of a loan covenant, the remaining indicator or indicators from each group above

recommended by the financial analyst should be the subject of periodic reporting. The

efficient allocation of resources is an important consideration in pricing policy,

particularly for REEA services. Financial analysis is used to describe the impact of such a

policy.

I worked on the financial statements of the bank i.e. Balance sheet of the bank and make

some essential calculations in order to give you an idea about the financial stability of the

bank.

1.6 Significance of the project:

Financial statements provide an overview of a business' financial condition in both short

and long term. All the relevant financial information of a business enterprise presented in

a structured manner and in a form easy to understand, is called the financial statements.

Therefore these financial statements are very useful for the stake holder, as they obtain all

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insight information. In assessing the significance of various financial data, experts engage

in ratio analyses, the process of determining and evaluating financial ratios. A financial

ratio is a relationship that indicates something about a company's activities, such as the

ratio between the company's current assets, current liabilities or between its accounts

receivable and its annual sales. The basic source for these ratios is the company's

financial statements that contain figures on assets, liabilities, profits, or losses. Financial

ratios are only meaningful when compared with other information. Since they are most

often compared with industry data, ratios help an individual understand a company's

performance relative to that of competitors; they are often used to trace performance over

time.

Ratio analysis can reveal much about a company and its operations. However, there are

several points to keep in mind about ratios. First, financial statement ratios are "flags"

indicating areas of strength or weakness. One or even several ratios might be misleading,

but when combined with other knowledge of a company's management and economic

circumstances, ratio analysis can tell much about a corporation. Second, there is no single

correct value for a ratio. The observation that the value of a particular ratio is too high,

too low, or just right depends on the perspective of the analyst and on the company's

competitive strategy. Third, a ratio is meaningful only when it is compared with some

standard, such as an industry trend, ratio trend, a ratio trend for the specific company

being analyzed, or a stated management objective.

The significance of my project stems from the very nature of the financial statements i.e.

they are usually lengthy, bulky documents which have a huge array of numbers not

readily understandable. Financial statement analysis is the process of examining

relationships among financial statement elements and making comparisons with relevant

information. It is a valuable tool used by investors and creditors, financial analysts, and

others in their decision-making processes related to stocks, bonds, and other financial

instruments. The goal in analyzing financial statements is to assess past performance and

current financial position and to make predictions about the future performance of a

company. Investors who buy stock are primarily interested in a company's profitability

and their prospects for earning a return on their investment by receiving dividends and/or

increasing the market value of their stock holdings. Creditors and investors who buy debt

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securities, such as bonds, are more interested in liquidity and solvency: the company's

short-and long-run ability to pay its debts. Financial analysts, who frequently specialize

in following certain industries, routinely assess the profitability, liquidity, and solvency

of companies in order to make recommendations about the purchase or sale of securities,

such as stocks and bonds. Analysts can obtain useful information by comparing a

company's most recent financial statements with its results in previous years and with the

results of other companies in the same industry. My aim is to summarize all that data into

a form which is easily understood by all the relevant parties.

b) Processing and Analysis

This section should provide solid or concrete foundations to the study. Quality and value of

the research report depends upon how precisely and accurately the data is collected,

processed, interpreted and analyzed so that fruitful conclusions may be drawn out of it. It

includes:

Data Collection Sources:

To think about the issue of data collection means you are wondering about the

characteristics of the methods used. Each method has its own advantages and

inconveniences. With each technique you might also found a few people who will

disapprove its use for such or such reason.

At the beginning of a research (Project), it can be important to look for documentary

sources. It is what some will call: the review of papers ". And here, I use the term

documentary sources in the widest meaning of this term. Indeed, the goal is not to find

only written sources. These documentary sources I use are:

Sites on the internet,

Articles from scientific publications,

Documents on various format (audio, video or computer support),

Advisers with a particular expertise

The purpose of the gathering of documentary sources is to have a better idea of what have

been said or written about my subject. It is not for the intellectual beauty of the matter

which I should do that. The search for documentary sources allowed me to put a more

adequate glance at the data you will later gather.

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Also I use secondary sources for data collection for my work, that include internet and

then I use stock exchange for data gathering as the banks are listed in Lahore stock

exchange. So I got their annual reports from there.

Data Collection Tools:

According to the topic I have selected for my project, the tool used for data collection is

direct observation of the financial statements of the banks.

Company profile forms

Company comparison forms

Stock exchange

Internet past articles

Case Study

Data Processing and Analysis:

We can use several tools to evaluate a company, but I will use one of the most valuable

tool that is financial ratios. Ratios are an analysts microscope; they allow us get a

better view of the firms financial health than just looking at the raw financial statements.

Ratios are useful both to internal and external analysts of the firm. For internal

purposes: ratios can be useful in planning for the future, setting goals, and evaluating the

performance of managers. External analysts use ratios to decide whether to grant credit,

to monitor financial performance, to forecast financial performance, and to decide

whether to invest in the company. I will use Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel work

sheets to compute the different ratios and analysis.

Project proceedings

1. RATIO ANALYSIS:

Financial ratios are useful indicators of a firm's performance and financial situation.

Financial ratios can be used to analyze trends and to compare the firm's financials to

those of other firms.Ratio analysis is the calculation and comparison of ratios which are

derived from the information in a company's financial statements. Financial ratios are

usually expressed as a percent or as times per period. Ratio analysis is a widely used tool

of financial analysis. It is defined as the systematic use of ratio to interpret the financial

statements so that the strength and weaknesses of a firm as well as its historical

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performance and current financial condition can be determined. The term ratio refers to

the numerical or quantitative relationship between two variables. With the help of ratio

analysis conclusion can be drawn regarding several aspects such as financial health,

profitability and operational efficiency of the undertaking. Ratio points out the operating

efficiency of the firm i.e. whether the management has utilized the firms assets correctly,

to increase the investors wealth. It ensures a fair return to its owners and secures

optimum utilization of firms assets. Ratio analysis helps in inter-firm comparison by

providing necessary data. An inter firm comparison indicates relative position. It provides

the relevant data for the comparison of the performance of different departments. If

comparison shows a variance, the possible reasons of variations may be identified and if

results are negative, the action may be initiated immediately to bring them in line. Yet

another dimension of usefulness or ratio analysis, relevant from the View point of

management is that it throws light on the degree efficiency in the various activity ratios

measures this kind of operational efficiency.

a) Liquidity Ratios

b) Leverage Ratios

c) Profitability Ratios

d) Activity Ratios

e) Market Ratios

f) Statements of Cash Flow

Ratio Analysis

a) Liquidity Ratios

Liquidity ratios measure a firms ability to meet its current obligations. These include:

Current Ratio:

Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities

This ratio indicates the extent to which current liabilities are covered by those assets

expected to be converted to cash in the near future. Current assets normally include cash,

marketable securities, accounts receivables, and inventories. Current liabilities consist of

accounts payable, short-term notes payable, current maturities of long-term debt, accrued

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taxes, and other accrued expenses. Current assets are important to businesses because

they are the assets that are used to fund day-to-day operations and pay ongoing expenses.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

The ratios for the last 3 years are 1.06, 1.10 & 1.06, shows below standard of 2:1 which

means efficient use of funds but at the risk of low liquidity.

Sales to Working Capital:

Sales to Working Capital = Sales / Working Capital

Sales to working capital give an indication of the turnover in working capital per year. A

low working capital indicates an unprofitable use of working capital.

BANK AL FALAH

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Year 2006 2007 2008

Current Assets 265182551 316972828 335217471

Current Liabilities 249906022 286843944 315476169

Current ratio 1.06 1.10 1.06

Year 2006 2007 2008

Sales 21191470 25783871 31046583

Working Capital 15276529 30128884 19741302

Sales to Working 1.38 0.85 1.57


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Interpretation:

BANK AL FALAH:

The ratios for the last 3 years are 1.06, 1.10 & 1.06, shows below standard of 2:1 which

means efficient use of funds but at the risk of low liquidity.

Working Capital:

Working Capital = Current Assets Current Liabilities

A measure of both a company's efficiency and its short-term financial health. Positive

working capital means that the company is able to pay off its short-term

liabilities. Negative working capital means that a company currently is unable to meet its

short-term liabilities with its current assets (cash, accounts receivable and inventory).

Also known as "net working capital", or the "working capital ratio".

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation:

.

BANK AL FALAH:

This ratio increased to a great extent in 2007, almost double of the year 2006 but later on

in the year 2008 it went down again.

b) Leverage Ratios:

By using a combination of assets, debt, equity, and interest payments, leverage ratio's are

used to understand a company's ability to meet it long term financial obligations.

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Year 2006 2007 2008

Current Assets 265182551 316972828 335217471Current Liabilities 249906022 286843944 315476169

Working Capital 15276529 30128884 19741302


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Leverage ratios measure the degree of protection of suppliers of long term funds. The

level of leverage depends on a lot of factors such as availability of collateral, strength of

operating cash flow and tax treatments. Thus, investors should be careful about

comparing financial leverage between companies from different industries. For example

companies in the banking industry naturally operates with a high leverage as collateral

their assets are easily collateralized.

These include:

Time Interest Earned:

TIE Ratio = EBIT / Interest Charges

The interest coverage ratiotells us how easily a company is able to pay interest expensesassociated to the debt they currently have. The ratio is designed to understand the

amount of interest due as a function of companys earnings before interest and taxes

(EBIT). This ratio measures the extent to which operating income can decline before the

firm is unable to meet its annual interest cost.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

We can see that, this company has covered their interest expenses 1.16 times in 2006,

1.27 times in 2007 and 1.08 times in 2008. It means they havent improved in the past

years.

Debt Ratio:

Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets

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Year 2006 2007 2008

EBIT 17798831 21156515 22125914

Interest charges 15232886 16620963 20331194

TIE ratio 1.16 1.27 1.08


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The ratio of total debt to total assets, generally called the debt ratio, measures the

percentage of funds provided by the creditors. The proportion of a firm's total assets that

are being financed with borrowed funds. The debt ratio is calculated by dividing total

long-term and short-term liabilities by total assets. The higher the ratio, the more leverage

the company is using and the more risk it is assuming. Assets and liabilities are found on

a company's balance sheet.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation:

BANK AL FALAH

Calculating the debt ratio, we came to see that this company is highly leveraged one.

Debt to Equity Ratio:

Debt to Equity Ratio = Total debt / Total Equity

The debt to equity ratio is the most popular leverage ratio and it provides detail around

the amount of leverage (liabilities assumed) that a company has in relation to the monies

provided by shareholders. As you can see through the formula below, the lower the

number, the less leverage that a company is using. The debt to equity ratio gives the

proportion of a company (or person's) assets that are financed by debt versus equity. It is

a common measure of the long-term viability of a company's business and, along with

current ratio, a measure of its liquidity, or its ability to cover its expenses. As a result,

debt to equity calculations often only includes long-term debt rather than a company's

total liabilities. A high debt to equity ratio implies that the company has been

aggressively financing its activities through debt and therefore must pay interest on this

financing.

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Year 2006 2007 2008

Total debt 263443596 312675308 331946025

Total Assets 275685541 328895152 348990764

Debt Ratio 0.95 0.95 0.95
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BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

Calculating this debt ratio we can see that it was 24.91, 22.71 & 22.72 in the year 2006,

2007 & 2008 respectively. This shows a decline in the ratio over the years.

Current Worth / Net worth Ratio:

Current Worth to Net worth Ratio= Current Worth / Net worth Ratio

We can calculate current worth and net worth by using following formulas:

Current Worth = Total Current Assets Total Current Liabilities

Net Worth = Total Assets - Total Liabilities

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

.

BANK AL FALAH

Analysis shows that this ratio was as high as 1.2 among three years. However, it declined

to 1.15 in the year 2008. In 2007 the ratio somewhat increased to 1.85.

Total Capitalization Ratio:

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Year 2006 2007 2008

Total debt 263443596 312675308 331946025

Total Equity 10572605 13766673 14608523

Debt To Equity Ratio 24.91 22.71 22.72

Year 2006 2007 2008

Current Worth 15276529 30128884 19741302

Net Worth 12241945 16219844 17044739

Current Worth to Net 1.247 1.85 1.15


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Total Capitalization Ratio = Long-term debt / long-term debt + shareholders' equity

The capitalization ratio measures the debt component of a company's capital structure, or

capitalization (i.e., the sum of long-term debt liabilities and shareholders' equity) to

support a company's operations and growth. Long-term debt is divided by the sum of

long-term debt and shareholders' equity. This ratio is considered to be one of the more

meaningful of the "debt" ratios - it delivers the key insight into a company's use of

leverage.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

The ratios for the last 3 years are 0.56, 0.65 and 0.52. Shows below standard of 2:1

Long term Assets versus Long term Debt:

Long term Assets versus Long term Debt= Long Term Assets/ Long Term Debts

BANK AL FALAH

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Year 2006 2007 2008

Long Term debt 13537574 25831364 16469856

Long term debt + Equity 24110179 39598037 31078379

Capitalization Ratio 0.56 0.65 0.52

Year 2006 2007 2008

Long Term Assets 13773293 11922324 10502990

Long term debt 13537574 25831364 16469856L.T Assets /L.T Debts 1.01 0.46 0.63
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BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

Therefore, the Net Profit Margin was 29.07% in 2006, decrease to 19.97% in 2007 and

then again increased to 24.66% in 2008

Operating Income Margin:

Operating Income Margin = Operating Income x 100

Net Sales

Operating Income Margin =

Net mark-up / interest income after provisions + Mark-up / return / interest expensed -

Total non mark-up / interest expenses

BANK AL FALAH

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Year 2006 2007 2008

Net Profit 1762691 3130229 1301301

Sales 21191470 25783871 31046583

Net Profit Margin 8.31% 12.1% 4%

Year 2006 2007 2008Operating Income 14574192 15118049 16880487

Net Sales 21191470 25783871 31046583

Operating Income 0.687738604 0.586337443 0.5437148


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Return on Assets:

Return on Assets (ROA) = Profit after Taxation / Average Total assets x 100

ROA, A measure of a company'sprofitability, equal to a fiscal year'searnings divided by

its total assets, expressed as a percentage. This is an important ratio for companies

deciding whether or not to initiate a new project. The basis of this ratio is that if a

company is going to start a project they expect to earn a return on it, ROA is the return

they would receive. Simply put, if ROA is above the rate that the company borrows at

then the project should be accepted, if not then it is rejected.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

.

.

BANK AL FALAH

Return on assets decreased gradually throughout the years.

Return on Equity (ROE):

Return on Total Equity = Profit after taxation x 10

Total Equity

Return on Equity measures the amount of Net Income earned by utilizing each dollar of

Total common equity. It is the most important of the Bottom line ratio. By this, we can

find out how much the shareholders are going to get for their shares. This ratio indicates

how profitable a company is by comparing its net income to its average shareholders'

equity. The return on equity ratio (ROE) measures how much the shareholders earned for

24

Year 2006 2007 2008

Net income 1762691 3130229 1301301

Total Average assets 137966927.5 302290346.5 338942958

ROA 1.27% 1.01% 0.038%
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/measure.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/992/company.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3881/profitability.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1984/fiscal_year.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1618/earnings.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/5975/total_assets.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/percentage.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/measure.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/992/company.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3881/profitability.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1984/fiscal_year.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1618/earnings.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/5975/total_assets.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/percentage.html


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their investment in the company. The higher the ratio percentage, the more efficient

management is in utilizing its equity base and the better return is to investors.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

The Return on Equity was maximum in 2007 but decreased to an extent in the following

years 2007 and 2008. This again may have happened due to the issue of more long-term

debt in 2007 and 2008.

DuPont Return on Assets:

DuPont Return on Assets = Profit after taxation x 100

Total Assets

BANK AL FALAH

Operating Assets Turnover:

Operating Assets Turnover = Operating Assets x 100

25

Year 2006 2007 2008

Net income 1762691 3130229 1301301

Total Equity 10572605 13766673 14608523

ROE 16.6% 22.5% 8.9%

Year 2006 2007 2008

Net Profit 1762691 3130229 1301301

Total assets 275685541 328895152 348990764DuPont ROA 0.006 0.009 0.003


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Net Sales

BANK AL FALAH

Detail of Operating Assets of Bank Al Falah Limited

2008

Operating Assets:

Cash and balances with treasury banks 27859360

Balances with other banks 12731952

Operating fixed assets 10502990

51094302

2007

Operating Assets:




59739440

2006

Operating Assets:



26

Year 2006 2007 2008

Operating Assets 51094302 59739440 68041671

Net Sales 21191470 25783871 31046583

Operating Assets Turnover 2.41% 2.31% 2.19%


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68041671

Return on Operating Assets:

Return on Operating Assets = Profit after Taxation x 100

Operating assets

BANK AL FALAH

Sales to Fixed Assets:

This ratio is indicates that how much sales are contributed by investment in fixed Assets.

Sales to Fixed Assets = Net Sales / Fixed Assets

BANK AL FALAH

d) Activity Ratios:

Activity ratio are sometimes are called efficiency ratios. Activity ratios are concerned

with how efficiency the assets of the firm are managed. These ratios express relationship

between level of sales and the investment in various assets inventories, receivables, fixed

assets etc.

27

Year 2006 2007 2008

Net Profit 1762691 3130229 1301301

Operating Assets 51094302 59739440 68041671

Return on Operating Assets 0.034 0.052 0.019

Year 2006 2007 2008

Net Sales 21191470 25783871 31046583

Fixed Assets 10502990 11922324 13773293

Sales to Fixed Assets 2.017 times 2.16 times 2.25 times


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Total Asset Turnover:

Total Asset Turnover = Total Sales / Total Assets

The amount of sales generated for every dollar's worth of assets. It is calculated by

dividing sales in dollars by assets in dollars. Asset turnover measures a firm's efficiency

at using its assets in generating sales or revenue - the higher the number the better. It also

indicates pricing strategy: companies with low profit margins tend to have high asset

turnover, while those with high profit margins have low asset turnover.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

The Return on Equity was maximum in 2007 but decreased to an extent in the following

years 2007 and 2008. This again may have

e) Market Ratio:

Market Value Ratios relate an observable market value, the stock price, to book values

obtained from the firm's financial statements.

Dividend per Share DPS:

Dividend per Share = Total amount of Dividend

Number of outstanding shares

Per share capital = 10 per share

Or

No. of shares outstanding = share capital / 10

BANK AL FALAH

28

Year 2006 2007 2008

Total Sales 21191470 25783871 31046583

Total Assets 275685541 328895152 348990764

Total Asset Turnover 0.07 0.07 0.08


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Note: There is no dividend paid by the bank in the year 2006 and 2007

Earning Per Share- EPS:

Earning Per Share = Profit after Taxation

Number of Shares

The portion of a company's profit allocated to each outstanding share of common

stock. Earnings per share serve as an indicator of a company's profitability. Earnings per

share are generally considered to be the single most important variable in determining a

share's price. It is also a major component used to calculate the price-to-earnings

valuation ratio.

BANK AL FALAH

Price / Earning Ratio:

Price / Earning Ratio = Stock Price Per Share

Earning Per Shares

The Price-Earnings Ratio is calculated by dividing the current market price per share of

the stock by earnings per share (EPS). (Earnings per share are calculated by dividing net

income by the number of shares outstanding.)

29

Year 2006 2007 2008

Total amount of Dividend 00 00 975000

Number of Shares 500000 650000 799500

Dividend per Share 00 00 1.21

Year 2006 2007 2008

Profit after Taxation 1762691 3130229 1301301

Number of Shares 500000 650000 799500

Earning Per Share 3.525 4.815 1.627


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The P/E Ratio indicates how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of current

earnings. As such, high P/E Ratios are associated with growth stocks. (Investors who are

willing to pay a high price for a dollar of current earnings obviously expect high earnings

in the future.) In this manner, the P/E Ratio also indicates how expensive a particular

stock is. This ratio is not meaningful, however, if the firm has very little or negative

earnings. The Price-Earnings Ratio is calculated by dividing the current market price per

share of the stock by earnings per share (EPS). (Earnings per share are calculated by

dividing net income by the number of shares outstanding.) The P/E Ratio indicates how

much investors are willing to pay per dollar of current earnings. As such, high P/E Ratios

are associated with growth stocks. (Investors who are willing to pay a high price for a

dollar of current earnings obviously expect high earnings in the future.) In this manner,

the P/E Ratio also indicates how expensive a particular stock is. This ratio is not

meaningful, however, if the firm has very little or negative earnings.

BANK AL FALAH

Interpretation

BANK AL FALAH

The P/E ratio was 2.83 times in 2006 and decreased a little bit in 2007. However, in 2008 it

increased as much higher than before to 6.14 times.

Dividend Payout Ratio:

Dividend Payout Ratio = Dividend per Share

Earning per Share

30

Year 2006 2007 2008

Stock price per share 10 10 10

EPS 3.525 4.815 1.627Price / Earning Ratio 2.83 2.07 6.14


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The percentage of earnings paid to shareholders in dividends. The payout ratio provides

an idea of how well earnings support the dividend payments. More mature

companies tend to have a higher payout ratio. This ratio identifies the percentage of

earnings (net income) per common share allocated to paying cash dividends to

shareholders. The dividend payout ratio is an indicator of how well earnings support the

dividend payment.

BANK AL FALAH

Dividend Yield:

Dividend Yield = Dividend per Share

Share Price

Financial ratio that shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative

to its share price. In the absence of any capital gains, the dividend yield is the return on

investment for a stock. A stock's dividend yield is expressed as an annual percentage and

is calculated as the company's annual cash dividend per share divided by the current price

of the stock. The dividend yield is found in the stock quotes of dividend-paying

companies. Investors should note that stock quotes record the per share dollar amount ofa company's latest quarterly declared dividend. This quarterly dollar amount is annualized

and compared to the current stock price to generate the per annum dividend yield, which

represents an expected return.

31

Year 2006 2007 2008

DPS 00 00 1.21

EPS 3.525 4.815 1.627

Dividend Payout Ratio 00 00 0.74


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BANK AL FALAH

Book Value per Share:

Book Value per Share = Shareholders Equity

Share Capital

This is defined as the Common Shareholder's Equity divided by the Shares Outstanding

at the end of the most recent fiscal quarter. It is the Indication of the net worth of the

corporation. Somewhat similar to the earnings per share, but it relates the stockholder's

equity to the number of shares outstanding, giving the shares a raw value. Comparing the

market value to the book value can indicate whether or not the stock in overvalued or

undervalued.

BANK AL FALAH

f) Statement of cash flow:

Cash flow ratios indicate liquidity, borrowing capacity or profitability. This section of the

financial ratio looks at cash flow indicators, which focus on the cash being generated in

terms of how much is being generated and the safety net that it provides to the company.

These ratios can give users another look at the financial health and performance of a

company.

32

Year 2006 2007 2008

DPS 00 00 1.21

Share Price 10 10 10

Dividend Yield 00 00 0.121

Year 2006 2007 2008

Equity 10572605 13766673 14608523

Share Capital 5000000 6500000 7995000

Book Value per Share 2.11 2.11 1.82
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockholdersequity.asphttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockholdersequity.asphttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockholdersequity.asphttp://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stockholdersequity.asp


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Operating Cash Flow to Total Debt:

Operating Cash Flow to Total Debt =Operating Cash Flow/Total Debt

This coverage ratio compares a company's operating cash flow to its total debt, which, for

purposes of this ratio, is defined as the sum of short-term borrowings, the current portion

of long-term debt and long-term debt. This ratio provides an indication of a company's

ability to cover total debt with its yearly cash flow from operations. The higher the

percentage ratio, the better the company's ability to carry its total debt.

BANK AL FALAH

Operating Cash Flow per Share:

Operating Cash Flow per Share = Operating cash flow / Total Shares

BANK AL FALAH

33

Year 2006 2007 2008

Operating Cash flow 7852362 39645325 2499606

Total Debts 263443596 312675308 331946025

Operating Cash Flow to T.Debt 0.029 0.126 0.007

Year 2006 2007 2008

Operating Cash flow 7852362 39645325 2499606

Total Shares 500000 650000 799500

Operating Cash Flow per Share 15.70 60.99 3.12


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.

2. Common Size Analysis (Vertical and Horizontal):

The term "trend analysis" refers to the concept of collecting information and attempting

to spot a pattern, or trend, in the information. In some fields of study, the term "trend

analysis" has more formally-defined meanings. Although trend analysis is often used to

predict future events, it could be used to estimate uncertain events in the past. Financial

statement information is used by both external and internal users, including investors,

creditors, managers, and executives. These users must analyze the information in order to

make business decisions, so understanding financial statements is of great importance.

Several methods of performing financial statement analysis exist. I will discuss two of

these methods: horizontal analysis and vertical analysis.

a) Horizontal Analysis

Methods of financial statement analysis generally involve comparing certain information.

The horizontal analysis compares specific items over a number of accounting periods.

For example, accounts payable may be compared over a period of months within a fiscal

year, or revenue may be compared over a period of several years. It is a procedure in

fundamental analysis in which an analyst compares ratios or line items in a company's

financial statements over a certain period of time. The analyst will use his or her

discretion when choosing a particular timeline; however, the decision is often based on

the investing time horizon under consideration.

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HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS

BANK AL FALAH LIMITED

BALANCE SHEET

AS ON DEC 31 2008, 2007 & 2006

Years

(Rupees in 000)

Horizontal Analysis

2008 2007 2006

ASSETS 2008 2007 2006

Cash and balances

with treasury

banks

118.41 29436378 27859360 118.41 105.7 100

Balances with

other banks169.5 18380738 12731952 169.5 144.4 100

Lending to

financial

institutions

26.616 3452059 12456653 26.616 27.71 100

Investments 134.46 88491564 56502210 134.46 156.6 100

Advances 132.88 171198992 144999325 132.88 118.1 100

Operating fixed

assets131.14 11922324 10502990 131.14 113.5 100

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Deferred tax asset 0 0 0 0

Other assets 159.58 6013097 5633051 159.58 106.7 100

TOTAL

ASSETS126.59 328895152 275685541 126.59 119.3 100

LIABILITIES 0Bills payable 111.68 4138243 3091135 111.68 133.9 100

Borrowings

from financial

institutions

163.09 21230697 8394130 163.09 252.9 100

Deposits and

other accounts125.56 273173841 239509391 125.56 114.1 100

Sub-ordinate

loans79.798 3220858 3222106 79.798 99.96 100

Liabilities

against assets

subject to

finance lease

0 0 0 0

Deferred tax

liability10.85 1379809 1921338 10.85 71.82 100

Other liabilities 154.56 9531860 7305496 154.56 130.5 100

TOTAL

LIABILITIES126 312675308 263443596 126 118.7 100

NET ASSETS 139.23 16219844 12241945 139.23 132.5 100

REPRESENTED BY

SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY

Share capital 159.9 6500000 5000000 159.9 130 100

Reserves 115.15 2414833 2749533 115.15 87.83 100

Unappropriated

profit122.12 4851840 2823072 122.12 171.9 100

138.17 13766673 10572605 138.17 130.2 100

Surplus on

revaluation of

assets - net of tax

145.94 2453171 1669340 145.94 147 100

TOTAL 139.23 16219844 12241945 139.23 132.5 100

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EQUITY

HORIZONTAL ANALYSIS


PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT

AS ON DEC 31 2008, 2007 & 2006

2008 2007 2006 Horizontal Analysis(Rupees in 000) 2008 2007 2006

Mark-up / return /

interest earned31046583 25783871 21191470 146.51 121.7 100

Mark-up / return /

interest expensed20331194 16620963 15232886 133.47 109.1 100

Net mark-up / interest

income10715389 9162908 5958584 179.83 153.8 100

Provision against non-

performing loans and

advances - net

2035997 2370867 697690 291.82 339.8 100

Provision for

diminution in value of

investment

1479062 0 0 0

Bad debts written off

directly28298 5844 1537 1841.1 380.2 100

3,543,357 2,376,711 699,227 506.75 339.9 100

Net mark-up / interest

income after

provisions

7,172,032 6,786,197 5,259,357 136.37 129 100

Non mark-up /

interest income

Fee, commission and

brokerage income2,539,321 2,429,599 1,804,998 140.68 134.6 100

Dividend income 300,943 64,722 37,393 804.81 173.1 100

37


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Profit available for

appropriation6177727 5977886 3675610 168.07 162.6 100

b) Vertical Analysis

It is a method of financial statement analysis in which each entry for each of the three

major categories of accounts (assets, liabilities and equities) in a balance sheet is

represented as a proportion of the total account. The main advantages of analyzing a

balance sheet in this manner are that the balance sheets of businesses of all sizes can

easily be compared. It also makes it easy to see relative annual changes in one business.

When using vertical analysis, the analyst calculates each item on a single financial

statement as a percentage of a total. The term vertical analysis applies because each year's

figures are listed vertically on a financial statement. The total used by the analyst on theincome statement is net sales revenue, while on the balance sheet it is total assets. This

approach to financial statement analysis, also known as component percentages, produces

common-size financial statements. Common-size balance sheets and income statements

can be more easily compared, whether across the years for a single company or across

different companies.

VERTICAL ANALYSIS


BALANCE SHEET

AS ON DEC 31 2008, 2007 & 2006

39


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Years

(Rupees in 000)Vertical Analysis

40


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2008 2007 2006

ASSETS 2008 2007 2006

Cash and

balances with

treasury banks

32987335 29436378 27859360 9.4522 8.95 10.105

Balances with

other banks21581043 18380738 12731952 6.1838 5.589 4.6183

Lending to

financial

institutions

3315500 3452059 12456653 0.95 1.05 4.5184

Investments 75973238 88491564 56502210 21.769 26.91 20.495

Advances 192671169 171198992 144999325 55.208 52.05 52.596

Operating

fixed assets 13773293 11922324 10502990 3.9466 3.625 3.8098

Other assets 8989186 6013097 5633051 2.5758 1.828 2.0433

TOTAL

ASSETS348990764 328895152 275685541 100 100 100

LIABILITIES

Bills payable 3452031 4138243 3091135 0.9891 1.258 1.1213

Borrowings

from financial

institutions

13690222 21230697 8394130 3.9228 6.455 3.0448

Deposits and

other accounts300732858 273173841 239509391 86.172 83.06 86.878

Sub-ordinate

loans2571169 3220858 3222106 0.7367 0.979 1.1688

Liabilities

against assets

subject to

finance lease

Deferred tax

liability208465 1379809 1921338 0.0597 0.42 0.6969

Other liabilities 11291280 9531860 7305496 3.2354 2.898 2.6499

TOTAL

LIABILITIES331946025 312675308 263443596 95.116 95.07 95.559

41


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NET ASSETS 17044739 16219844 12241945 4.884 4.93 4.441

REPRESENTED BY:

Shareholders Equity

Share capital 7995000 6500000 5000000 2.291 1.98 1.814Reserves 3166056 2414833 2749533 0.907 0.73 0.997

Unappropriated

profit3447467 4851840 2823072 0.988 1.48 1.024

14608523 13766673 10572605 4.186 4.19 3.835

Surplus on

revaluation of

assets - net of tax

2436216 2453171 1669340 0.698 0.75 0.606

TOTAL

EQUITY17044739 16219844 12241945 4.884 4.93 4.441

VERTICAL ANALYSIS


PROFIT & LOSS ACCOUNT

AS ON DEC 31 2008, 2007 & 2006

2008 2007 2006 Vertical Analysis(Rupees in 000) 2008 2007 2006

Mark-up / return / interest

earned31046583 25783871 21191470 100 100 100

Mark-up / return / interest

expensed20331194 16620963 15232886 65.486 64.46 71.882

Net mark-up / interestincome

10715389 9162908 5958584 34.514 35.54 41.23

Provision against non-

performing loans and

advances - net

2035997 2370867 697690 6.55 9.195 3.2923

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Provision for diminution

in value of investment1479062 4.76 0 0

Bad debts written off

directly28298 5844 1537 0.091 0.023 0.0073

3,543,357 2,376,711 699,227 11.413 9.218 3.2996Net mark-up / interest

income after provisions7,172,032 6,786,197 5,259,357 23.101 26.32 24.818

Non mark-up / interest

income

Fee, commission and

brokerage income2,539,321 2,429,599 1,804,998 8.1791 9.423 8.5176

Dividend income 300,943 64,722 37,393 0.9693 0.251 0.1765

Income from dealing in

foreign currencies 914,845 474,510 386,997 2.9467 1.84 1.8262

Gain on sale of securities 424,220 2053192 180751 1.3664 7.963 0.8529

Unrealized loss on

revaluation of investments

classifies as held for

trading

181,571 21530 27599 0.5848 0.084 0.1302

Other income 1,247,669 1,031,372 842,099 4.0187 4 3.9738

Total non-mark-up /

interest income

5,245,427 6,038,466 3,224,639 16.895 23.42 15.217

12,417,459 12,824,663 8,483,996 1357.3 2703 2192.3

Non mark-up / interest

expense

Administrative expenses 10,741,399 8,272,587 5,874,745 5915.8 38424 21286

Provisions against off-

balance sheet obligations28,582 6,959 0 2.2908 0.042 0

Other charges 122,758 9,565 43,306 2.3403 0.058 1.343

Total non mark-up /

interest expenses

10,622,739 8289111 5,918,051 85.547 49.87 69.755

Profit before taxation 1,794,720 4,535,552 2,565,945 5.7807 27.29 12.108

Taxation 0 0 0

- Current 1730051 1726810 476226 5.5724 6.697

- Prior years 221797 0 100874 0.7144 0 0.476

- Deferred 1014835 321487 427902 3.2687 1.247 2.0192

493419 1405323 803254 1.5893 5.45 3.7905

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Profit after taxation 1301301 3130229 1962691 4.1914 12.14 9.2617

Attributable to:

Unappropriated profit

brought forward4851840 2823072 1886845

Transferred from surpluson revaluation of fixed

assets - net of tax

24586 24585 26074 0.0792 0.095 0.123

Profit available for

appropriation6177727 5977886 3675610 19.898 23.18 17.345

3. Review of Descriptive Information

Bank Al Falah Limited:

The financial statements prepared by the management, present fairly its state of affairs,

the results of its operating cash flow and changes in equity. All directors of the company

are registered as tax payers and none of them has default in payments of any loan to a

banking company. The auditors perform their audit in accordance with the auditing

standards as applicable in Pakistan. These standards require that they plan and perform

the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the above said statements are free

of any material misstatement. And in their opinion the consolidated financial statements

present fairly the financial position of Habib Bank Limited as at December 31, 2006,

2007 & 2008 and the results of its operations, its cash flows and changes in equity for the

year then ended in accordance with the approved accounting standards as applicable in

Pakistan.

The board of directors through its sub committee called Board Risk Management

Committee (BRMC) oversees the overall risk of the bank. RMD is the organizational arm

performing the functions of identifying, measuring, monitoring and controlling the

various risks and assists the Apex level committee and the various sub- committees in

conversion of policies into action.

Credit risk Management processes encompasses identification, assessment, measurement,

44


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monitoring and control of the credit exposures. The bank, as per State Bank of Pakistan

Guidelines, has migrated to baseII as on January, with the standardized approach.

4. Comparisons

Financial trend analysis is an applied, practical approach for monitoring the financial

condition of any company through the use of financial indicators. I shall use technique to

compare previous three-year period data and observes how they change. This would

permit an assessment of the current financial condition.

a) Trend Analysis

A firm's present ratio is compared with its past and expected future ratios to determine

whether the company's financial condition is improving or deteriorating over time. Trendanalysis studies the financial history of a firm for comparison. By looking at the trend of

a particular ratio, one sees whether the ratio is falling, rising, or remaining relatively

constant. This helps to detect problems or observe good management.

45


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TREND ANALYSIS


FOR THE YEARS 2006, 2007 & 2008

Performance Area 2006 2007 2008 Trend

a) Liquidity Ratios

Current Ratio1.06 1.10 1.06

Higher liquidity in

2007

Sales to Working Capital1.38 0.85 1.57 Increase in 2008

Working Capital 15276529 30128884 19741302 Lower liquidity in

2006

b) Leverage Ratios

Time Interest Earned 1.16 1.27 1.08Lower since 2008

Debt Ratio0.95 0.95 0.95

Leverage remain

same

Debt to Equity Ratio 24.91 22.71 22.72 Drops in leverage in

2008

Current Worth / Net worth

Ratio

1.2471.85 1.15 Higher during 2007

Total Capitalization Ratio 0.56148790

9

0.65233950

90.5299458 Increased during

2007

46


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Long term Assets versus

Long term Debt

1.01 0.46 0.63 Higher during

leverage in 2006

Debt Coverage Ratio 0.05532186

9

0.04835063

30.0508531 Lower coverage in

2007

c) Profitability Ratios

Net Profit Margin 0.08%0.12% 0.04%

Lower profitability

during 2006

Operating Income Margin 0.68773860

4

0.58633744

30.5437148

Increased

Profitability since

2006

Return on Assets 0.01277618

5

0.01035504

1 0.0038393 Lower ROA during

2007

Operating Assets Turnover2.41% 2.31% 2.19%

Lower efficiency

since 2008

Return on Operating Assets0.034 0.052 0.019

Lower efficiency in

2008

Sales to Fixed Assets2.017 times 2.16 times 2.25 times Lower in 2006

d) Activity Ratios:

Total Asset Turnover0.07 0.07 0.08

Higher efficiency

since 2008

e) Market Ratios:

Dividend per Share DPS00 00

1.21 Dividend announced

just in 2008

Earning Per Share- EPS3.525 4.815 1.627 Higher In 2007

Price / Earning Ratio0.54 0.68 0.49 Lower in 2008

Dividend Payout Ratio00 00 0.74

Good market

perceptions

Dividend Yield00 00 0.121

No Dividend in 2006

& 2007

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Book Value per Share2.11 2.11 1.82

Good market

perceptions

f) Statement of cash flow

Operating Cash Flow to TotalDebt

0.029 0.126 0.007 Lower in 2008

Operating Cash Flow per

Share15.70 60.99 3.12

Increased during

2007

b) Industry Averages and Comparisons with Competitors

The entire ratio has been compared through above mentioned comparisons and analysis.

Which include horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and trend analysis

c) Summary

Financial Statement Analysis is a method used by interested parties such as investors,

creditors, and management to evaluate the past, current, and projected conditions and

performance of the firm. This report mainly deals with the insight information of the two

mentioned companies. In the current picture where financial volatility is endemic and

financial intuitions are becoming popular, when it comes to investing, the sound analysis

of financial statements is one of the most important elements in the fundamental analysis

process. At the same time, the massive amount of numbers in a company's financial

statements can be bewildering and intimidating to many investors. However, through

financial ratio analysis, I tried to work with these numbers in an organized fashion and

presented them in a summarizing form easily understandable to both the management and

interested investors.

It is required by law that all private and public limited companies must prepare the

financial statements like, income statement, balance sheet and cash flow statement of the

particular accounting period. The management and financial analyst of the company

analyze the financial statements for making any further financial and administrative

decisions for the betterment of the company. Therefore, I select this topic, so that I have

done some solid financial analysis that will certainly help the management of review their

performance and also assist the interested people like investors and creditors. That as a

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financial analyst how can I make any important financial decision by analyzing the

financial statements of the company. Because, it is the primary responsibility of the

financial managers or financial analyst to manage the financial matters of the company

by evaluating the financial statements. I am also providing some important suggestions

and opinions about the financial matters of the business.

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