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218 LIVY, BOOK ONE
' the coc.trast, Tarquinio • • • Jiberatorem, tum this sentence into the passive.
1.14. regnatum (est), impersonal pass., 'there were kings '.I.14. ab condita • • • Jiberatam. The perf. parties. pass. are to be
rendered here by English nouns : ' from the foundation of the city to its liberation '.
I. 16. coDSUles. Actually these two magistrates who took over the functions of the kings were called praetoxs until the time of the decemvirate.
l. 16. comitiis centuriatis, ' at the assembly by centuries '. It is
Liv oo \t
II
tM VOCABULARY
(In the following vocabulary only irregular vwbs are given their principal parls infall. Othwwiu thll filwu (1), (2), (3), (4),foUowing 11 vwb diinou that ii is 11 raplar ex11mpla of that crmjucatirm. No conjucation numbw is given in Iha casa of -io vwbs liu capio. Refwmcu are lo section nos.)
very doubtful whether this assembly was in existence at this time.See the notes on Chap. 43, ll. 30, 37, 43·
1. 16. a praefecto urbis. The praefectus is presiding over the election in the capacity of interrex. The latter name is actually given by one historian Dionysius ( V, 84) to Lucretius, father of Lucretia.
1. 17. elC commentariis, r in accordance with the memoranda of
S.T.'
a. ab, P.,afJ. with abl., from, by ; on,
in consequence of, after.abdo, -ere, -didi, -cllmm (3), con
ceal, bide away.abduco, -ere, -clmi, -clucmm (3),
lead away.abeo, -ire, -ii, -itum, go away,
depart ; 'Withdraw.abhorreo (2), shrink from.abigo, -ere, -egi, -actum (3), drive
away.ablego (1), send away. abnuo, -ere, -ui (3), refuse.abolesco, -ere, -Javi (3), vanish, dis-
appear.Aborigines, -um, m.pl., the earliest
inhabitants of Italy.abrogo (1), cancel, take away,
abrogate.abaem, -mis, absent.abaolvo, -ere, -TI. -utum (3),
acquit.abaonua, -a, -um, out of harmony,
incompatible.abatergeo, -ere, -Ii, -IUDl (2), wipe
away.almin.eo, -ere, -ui, -enmm (2),
forego ; refrain from attacking.
abmlli, SH auferu,
abmm, -eae, afui, be absent, distant.
abUJldam, -antis, excessive, super-fluous.
abundo (1), overflow. ac, ue atque.acceclo, -ere, -cessi, -cessum (3), go
to, approach, be joined, added to. accemlo, -ere, -di, -sum (3), set on
fire, or ablaze, inflame.accemeo, -ere, -ui, -mum (2),
reckon among.acer, -eris, -ere, sharp, keen ;
fierce, violent.accingo, -ere, -mi, -nctum (3),
prepare for action.accio (4), summon ; invite (35. 3). accipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, re
ceive, admit, adopt (32. 14)hear, be told.
acceptus, -a, -um, popular, wet.come, acceptable.
accola, -ae, m., neighbour. accuao (r), accuse• ..Achivi, -arum, m. pl., the Greeb.
acies, -ei, f., line of battle, pitched battle, mmy ; acie, in the
field.acriter, adv., keenly, vigorously.Actiacu.s, -a, -um, of Actium.
Q 219
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220 LIVY, BOOK ONE
VOCABULARY 221
ad, f'J'sf'. with acc., to, at, for, near ; towards, until, in answer to : corresponding to.
adaequo (1), level.adclaro (1), manifest.adcresco, -ere, -crevi, -cretum (3),
grow, increase.addico, -en, -xi, -ctum (3), (of
omsn) give assent, be favourable. adduco, -ere, -:si, -ctum (3),
bringto, develop (into).
adedo, -ere, -edi, -eaum (3), eat up,consume.
adeo, adv., to such a degree, so. adeo, -ire, -ii, -Uum, approach. adequito (1), ride ·up to.adfecto (1), aim at, aspire to : seek.adfero, -ferre, a"'1li, -latum, bring
forward ; strike (#an'M) into.adflcio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, atiect ;
with poem, punish.adtlnitas, -tatis, /., connection by
marriage.adflrmo (1), affirm, strengthen,
establish.adfilgo, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3), aftlict,
distress, crush.adgreclior, -i, -gressum, attack
: advance.adbibeo (2), invite, apply ; em
ploy (7. 12).adhortor (l), encourage.adicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, add,
apply ; turn (20. l).adimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3),
take away (with dal.). adipilcor, -i, adeptus (3), obtain. adiactio, -ion.is, f., addition.adiungo, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3), add.adiuvo, -are, -iuvi, -intum
(1), assist.
adlicio, -en, -lui, -leatu.m, allure.entice, attract.
ad1oquinm. -i, ts., address, speech.adloquor, -i, -locutus (3), address,
speak to. .administro (1), administer, govmn. admiratio, -ionis, f., admiration. admiror (1), wonder at, admire. admitto, -ere, -misi, -:miasum (3),
approve.admodum, adv., greatly, very.admoneo (2), remind.admonitus, -us, m., advice, in-
stance, suggestion.admoveo, -ere, -movi, -motum (2)
bring up.adnitor, -i,-lCUI (IUI) (3), strive.adnuo, -ere, -ui, -mum (3), nod.adoleaco, -ere, -evi, -ultum (3),
grow up.adoperio, -ire, -ui, -erlum (4),
coverup.
admior (4), attack.adomo (1), distinguish, honol(r. adpeto, -ere, -ii(in), -itum (3), aim
at ; intrans., approach.adprobo (1), approve.adquiro, -ere, -sivi, -mum (3).
gain.acquire.
adsciaco, -ere, -scivi, -ICimm (3),adopt.
adsentio, -ire, -si, -sum (4), agree.adsid111111, -a, -um, perpetual.adsoleo (2), only 3rd pws., be wont. adsto -are, -stiti (I), stand before. adsuefacio, -ere, -feci, -factum,
accustom.adsuesco, -ere, -81lni, -suetum
(3),become accustomed.
adsum, -1111118, -fui, be present.
help,assist (oftsn with dal.)
adsumo, --.., -mpsi, -mptum (3),
enrol ; assume.adulescem, -mis, m., young man,youth.
adulter, -eri, ni., adulterer. adulterium,. -i, n., adultery. adUDCUll, -a, -um, hooked.advena, -ae, c., foreigner ; as adj.,
foreign.advenio, -ire, -VllDi, -ventum (4),
anive.adventus, -us, m., anival, coming. adveraor (1), resist (oftsn with dal.). ad'l8l'IUll, -a, -um, facing, opposing ;
adYerBa pugna, defeat.adver&WI,prsp. with acc., and
adv.,towards, against. in face of (2.
4). advoco (1), summon.aediflca&io, -ionis, j., building. aecllflcium, -i,n., building. aediflco (1), build, build on.aedes, or aei1ia, -is, f., temple : ftl
pl., house.aeger, -gra, -grum, sick.aegre, adv., with difficulty ;
with pati, fern, to feel aggrieved or resentment at, to feel vexed at.
aegriludo, -inis, /., mortification, melancholy.
aemulatio, -ioms,f., act of rivalling. aemulor (1), aspire to.Aeneas, -ae, m., Aeneas.A.tmeas Sllviua, -ae, -i, m.,
Aeneas Silvius.amuma, -a, -um, of copper or
bronze.
aequalill, .:.e, equal ; as noun,friend (of same age).
aequaliter, adv., equally.Aequi, -arum, m. pl., the Aequi
(Itali11n trib1).
.Aequicoli, -arum, m.pl.,the Aequi- coli.
aequo (1), equalise ; equal, match. aequus, -a, -um, level, even ; equal.aes, aeris, n.,copper ; money, asses.&etas, -ta.tis, f., age, generation,
period,tinle, youth.age dum, inlerjemon, come.ager, agri, m., land, territory,
field, country.agger, -eris, m., mound.agitatio, -ionis,f.,play (of weapons). agito (1), ponder, think over °" of.agmen, -inis, n., column, band
; procession (29. 5).agnosco, -ere, -novi, -nitum (3),
recognise.ago, -ere, egi, actum (3), do, drive,
carry along (1. 4) ; spend (ofmp,32. 3) : hold (offsslival).agrestis, -e, rustic ; as noun,
peasant, countryman..Agrippa, -ae, m., Agrippa (Alban
king).aio, rlsfscl. 11b., say.ala, -ae, /., wing..Alba, -ae, m., Alba (Alban king)..Alba Longa, f., Alba Longa..Albanus, -a, -um, Alban, of Alba. album, -i, n., white tablet.a1ea, -ae, j., hazard.ales, -itis, c., bird.alias, adv., at other times ;
other wise.alienigena, -ae, c., foreigner. alienus, -a, -um, of others, strange
(SS. 7) ; inappropriate (20.3) ;as noun, stranger, alien.
alio, adv., in another direction. aliqwundiu, adu., for some timo. aliqU&Ddo, adv., sometimes.
:z:z:z LIVY, BOOK ONEVOCABULARY 223
aliquanto, adv., considerably. aliquantum, adv., considerably. aliquanms, -a, -um, considerable ;
aliquan\um spatii. for some c:ollsiderable distance (2s. 8).
aliqui, -ae, -quod, some, any. aliqnis, -quid, some one cw thing. aliquot, indaclin., some, several aliquotillDll, adv., several times. allier, adv., otherwise.alius, -a, -um, other, difierent,
another ; alii • • • alii, some • • •others.
alluvies, -ei, f., Inundation, over-flow.
alo, -ere, alui, altum (3), support,keep, maintain.
Alp1111, -ium, f.pl., the Alps.alte, adv., deeply, deep ; on high.alter, -a, -um, one of two, other,
one's neighbour.altercatio, -ioniB, f., altercation.alms, -a, -um, high ; deep.alveus, -i, m., hollow vessel,
basket. 'ambagel, -ium, f. pl., riddle
;tacitae &Dlbages, unspoken enigmas ; baud per ambages, in uoeuigmatical fashion.
ambigo, -ere (3), argue.&mbmo, -ionis, f., currying of
favour.ambitiose, adv., by canvassing. ambitioaus, -a, -um, canvassing.ambo, -ae, -o, both.&mllJlll, -ntia, frantic, infatuated.Ameriola, -ae, f., Ameriola (lawn
of PrUci Latinil.amicitla, -ae, f., friendship.amicwl, -i,m., friend.
· amigro (I), emigrate.
amitto, -ere, -mid, -miuum (3),lose.
amnis, -ill,m., river.amo (1), love, like. amor, -oris, m., love.amplector, -i, -plans, (3) cla.sp,
embrace.ampliflco (1), enlarge. amplimdo, -inill,f.. grandeur. amplius, adv., more (than).amp11111, -a, -um, large, grand.Amuliua, -1, m., Amulius (lri"f of
.i.llb11).an, or, whether (in 
arceo, -ere, -ui, -ctum (2), repel,save.
arcesso, -ere, -ivi, -itum (3), sum- mon.
arcuatua, -a, -um, covered, tilted..Ardea, -ae, j., Ardea.ardeo, -ere, -Bi, -111111l (2), burn. ardor, -ods, m., ardour, eagerness. area, -ae, f., open space, site (38. 7,
SS· 2).Argei, -orum, m. pl., -. "'111 on
21. S·argantum, -i,n., silver.Argiletum, -i, n., Argi1etum (dis
lricl of Roma).argao, -en, -ui, -utum (3), allege,
charge ; censure (28. 6).Aricia, -ae, f..Aricia.Aricinus, -a, -um, of Aricia. lilies, -etil, m., battering-ram.arma, -orum, n.pl., arms ; shields.&l'JDllJltum, -1, "··herd.armiDa, -ae, f., bracelet.amw (1), arm ; armati, m. pl.,
armed men. in arms.aro (1), plough.arripio, -ere, -ui, -eptum, seize. A.mms, -ntia, m., Amms (son of
Demaralus and brother of L. Tar pinius PrUcus).
an, artia,f. , art, skill ;pl.,qualities, studies.
act, arda,f., citadel, stronghold..Ascanilll, -1, m., Ascanius (son of
A111111S).Asia, -ae, f., Asia (Minor).aspemor (I), disdain, reject.uylum, -i, n., sanctuary, place of
refuge.at, conj., but, still, theu.atque, and, and moreover.
c
224
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 225
atqui, and yet, but.atrox, -ocis, fierce, revolting, hor
rible (26. 5), frightful (58. 5).attonitus, -a, -um, bewildered,
annoyed.attribuo, -ere, -ui, -utum (3), assign,
deliver.Attus, -i,m., Attus.Atys, -yos, m., Atys (Alban king). auctor, -oris, m., instigator, pro-
poser, author, authority ; coun sellor (1. 1), doer (58. 9), convener (51. 4) ; auctor fio, I authorise ( +in +1JCc.).
auctoritas, -tatis, /., influence. audacia, -ae, /., boldness ; enter
prise (46. 6) ; assurance (48. 1.)audeo, -ere, ausus sum (2), S11mi
,up., dare, venture.audio (4), hear.aufero, -ferre, abstuli, abla\um,
take away, remove, steal (58. 8). aufugio, -ere, -fugi, flee away, run. augeo, -ere, -xi, -ctum (2), in-
crease ; strengthen. exalt. augur, -uris, m., augnr.augnrato, adv.,after auspices taken.augurium, -i, n., augury. auguror (1), take auspices.augustus, -a, -um, reverend, majes-
tic ; venerable (29. 5). Augustus, -i, m., Augustus. aureus, -a, -um, golden, of gold. aurora, -ae, /., dawn.aurom, -i,n., gold.auspicato, adv., after auspice-tak
ing.auspicium, -i, n., auspice, omen. aut, or, either ; aut • • • aut, either
• • • or.autem, but, moreover.
amilium, -i, n., aid, help. avarllia, -ae, /., rapacity, greed.aveho, -ere, -van -vectum (3).
cany away ; inptJSs., ride away. Aventinum, -i,n., the Aventine.Aventinus, -i,m.,Aventinus -(Alban
king).Aveminus, -a, -um, Aventine. averto, -ere, -ti, -sum (3), tum
away ; appropriate (7. 5).aversus, -a, -um, turned away ;
turned the other way (7 5).avidus, -a, -um, desirous, greedy.avis, -is, f., bird.avitus, -a, -um, of fL grandfather.avoco (1), summon away. avolo (1), fiy away.aVUilculUS, -i, m., uncle.avus, -i, m., grandfather.
baculum, -i, n., staff.bellator, -oris, m., warrior.bellicosus, -a, -um, warlike.bellicus, -a, -um, of or belonging to
war.bellum, -i,n., war.bene, adv., wellbeneflcium, -i, n., benevolent
ac·tion, benefaction, kindness,favour.
benigne, adv., kindly. benignitas, -tatis, /•• kindness.benignus, -a, -um, kind, kindly,
good-natured.bigae, -arum, f. pl., pair of
horses.bini, -ae, -a, two each.bis, adv., twice.blande, adv., courteously, graci-
ously.blanditia, -ae, /., flattery.
blandus, -a, -um, flattering, agreeable.
bonus, -a, -um, good ; n.pl., goods,property.
bos, bovis, c., bull, cow, ox.bracchium, -i,n., arm. brevi,·adv., soon. brevis, -e, short.Brutus, -i,m., L.J'llllius Brutus.
cacumen, -inis, n., top, peak.Cacus, -i,m., Cacus.
-ere, cecidi, casum (3),
caecus, -a, -um, blind.caedes, -is, f., slaughter,
murder,loss ; death (59. 8).
caedo, -ere, cecidi, caesum (3) killslay. • '
caelebs, -ibis, munarried.caelestis, -e, heavenly, of or from
heaven ; divine ; inpl., tJS noun=the gods.
Caelius, -a, -um, Caelian.caelum, -i,n.,heaven.Caeninenses, -ium, m. pl., men of
Caenina.Caeninus, -a, -um, of Caenina. Caere, n., indtJcl., Caere (town its
Etruria).caerimonia, -ae, /., ceremony;
ob servance.Caesar, -aris, m., Caesar (liUti of lbs
Roman Emparors).Camena, -ae, /., Ca.mena (Italian
musa).Cameria, -ae, J., Cameria (town i1i
Lanum).campus, -i,m., plain.cano, -ere, ceclni, cantum (3), sing,
prophesy, sound.
Capena (porta), -ae, /., the Capene Gate (in Rome).
capesso, -ere, -ivi, -itum (3), take to(of flight).
Capetus, -i, m., Capetus (Albanking). ·
capillus, -i, m., hair.capio, -ere, cepi, captum, take, take
up, form or adopt (11 plan) ; capture ; choose.
capitalis, -e, involving life, capital.Capitolinus, -i, m., the Capitoline
(hill).Capitolium, -i,n., the Capitol. Capra, -ae, f., Capra (11 pool in
Campus Marlius).captivus, -a, -um, captive ; tJS noun,
captive.caput, -itis, n., head ; capital ;
leader.Capys, -yos, m.,Capys (Alban king).carcer,.-eris, m., prison.caritas, -tatis, f., affection.carmen, -inis, n., formula
; prophecy ; hymn:Carmenta,-ae,/.,"'ca.n:iienta (Roman
goddess of prophscy) ."carpentum, -i,n., carriage. carus, -a, -um, dear.castigator, -oris, m., chider.castitas, -tatis, J., purity, chas-
tity.castra, -orum, n. pl., camp.castus, -a, -um, chaste, pure.casus, -us, m., fall ; chance,
destiny.eaten&, -ae, f., chain.cauda, -ae, f., tail.causa, -ae,/., cause ; abl.,
causi,for the sake (of). ·cavo (1), hollow.
226 LIVY, BOOK ONEVOCABULARY 227
oedo, -ere, C8111i, Olllll1Ull (3), retire, yield.
celeber, -bris, -bre, famous.celebro (1), celebrate ; attend
(22. 5).Celeres, -um, m. pl., the Celeres
(bodyguard of RomultU ). celeriter, adv., quickly. celo (1), conceal.ceua, -ae, j., dinner.ceno (1), dine.CllDll801 -ere, -ui, -JISUJll (2), rate,
take the census ; think, propose. C8DBWI, -us, m., census, rating,
rateable property.centesimus, -a, -um, hundredth. cen&um, hundred.ceJdmia, -ae,f., a century.C8Jlt1uiata, -arum, n.pl. (comitia),
iassembly by centuries.centurio, -iouis, m., centurion. cera, -ae, f., (waxed) tablet.cerno, -ere, crevi, cretum (3), per
ceive.ceitamen, -inia, n.,contest, struggle,
conflict.certatim, adv., with rivalry, en-
thusiastically.clllie, adv., at any rate.ceno (1), fight, vie, struggle.certus, -a, -um, certain, fixed ;
unmistakable ; unquestioned (23. 9).
C8110 (1), be dull, wanting.ceterum, conj., but.ceteras, -a, -um, the rest of ; rest,
remaining ; the others.cibus, -i,m., food.ciao, -ere, civi, citum (2), rouse.
pugnam ciere, to lead the fight ing.
cingo, -ere, -xi,-ctum (3), surround.Circa, -ae, f., Circe.circa, pr,p. with ac&., afUl aria.,
around, on both sides ; near by. circamoerium, ' the part on both
sides of the wall' ·Cireeii, -arum, m. pl., Circeli (town
in Lalium).circumago, ..... -egi, -actum (3),
wheel ; ·inpass., revolve. circumduco, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3),
lead around.circumdo, -are, -c1edi, -c1atum
(I), put or station round ; in pass., surround.
circumeo, -ire, -ii,-itum, go round ;canvass (47. 7).
circumfero, -fmn, -'111i, -la&um, carry or lead round, parade (38. 4).
circumfumlo, -ere, -fudi, -fasum (3), shed or pour round.
circumBaepio, -ire, -si, -tum (4),fence round.
circumsiato, -ere, -steti or nw (3),surround.
circumspicio, -ere, -1pai, -lp8Chlm,look round for.
circumno, -an, -ateti (1), standround, surround.
circumveDio, -ire, -veni, -ventum (.f), surround.
circus, -i, m., circus.cito (1), hasten ; summon ; equo citato, afUl in pl., at full gallop. citra, /mp. with ac&., afUl adv.,
onthis side oL
civilis, -e, civil. civil, -is, c., citizen.chitu, -ta.tis, f., community,
citizenship.
a1a4es, -J,t, j., disaster.clam, aria., secretly.lllamlto (1), cry repeatedly.clamor, -oria, m., shout, cry ; up-
roar (41.1). _ clandestinu, -a. -um, hidden. chmgor, -orii, m., scream.clarua, -a, -um, famous, glorious.cluais, -is, f., 1leet, class (in cni-
luriu).claudo, -ere, -al, -llUill (3), shut.clava, -ae, /., club.c1emem, -mis, merciful.clipeum, -i, n., or -us. m.,
(round) shield.clinur, -f, m., slope.cloaca, -ae, j., sawer.C1oelii, -arum, m. pl., the Cloelii
(Albanfamily).muWus, -i,m., Cluilius (Alban king). muWus, -a, -um, of Cluilins. coalesco, -ere, -alui, -alitum. (3),
combine, become united.coepi, -iase, began.coepmm, -i, n., undertaking.coerceo (2), restrain.coetus, -us, m., gathering, class. cogitatio, -ionia, j., thought. copatu, -a, -um, kindred, related :
also as tlOlm, kindred.copmio,-icmis,j.,legalinvestigation.cognomen, -inia, n., (family) name
; surname ; nickname.cognosco, -ere, -novi, -nitum (3),
learn, recognise.cogo, -ere, coegi, coac&um (3), col
lect, compel ; force (58. 9).OoDatia, -ae, f., Collatia (a city).Collatinm, -a, - of Collatia ; as
tro11a, man of Collatia ; in 57. 7,.. arquiniu Ooll•'hms.
colligo (z), tie together.colligo, -ere, -legi, conlectum,
gather together, collect. collis, -is, m., hillcolloco (1), place, station.colo, -ere, oolui, cultum (3), culti-
vate, study ; celebrate; serve. colonia, -ae, f., colony.olonus, -i,m., colonist.
columna, -ae, f., pillar.comes, -itis, c., companion, com
rade.comis, -e, courteous, biendly. comiaatio, -ionis, f., revelling,
carousal.comitas, -ta.tis, j., courtesy. comit&tu, -WI,m., attendant. comiw,atlv.,courteously, politely ;
in a friendly spirit (22. 5).comWa, -iorum, ts. pl., assembly ;
elections.eommeatu, -WI,m., furlough. commentarim, -i, m., memoranda. commentum, -i,n., invention. commercium, -i,n., intercourse. commigro (1), settle at ; remove
(intrans.). ·comminus, atlv., at close quarters. committo, -ere, -misi, -:misaum (3),
entrust.commoditu, -ta.tis, f., convenience. commodum, -i,n., gain, advantage. communia, -e, common, shared. communiter, atlv., in common ; in
co-operation (45. 2).compar, -is, equal.comparo (1), make zeady ; prepare
for (war) (36. 2) ; procure.compello, -ere, -puli, -p (3),
drive together ; concentrate.complector, -i, -ezus (3), embrace.
-mo
228 UVY, BOOK ONE
VOCABULARY 229
compleo, -ere, -evi, -etum (2) fill comploratio, -icmis, j., lamentation. compono, -ere, -posui, -positum (3),
compose ; ex compllllito, by agreement, by preconceived plan.
compoa, -otis, in possession "'enjoyment of.
comprehando, -ere, -di, -•um (3),Beize ; arrest.
comprimo, -ere, -preasi, -preuum (3), crush ; quell (of riof).
conatua, -us, m., attempt.concedo, -ere, -ceasi, -cll8BUJll. (3),
yield.concelebro (1), celebrate or keep (11
festival).concieo, -ere, -ai'ri, -citum (2). col
lect (11 crowtl), draw together ; provoke (6o. 2).
CODcilio (1), win over, win.conc:ilium, -l, n., assembly,
meet ing.concipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, con
ceive ; draw up, formulate.concilo (1), rouse, whip up (28. 10).conclamo (1), shout ; lament, wail
(58. 12).conconlia, -u,f., harmony. concora, -clis, in harmony or con
cord.concupisco, -ere, -ii, -itnm (3),
long for, covet.CODCIUTO, -ere, -cuni, -cursum (3),
charge (25. 3) ; muster. cOD.CUrllUll, -us, m.,rush, encounter.condemno (1), condemn ; find
guilty (26. 8).cOJUtico, -ere, -mo -ctum (3),
makedemands on.
comlitor, -oris, m., founder ; ori
ginator.condo, -ere, -didi, -ditum (3), found;
close.confero, -ferre, -\uli, -latum, bring
together, collect, compare ; con tn'l>ute. signa conferre, to join battle.
confeasio, -iouia, /., acknowledg ment.
confe&ti:m, adv., immediately. con!cio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, make,
accomplish ; dispatch (25. 10).coufl.do, -ere, -&us ll1Ull (3), semi
dap., feel confident, trust.conflagro (1), bum, be consumed
(wit/a jirt1).coDfligo, -ere, -ctum (3). fight. coufl.uente&, -ium, m. pl., the con-
11uence of the Tiber and the Anio.
confugio, -ere, -fugi, fiy, Bee for refuge ; have recourse.
confnndo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum (3),confuse, merge.
congero, -ere, -gesal, -gutum (3), heap up.
congredior, -i, -gressua sum, meet. congrego (1), collect ; in pass. ,
11.ock together.ccmgremnu, -us, m., meeting. congruo, -ere, -ni (3), agree. ccmicio, -ere, -ieai -iectum, hurl,
Bing ; se conicere, to plunge(12. 10).
conitor, -l,-nixna or nisuB (3), m:ertoneself fully. .
coniungo, -ere, -innm, -innctum (3), unite ; join on to ; make to touch.
conimrr, -iugis, c.,husband or wife conimator, -oris, m.• conspirator. coniuro (1), conspire.conlaudo (1), praise highly.
ccmligo, SU colligo.c:onloquium, -i, ti., conference,
parley.conor (1), try, attempt.conqueror, i,-qU1Btua (3), complain
bitterly of.conquiesco, -ere, -qnievi, -qnietum
(3), remain at rest. eomaluto (1), salute, greet.consanguinitas, -ta.tis, /., blood
relationship.cOD.Bcendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3),
mount.cOD.BCisco, -ere, -scivi, -scitum (3),
approve.eOD.Bciua, -a, -um, conscious.conscm11o, -ere, -acriplli, -acriptum
(3), enrolconsecro (1), consecrate.OCID.llllD.BU8, -US, m., unanimity, har
mony, agreement.con&entio, -ire, -ai, -ll1Ull (4). agree ;
inpass., be agreed upon.cOD.Bequor, -l, -1ecutua (3), over
take.COD.Blll'O, -ere, -ui, -tum (3), join ;
manus COD.Berere, to engage in fight.
consido, -ere, -aedi, -1eaum (3), sitdown, seat oneself.
cODllilium, -J, n., design, plan, measure, counsel ; contrivance.
comido, -ere, -stiti (3), take one'sstand.
comocio (1), unite, assume as abody.
CODB01or (1), console.COlllp8Ctus, -us, m., sight.compicio, -ere, -IJIUi, -apectum.
behold : look an (47. 5).ccmspicuus, -a, -um, conspicuous.
-
constituo, -ere, -ni, -utum (3), determine, establish, institute ; settle (46. 5).
coD.Bto, -are, -stiti, -atatum, become static ; imp.rsonal, itisagreed or allowed.
construo, -ere, -ctum (3), con struct, build.
Oomualia, -ium, n. pl., festival inhonour of Consus.
COD.BUUCO, -ere, -IUevi, -metum (3).ai:.custom;inperj., be accustomed.
COD.BU), -u]js, m•• consul.consulo, -ere, -ui, -tum (3),
con sult ( +acc.) ; consult interests of ( +dat.).
eonsullo (1), consider. consultus, -a, -um, lea.med. coniagio, -ionis, f., infection. contamino (1), pollute, stain.contemno, -ere, -tam.psi, -temptum
(3). despise.contemptua, -us, m., contempt ;
nglect (56. 7).cc.ntendo, -ere, -di, -tum (3),
con tend, assert ; hasten, fight.
eontentua, -a, -um, satisfied.continena, -:atis, continuous, un
broken.conlineo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), hold in
check.contingo, -ere, -tigi, -tactum
(3), befall, fall to one's lot ; osculo contingere, to kiss.
continuo (1), make continuous. continuus, -a, -um, continuous,
successive.contio, -ionis,/., meeting, assembly. contionor (1), address (a mt1eting). contra, f>rl/J. with acc. un4 adv.,
against ; on the other hand ;
230 LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARYopposite ; contra iutueri (16. 6), gaze on him face to face.
contraho, -ere, -trui, -tractum (3),draw together.
contumelia, -ae,f., indignity, insult. conubium, -i, n., marriage. convalesco, -ere, -ui (3), grow
strong. . convallis, -is, f., valley.conveho, -ere, -vui, -vectmn
(3),collect.
convBDio, -ire, -veni, -ventum (4), come together ; ( +aci;.), meet ; be agreed upon (3. 5, 24. 2).
converto, -ere, -ti, -sum (3), divert, attract attention of.
convivium, -i, n., entertainment ;banquet.
coorior, -iri, -ortua (4). rlse.copia, -ae, f., plenty ; '" /Jl.,
forces.cor, cordis, n., heart.coram, prep. with abl., and adv., in
the presence (of).Corinthius, -a, -um, Corinthian, of
Corinth.Corinthus, -i,f., Corinth. comeua, -a, -um, of horn.comeus, -a, -um, of cornel-wood. comicen, -cinis, m., horn-blower. Comiculum, -i, n., Corniculum. cornu, -us, n., hom, wing (of an
army).corpus, -aria, n., person, body. corrumpo, -ere, -rupi, -ruptum (3),
bn"be.corruo, -ere, -ui, fall (lifekss). cos, cotis, f., whetstone. cratia,-is,f.,hurdles.creber, -bra, -brum, thick ; thickly
(31.2).
credo, -ere, -clidi, -ditum (3), be lieve, trust ; believe in (oftm with dat.).
cremo (1), burn.creo (1), elect, appoint.creaco, -ere, crevi, cretum (3),
grow.Creuaa, -ae, f., Creusa (wife of
Aeneas).crimen, -inis, n., accusation. criminatio, -ionia, f..incrimination. criminor (1), accuse.crinis, -is, m., hair.Croton, -is, f., Croton (S. Italian
Gity).cruciatua, -us, m.,torture.crudelis, -e, cruel.crudelltaa, -tatia,f., cruelty. cruentua, -a, -um, bloody. cruor, -oria, m., blood, gore.Cruatumerium, -i, n.,
Crostumeri-um.
Cruatumini, -orum, m. pl., men ofCrustumerium.
cubiculum, -i,n., bedroom.culmen, -inis, n., top, roof. culpa, -ae, f., fault, error.culter, -tri, m., knife.cultua, -us, m., worship ; style,
fashion (39. 3) ; use, occupation(44. 4).
cum, i;onj., when, since, although. cum • • • tum, not only • • • but
also both ...and.cum, prep. with abl., with,
togetherwith.
cumulus, -1, m., heap.cunctanter, adv., with delay or
hesi
tation.cunctor (1), delay, hesitate. cupiditaa, -tatia,f,,desire, ambition.
cupido, -inis,f., desire, ambition. cupidus, -a, -um, desirous.cupio, -ere, -ivi, -itum, desire.cura, -ae, f., care, anxiety, con-
cern, attention ; management ;foreboding (56. 4).
Cures, -ium, pl., m. or j., Cures (aSabi1111 town).
curia, -ae, f., curia, ward ; senatehouse.
Cmiatii, -orum, m.pl., the Curiatii.curo (1), carry out, deal with
(20. 7) ; heal (of.wounds).curro, -ere, cucurri, cursum (3), run.currus, -us, m., chariot.curaua, -us, m., running, rnsh,
phase ; effuao CU1'llU (37. 4), in scattered rout.
Curtius, -i, m., Mettius Curtius(Sabi1111 Chia!).
curulis, -e, curule.custoaia, -ae, j., custody, protec
tion.custoa, -oclia, e., guard, sentinel.Cypriua, -a, -um, Cyprius (name of
sired in Rome). ·
(daps) dapia, j., (nol found in sg.),feast.
de, prep. with abl., from, concern- ing, for, about.
dea, -ae, f., goddess.debeo (2), owe.decedo, -ere, -ceBSi, -CllBBUDl (3), die.decem, ten.deceo (2), impwson., it becomes,
befits.decemo, -ere, -crevi, -cretum (3),
decide, decide (Iha issua), fight it out ; decree.
decipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, de' ceive.
declaro (1), declare. declino (1), tum aside.decoro (1), adom ; decoratua
(26. lo), trophy-laden.decorus, -a, -um,
appropriate, becoming, suitable.decuria, -ae, j., decury.decurro, -ere, -curri, -cursum (3),
run down.decuraua, -us, m., charge.decua, -oris, n., ornament,
honour, distinction.decutio, -ere, -cuaai, ,..cussmn,
strikeoft.
dedecua, -aria n., disgrace ; the(threat of) dishonour (58. 4).
dedico (1), dedicate, appoint. deditio, -ionia, j., surrender.dedo, -ere, -didi, -ditum (3), give
up, surrender ; devote.deduco, -ere, -duzi, -ductum
(3). guide, conduct ; (of eolonies) plant.
defectio, -ionia, j., revolt.defendo, -ere, -ell, -nsum (3), defend. defero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, carry
down or to ; ofter ; report.deflcio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, fail ;
fall away.deflgo, -ere, -bi, -hum (3),
plunge;overwhelm (29. 3).
deformia, -e, hideous.defungor, -i, -functua (3), finish off
(with abl.).degenero (1), degenerate. dego, -ere, degi (3), live. dehinc, adv., from here.deicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, throw
or strike down.
-
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 233
deiD, sae deinde.deiDcepa, adv., next, successively.deinde, adv.,then, next ; aftertbat,
therefore ; afterwards ; sub sequently.
delabor, -i, -lapBUB (3), glide down.delenio (4), soothe, mitigate.deb"berabundus, -a, -um, plunged
inthought.
deliberatio, -ionis, f., reflection. delictum, -i,n., sin, wrong.deligo, -ere, -legi, -lectum (3), se
lect.delinquo, -ere, -liqui, -lictum (3),
offend.Delphi, -orum, m. pl., Delphi (in
.Greece).delubnun, -i,n., shrine. demaDdo (1), entrust. Demaratus, -i,m., Demaratus.demergo, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3), send
underground.demitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3),
send down ; in pass., descend ; sink (34. 8). .
demo, -ere, dempsi, demptum (3),take away, remove.
demum, adv., at last. deni, -ae, -a, ten each.denique, adv., lastly, in short,
finally.denBUB, -a, -um, thick.depono, -ere, -posui, -positam (3),
lay down or aside.tleprehendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3),
seize. .descendo, :-ere, -di, -sum (3), de
scend ; penetrate, (19. 5).descisco, -ere, -scivi, -scitum (3),
revolt.describo, su cliscribo, copy. desero, -ere, -ui, -mm. abandon, neglect,
desert.deses, -idis, inactive. desiderium, -i,n., regret, loss. desido, -ere, -sedi (3), sink.designo (1), mark out.desiato, -ere, -stiti (3), desist. despondeo, -ere, -di, -sum (2), be-
troth.destino (1), destine.destimo, -ere, -ui, -tum (3), desert,
baulk (51.5).desuetwlo, -inis, f., disuse.desum, -ease, -fui, be wanting or
lacking.determino (1), mark oft, delimit. detineo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), with-
hold, keep back.deus, -i,m., god. deveraorium, -i, n., lodging. deverticulum, -i,n., lodging.devinco, -ere, -vici, -1ictum (3),
defeat utterly.devolvo, -ere, -volvi, -volutum (3),
roll down ; inpass., sink.dexter, -tra, -trlun, right.dextra, or dextera, -ae, f., right
hand.dextere, adv., skilfully. Dialis, -e, of Jupiter. Diana, -ae, f., Diana.Diauium, -i,n., shrine of Diana.dicio, -ionis, f., sovereignty, power.dico (1), dedicate.dico, -ere, -:id, -ctum (3), say, call,
give name.dictator, -oris, m., dictator ; Alban
magistrate.dictito (I), exclaim. 'dictum, -i,n., word ; dicfio audiens,
obedient.
dies, -ei, m.orf.,day ; in dies, dayby day.
di1fero, -ferre, distuli, dilaWm, putoff, postpone. diflloilis, -e,
difficult.difllciliter, adu., with difficulty. diflldo, -ere, -Jlsus sum (3), umi-
il8p., distrust (often with dal.).iligiius, -i,m., :finger.diguitu, -ta.tis, J., worth, rank, -
honour, dignity.dignus, -a, -um, worthy (ojt871 with
abl.).cligredior, -i,-gressus, depart.cligressus, -us, m., departure, with
drawal.dilatio, -ionis, f., delaying. dimicatio,
-ionis, f., contest,struggle, fight ; trial of strength.
dimico (1), fight.dimitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3),
dismiss.dirigo, -ere, -e:D, -ectum (3),
m:range.dirimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3),
break off ; put off.cliruo, -ere, -ui, -utum (3), pull
down, demolish.disceptator, -oris, m., arbitrator.cliscerpo, -ere, -psi, -ptum (3), tear
inpieces.cliscindo, -ere, -scidi, -scissum (3),
cleave.disciplina, -ae, f., discipline, sys-
tem ; insb-uction (28. 9). disco, -ere, didici (3), learn.cliscribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum (3), divide.discribo, -ere, -psi, -ptum (3),
discrim·en, ' , ,, n.,
di.
sti.
ncti.
on ;
I
decisive or critical point. discurro, -ere, -curri, -cursum (3),dart.
dispar, -paris, unlike.clispenso (x), order.clispliceo (2), displease (often with
dal.).dissero, -ere, -ui, -tum. discourse,
utter.atgjmilis, -e, unlike.dissimulo (1), conceal.dissonus, -a, -um,
discordant, different.distendo, -ere, -di. -tum (3), stretch
out.disto (x), be separate or distant.clistraho, -ere, -:id, -ctum (3), pull
asunder.clistn'buo, -ere, -i,-utum (3), divide. clistn'butio, -ionis, f., distn'bu
tion.dito (x), enrich ; in pass., to enrich
oneself (57. 1).diu, adu., by day ; for a long time. cliuturnus, -a, -um, of long dura
tion.divendo, -ere, -venditum (3), sell
piecemeal.diveraus, -a, -um, diverse, opposite. dives, divitis or clitis, rich.clivido, -ere, -Tisi, -vimm (3),
divide,allot.
clivinitas, -tatis, f.. divinity. clivinitus, adv., from the gods. dl:rinus, divine, sacred ; res divinae
(8, 1), worship of the gods. divinus, -i, m., diviner, soothsayer. clivisus, -us, m., a distn'buting.di'ritiae, -arum, f,pl., riches.do, dare, dedi, datum (x), give,
grant ; give away ; me obviam do (with dal.), meet.
134 LIVY, BOOK ONEVOCABULARY 235
cloceo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), teach, tell ; explain (9. 14).
doctriDa, -ae, /..teaching. documentum, -i,n., example.dolor, -oria, m., pain, grief, resent-
ment (40. 4).dolua, -i, m., deceit, stratagem : dolus malua (2+ 7), malice prepense. domasticua, -a, -um, domestic, pri-
vate.domicilium, -i,n., home, domicile. domina, -ae, /., mistress.dominua, -1, m., master, owner. domo, -are, -ui, -itum (1), tame,
snbdue.domua, -ua, /., home, house : loc.
domi, at home. donec, conj.,
until.dmmm, -1, "··gift. dormio (4), sleep.domun, -1, n., ridge ; in dorso,
along a ridge.dubie, ado., hand dubie, unmistake-
ably.dubito (1), doubt.dubiua, -a, -um, doubtful ducenti, -ae, -a, two hundred.duco, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), lead :
marry ; deem : build (a/ walls).ductor, -oris, m., leader. duellum, altl Jami af bellum.dulcedo, -inis,f., charm, sweetness.dum, with indic., while : with subj.,
provided that.dummodo, conj., provided that. duo, duae, duo, two.duodecim, twelve.duodeni, -ae, -a, twelve each. duoclequadragesimus, -a, -um,
thirty-eighth.duplu, -ioia, twofold, double.
duplico (1), double. duro (1), last, endure.clnumviri, -arum, m.pl., duumvinl. dnx, ducis, m., leader.
e, u,prtJjJ. with abl., from, out of, in accordance with, in conse quence of, after.
ea, ado., on that side.ecqui, -qnae, -qnod, intwrag. adj.
any.ecquis, -quid, any, anyone or thing.edico, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), make
proclamation.eclicmuD, -1, "··proclamation.edo, -ere, -didi, -c1itum (3), bring
forth, produce ; perform, do; give out, name.
edoceo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), pre-scribe.
educo (1), rear, bring up.eclnco, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), lead out.efl'aro, -fern, mull, elatum, carry
out ; copy (32. 2.)efl'ero (1), make savage. efllcax, -acis, effective.efllcio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, make,
do ; cause.efllgiea, -eiJ., image, symboletfor (1), pronounce.efl'ringo, -ere, -fregi, -frachun (3),
break open.effngio, -ere, -fugi, escape.efl'undo, -ere, -fwli, -fuaum (3),
pour forth ; inpass.,stream out ; efl'uaUI, scattered or headlong.
effuse, ado., in scattered :flight. egem, -antis, poor, needy.egeo (2), be in need (aftm with abl.).Egeria, -ae,f.,Egeria (wife of
Numa and Raman mtu11).
Egeriua, -i, m., Egerins (n/JjJhew of Lucumo).
ego, Leg:redior, -f, -grusua, go out, leave :
land.egregius, -a, -um, noble, peerless,
goodly, outstanding.eicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, turn or
:fling out.elabor, -f, -Iapsua (3), slip out,
escape.elanguesco, -ere, -langui (3), grow
feeble, languish.elicio, -ere, -licuf, -llcitum, elicit. Eliciua, -i, m., Elicius (title of
Jupilllr).eludo, -ere, -Iii, -mm (3), mock at. elll'ries, -Iii, f., ovedlow, :Oood. emantior (4), lie, assert falsely. emergo, -ere, -Iii, -anm (3), extri-
cate ; in poss., get out, emerge(13. 5).
emineo (2), be prominent.emitto, -ere, -miai, -misaum. (3),
send forth : utter.emo, -ere, emi, emptum (3), buy. Eneti, -tum, m• .pl., the Eneti. mUm, conj., for.enimvero, ado., then indeed, of
course.eniteo (2), shine forth, be conspicuous.
eo, ado., thither, there ; to such a
pitch.eo, ado., for that reason, on this or
that account.eo, ira, ii(hi), itum, go.eodem, adv., to the point or place. Ephesiua, -a, -um, Ephesian, of
Ephesus.eques, -ilia, m., horseman, knight.
Jl
eqnester, -tris, -tre, equestrian, ofcavalry.
equidem, ado., indeed, truly, snrely.equit.atns, -us, m., cavalry.equua, -i, m., horse.erga, prep. with occ., towards,
for.ergo, adv., therefore.ergo, prep. with gen., by way of.erigo, -ere, -rm, -rectum (3),
rouse ; excite (25. 2) ; raise on high (27. 8).
eripio, -ere, -ripui, -reptum, rescue. erogo (1), draw.errabundua, -a, -um, wandering. llll'o (1), err.error, -oris, m., wandering, con-
fusion.erwlio (4), educate.eacendo, -ere, -di, -sum (3), ascend,
climb.Esqniliae, -arum, /. pl., the Es·
qniline or Esqniline Hill. Esquiliariua, -a, -um, Esqniline. Esqnilinus, -a, -um, Esqniline.et, conj., and : et • • • et, both ...
and : also.etiam, ado., also, even.Etruria, -ae, /., Etruria.Etrnscns, -a, -um, of Etruria,
Etruscan ; as 110tm, Etruscan.etai, conj., although, even if.Euganai, -orum, m. pl., the Eu
ganei.Evander, -chi, m., Evander.evado, -ere, -Iii, -anm (3), escape ;
turn out to be (39. 4).eveho, -ere, -si, -ctum (3), carry up
or away ; inposs., ascend. mmio, -ire, -veni, - tum (4),
happen, tum out.
-
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 237
eventua, -ua, m., issue, result : ful- filment (39• 1).
evoco (1), call out tW forth.u, 5'1e e.uaediil.co (1), complete building ot eyanimia, -a, lifeless, breatblesa. uaudio (4), bear clearly ; overbear.uauguratio, -ionia, f.,
deconsecra-tion.
uauguro (1), deconsecrate, with-draw from consecration.
escello, -are, -lui, -nm (3), excel.excelaua, -a, -um, lofty.ucidium, -i, n., destruction,
de-molition.
aiWa, -us, m., ending, issu uonlium, -i, n., beginning. uorior, -iri,-ortus (4), rise up. ezpeditio, -ionia, .f., expedition.upargiacor, -i, -perrBllhs (3), a-
wake.uperiar, -tua (4), try, test
; experience ; perj. parl. inpassive maaning (17. 3 : 3+ 12).
a:pen, -tis, without a share of ;free from (oftm fllilh gen.).
upato, -ere, -petm (ii), -petitum(3), demand : inflict : intrans.,fall
upio (1), atone for.
utemplo, adv., at once, on the in- stant.
eDem.ua, -a, -um, extemal, foreign.o (2), temfy.
aka, prep. fllilh acc., outside otezt.raho, -ere, -ld, -ctum (3), draw
out.utremum, -i,"·• end.utremua, -a, -um, outermost, ex
treme.eztiimllCUll,adv., outside. ualio (1), exult, triumph.
faber, -brf, m., workman.Fabius, -i, m., Fabius Pictor (his-
famil!arla, -e, familiar, intimate ;as noun, a domestic, attendant.
familiaritaa, -ta.tis, J.• intimacy. fanum, -i,n., shrine.fas, indacl. "··right : permitted :
religion (9. 13).fastigium, -i, n., top : downward
slope (38. 6).fastua, -a, -um. propitious for
speech.fateor, -eri, falllus (2), acknow-
ledge, confess.fatigo (1), weary, beset (u.2).fatiloquua, -a, -um, prophetic.fatum, -i,n., destiny, fate.
excieo (2)}xouse, draw out, llUJI1· mcplao, -ere, -evi, -mun (2), :fillup,
torian). · Fauatulua, -i,m., Faustulus.
llXl:io (4) mon ; attract (7. 9).excipio, -ere, -cepi, -captum, take
up, welcome : engage in (53. 4). u:cito (1), provoke, rouse.ucludo, -ere, -Ii, -sum (3), shut
out, exclude.u:curro, -ere, -(ou)mmi. -C1U'll1llll
(3), sally out.uemplum, -i, n., example, pattern,
type, exemplar. .ueo, -ire, -ii (hi), -itum, go out,
land ; expire (of lf'UCll).uerceo (2), train ; conduct (49. 4) :
make to work (S6. 3).aercitua, -ua, m., army.u:bamio, -ire, -Ii, -&tum. (4), ex
haust, drain out, cleanse.u:igo, -ere, -egi, -actam (3), drive
out.uiguua, -a, -um, small, meagre.uimiua, -a, -um, choice.aimo, -ere, -emi, -emp\um (3),
take away ; waste (50. 8).exiDde, adv., thereupon.ulatimo (1), tbiDk.
complete.a:plico, -are, -avi (ui)t -a\uJn
{itmll) (1), organise : deploy (27. 6). expono, -ere, -poaui, -poslium
(3),expose. •
upoaco, -ere, -popoaci (3), unplore,demand.
upupo (1), storm.u:aanguia, -e, lifelesa.llDClibo, -ere, -psi, -p\uJn (3),
write out. asecror (1), cuxse.asequor, -i,-aeeutua (3), carry
out!pursue, punish.
enigno (1), register, note down.asilium, -i,"··exile.aspecto (1), wait for.aspiro (1), breathe one's last.asto, -are (1), remain : may
be seen (25. 14).an), -ulia, c., exile.enu1o (1), be an exile.11D11pero (1), overcome :
exceed the costs of (55. 9).
ma, -orum, n.pl., vitals. fabricor (1), construct. fabula, -ae, J., story.facesso, -ere, -i, -mun (3), intr.,
retire.faci111, -ei, J., :features. facile, adv., easily. facilis, -e, easy.facinorosua, -a, -um. bold, dar
ing.faoinna, -oris, n., deed.facio, -ere, fec:i, factum, do, act ;
make, offer: appoint, create(26. 5).
fao&, -ionls,J•• faction, party.factum, -i, "·• deed : in pl.,
con duct.faculiaB, -iatis, J.• opportunity.fallo, -ere, fafelli, fa1sum (3). de-
ceive.falao, adv., falsely.falaua, -a, -um, false.fama, -ae, j., reputation, glory :
tradition : story, news : fami fern, to celebrate.
familia, -ae,J.• household.
fauama, -a, -um, favoured, blessed. fauior, -oris, m., supporter, patron. faveo, -ere, fa'ri, fau\uJn (2), be
favourable to (with dot.). favor, -ozia, m., favour, support. felis, -icis, successful, fortunate.femina, -ae, woman. fBDllllh'a, -ae, f.,window. fera, -ae, f., wild animal ferculum. -i,...frame.fare, adv., nearly, almost.Fmmtina, -ae, /., Ferentina (Latin
goddus).Femdua, title of Jupiter. feriae, -arum, J.pl., festival. ferio, -ire (4), strike.ferme, adv., about, pretty much.faro, fure, tuli, latum, bear, cany
; say : give out (30. 6) ; prae ae ferre, to assert : ad populum femt, bring or submit a proposal before the people.
farociter, adv.,:fiercely, truculently.Farcmia, -aa, J., Ferbnia (Italian
daily).
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 239ferox, -ocia, bold, warlike ; high
spirited ; aggressive (51. 7) ; emboldened: desperate (40. 5).
ferramenWm, -i, n., implement (ofiron).
ferratua, -a, -um, shod with iron. ferrum, -i, n., iron, weapon, sword. feuus, -a, -um, weary.fesbo (1), hasten.fetialia, -e, fetial ; as noun, Fetial
priest.1'icaDa, -ae, f., Latin city. l'iculea, -aa, f.,Ficnlea. Acus, -i (us), f., fig-tree. Melis, -e, faithful, trusty.l'idanae, -amm, f.iJl., Fulenae.Fidenu, -atis, of Fulenae ;
Fiden- ates, -ium, m. iJl., people of Fidenae.
Ides, -ei, f., trust, good faith ;allegiance ; loyalty ; pledge, protection : credibility ; reliability, honour (9. 13).
Aducia, -aa, f., confidence.Adu, -a, -um, faithful, reliable.Ago, -ere, -m. -:mm(3), fix, hangup.fDia, -ae, /., daughter.flliu,-i, m., son.fllum, -i, n., thread, band.bio (4) finish, limit, fix, fix upon.flnil, -is, m., boundary ; pl., terri-
tory.Animnus, -a, -um, neighbouring :
as noun, neighbour.Ao, fl.erl, factua sum, am made,
am held ; am committed ; ut; flt, aa happens, as is usual.
Jlrmo (1), strengthen.flmnu, -a, -um, strong, firm. flamen, -inia, m., Aamen, priest. flamma, -ae, f., Bame.
flebiliter, ada., tearfully, weeping.flecto, -ere, -m. -:mm (3), bend,
tum : viam flectere, make a circuit.
floreo (2), flourish. fluduo (x), waver. fluito (1), float.flumen. -inis, n., river. tluvius, -i,m., river, stream.foede, ada., foully, hideously. foedim, -tiatis, f., hideousness,
horror.foedu, -a, -um, foul, detestable,
shamefuL .foedu, -eris, 11., treaty.fom, fcmtia, m., spring.foras, or foria, ada., out of doom,
abroad ; outwards.forJB, -is,/., door.form&, -aa, f., form, beauty. formo (1), shape, model. formula, -ae, f., form.fon, fortis, f., chance ; fmte, by
chance, at haphazard. forslian, ada., perhaps.forlil, -e, brave, courageous.fomm&, -ae, f., :fortune, fate ; pl.,
property, state.forum, -i,ti., forum.forus, -i,m., bench.fOll&, -ae, f.ditch, tnmch.fragor, -oria, m., crash.fraugo, -en, fregi, fractum (3),
break.frater, -t;ria, m, brother.fraus, fraudis, f., deceit, harm:
fraude, treacb.erous1y (n.9). fremo, -ere, -lli, -mun (3),
murmur.frmum, -i,n., rein.1requem, -11u, crowded, m.
crowds
or 11umbers. frequenter, adu., in large numbers ; comjJrw., frequentiius, more populously.
frequentia, -ae, f., large 11umber.fretum. -1, n., sb'ait, channel.frehl, -a, -um, relying on (with
abl.).frugifer, -era, -um, (fruit-bearing),
reunmemtive.fruor, -i, frwmu (3), enjoy
(with abl.).frustror (x), disappoint, cheat. l'nMlus, -i,m., Mettius Fufetius. faga, -ae,f.,flight. exile.fugio, -en, fugi, flee. fugo (1), put to flight.fulgeo, -ere, -ai, -sum (2), shine,
gh1ter.fa1man, -inil, 11., lightning, thun-
derbolt.fmu1a, -ae,f., sling. fnndam1111'1lm, -i,n., foundation.fnndo, -ere, fudf, fasum (3),
rout,put to flight.
funebris, -e, of funerals ; in n.pl.,
funeral rites.fungor, -i, funotiUI (3), (with abl.)
perform ;hold.funus, -eds, n., funeral, death. fmoa, -ae,f.,fork ; props.furia, -ae, f., desire,
frenzy;avenging spirlt.
l'mdus, -i, m., Spmius Fusius.
futurus, -a, -um, fal. iJarl. of ll1UD,future.
Gabi, -arum. m.fJl., Gabii.Gabbd, -ormn, m. pl., the men of
Gabii.plea, -ae,f., helmet.pudium, -i,11., joy, rejoicing.
Oeganii, -orum, m.iJl.,the Geganii. gamino (1), double.geminu, -a, -Ulfl,twin.gemmaa, -a, -UJ!l,jewelled. gener, -erl, m., son-in-law. gmdt;u, SIJll gigno,gem, gentis, /., tnbe, nature, race,people, family.
genu, -eds, n., kind, race.pro, -ero, gessi, gestum (3), do,
wage (of war) ; display (25. 3).Guyon, -oDia, m., Geryon.gigno, -ere, genui, genihun (3),
beget, produce ; genit;u, -a, -um, barn.
gladiua, -j, m., sword.globus, -i, m., body (5. 7) ;
band(12. 9), gang.
glomero (1), form into a ball gloria, -ae, f., glory, renown. glorior (1}, boast.Oraecia, -ae, J., Greece.Oraacus, -a, -um, Greek. Oradivus, title of Ma.rs.gradu, -us, m., step ; gradation
(43. 10).gramen, -inis, fl., grass.grando, -inis, f., hail, hailstones.gratia, -ae, f., affection,
favour ; gratiam inire, to win favour. gratias agere, to thank.
gratuitus, -a, -um, without pay oreffect ; ineffective.
grat;nlor (1), congratulate (acc. ofthing : dal. of person).
grahla, -a, -um, pleasing, dear. gravatim, adu., reluctantly. gravidus, -a, -um, pregnant.gra'ril, -e, heavy, weighty ; for
midable (40. 4)·pvo (1), burden, make heavy.
I
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY
gravor (1), be reluctant, regard as a burden (56. 1).
grex, gregia, m., troop.
habao (2), have, bold. habito (1), live, inhabit.habmm, -u, m., bearlng ; posses-
sion (42. 5).Jladriatoicus, -a, -um, Adriatic. haerao, -are, -Bi, llUJll (2), stick. haruspu, -icis, m., soothsayer,
diviner.haa&a, -ae, j., spear, lance.baud. ado., not.haudquaquam, adv., by no means. Helena, -ae, f., Helen.Heraolaa, -ae, f., Heraclea (a city).herba, -ae, /., grass.barhilhu, -a, -um, grassy. Herculas, -ii, m., Hercules.Benlcmiu, -i, m., Tmnus Her-
donius.hares, --. c., heir.Bemicl, -orum, m.pl., the Hernici.Henilia, -ae, /., Hersilia.hestemus, -a, -um, yesterday's ;
of yesterday.hie or hice, haec, hoc, this ;
be, she, it ; .pl., they ; the other(cf. ille).
hie, adv., here.hinc, ado., hence, from. here, on
tbiS side; hinc • • • hinc, on one side • • • on the other.
hoclie, ado., today. bocllemu, -a, -um, today's.homo, bominis, c., human being,
man. .honestu, -tatis, /., honourableness. honestua, -a, -um, honourable,
respectable.
honoro (1), honour.honoa, -oria, m., honour, advance-
ment ; respect ; rank (8. 7).hora, -ae,f., hour. Horatia, -ae, /., Horatia.Horatii, -arum, m.pl., the Horatil. Horatius, -i,m.,Horatius (Publius),
(i) father of the three Horatii,(ii) the survivor of the threeHoratil.
Horatius, -a, -um, of the Horatil. borrenclu, -a, -um, dread, dread
fulhorreo (2), shudder, dread.horror, -oris, m., horror, shudder,
awe.bortus, -i, m:, garden.hospes, -itil, m., host or guest ;
stranger.bospitalia, -a, hospitable ; used for
a guest.bospitaliter, adv., hospitably.hoapitium, -1,n.,hospitality ; tie
of hospitality.hoatia, -ae, /.. victim.bostilis, -e, hostile, of the foe.hostiliter, ado., in hostile man-
ner.Hostilius, -i,m., Tullus Hostilius.Hoatilius, -a, -um, of Hostilius. bostis, -ii, c., enemy.Hoatiu, -i, m., Hostius Hostilius.hue, adv., hither.humanm, -a, -um, human, pro-
fane.bumilia, -e, humble, lowly.
iaceo (2), lie.iacio, -ere, ieci, iactum, throw, lay
(foundatians).lacto, (1), discuss,
·iI
'I .
i
I
iam, adv., DOW, already ; then (6. l) ; lam ab ind.a initio, from the very first.
Ianiculum, -i, m., the Janiculum.Iazraa, -i,m., Janus.ihi, adv., there.ico, -ere, lei, ictam (3). strike,
smite ; foedu icere, make a treaty.
ic&UI, -u, m., blow.idem, eadem, idem, same, he too,
likewise.Ulmtidam, adv., repeatedly. igitar, conj., therefore. iparus, -a, -um, ignorant.ignavia, ...../., cowardice. jgnia, -ill,m., fire.ignoro (1), not know igno'1111, ..-um, unknown.
·,DiDm. -1, n., Ilium (Troy).ille, iDa, illud, that ; he, she, it ;
the one (cf. hie).imago, -inil,/., image, likeness ;
mask.imbellia, -e, unwarlike.imhuo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), imbue,
impregnate.imitatio, onis, j., imitation. imitar {I), copy, imitate.immaturas, -a, -um, unseasonable.
im.memor, -oria, m., furgetful, un- reasonable ; making no
mentionof (34. 3).
immemUll, -a, -um, infinite.immigro (1), penetrate.immineo (2), overlook ; imminem,
impending, threatening.lmminuo, -ere, -i, -mm (3)
diminish, reduce.
immitio, -are, -mild, -miaaum (3), eead into, loose against.
•
immo, ado., on the contrary. immolo (1), sacrifice. immortalis, -e, immortal.immortalitas, -tatis, /., immortal-
ity.immunis, -e, exempt (from). impar, -paris, unequal, unlike. impedio (4), hinder.impello, -ere, -pull, -pulsum (3),
break.impllDI&, -ae,/., outlay.imp81188, adv., fien:ely, vehemently;
C11mflar., impensius.imperator, -oris, m., commander ;
emperor.imperfectus, -a, -um, unaccom-
plished.imparito (1), rule.imperitus, -a, -um, iguorant.imperium, -i, ,.., order, authority,
dominion ; sovereignty, government, power.
impero (1), order, command (withdal.).
impetro (1), obtain (request).impetus, -m, m., attack, charge ;
pushing (41. 4).impie, adv., impiously.impiger, -gra, -grum, active, ener
getic ; adv., impigre.impingo, -ere, -pegi, -pactum (3),
strike against.impius, -a, -um, undutiful, un·
natural.impleo, -ere, -plevi, -plemm (2),
fill, fulfil.impllco (1), involve.impono, -ere, -posui, -posimm (3),
place in or on.impudem, -antis, immodost. impudicua, -a, -um, nncbaste.
"!
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 243impune, adll., with impunity.in, pr6f>. with abl.,in, on ; with
acc., into, on to, to, towards, for : over (in urbam).
inaediflao (x), build on.inambulo (I), walk in.iDaugmato, adll., after taking aus
pices.iDauguro (1), take auspices ; con-
secrate, instal, inaugurate.incalesco, -are, -ui (3), grow hot. incautus, -a, -11111, off one's guard. incedo, -are, -ceasi, -c811111Dl (3),
advance; (transit.) attack, seize.incando, -ere, -di, -1111Dl (3), set on
fire, inflame.inCeDBUB, -a, -um, not registered ;
as noun, unregistered person.incaptus, -us, m., undertaking,
beginning.incemu, -a, -11111, uncertain, in
decisive ; as yet undecided ; illegitimate (+ 2) : bewildered (7. 6).
incllte, adll., impurely.incido, -ere, -cidi, -casum (3), hap-
pen ; encounter.incipio, -ere, -capi, -ceptum, begin.incHo (1), incite, stir.inclamo (1), cry, call out to.incllDo (1), make to waver (58.
4); predispose (51. 7) ; make to fall back (27. II) ; transfer (27. 6,43• 9, 47• 12) ; pass. , waver(12. 3) ; intrans., incline.
inclitus, -a, -um, famous.includo, -are, -Bi, -aum (3), shut up. incoho (1), begin.incolo, -ere, -ui (3), dwell, inhabit. incolumis, -e, unhurt, unharmed ;
unimpaired, intact.
incorruptus, -a, -11111, genuine, pure, incorrupttole.
incrementum, -1, 11., addition,growth.
increpito (1), speak angrily.increpo, -are. -m. -mun (1),
clash.speak angrily : upbraid (26. 3) : rebuke (27. 8) ; taunt (47. 6).
increaco, -ere, -crevi, -cretam (3),grow.
bu:urro, -ere, -cnmi, -cumun (3),charge.
inounio, -ionis, j., incursion.incuso (1), blame, protest against. . incu\io, -ere, -cusai, -cuaaum. strike
into ; inspire.inde, adll.,thence, from that paint ;
then ; in consequence of that.indmc, -icis, c., indicator.indico (1), signify, show.inclico, -ere, -ld, -ctu:m (3), pro-
claim. declare.inclic\ua, -a, -ma, not pleaded. huliges, -etis, born inthe country. imlignado, -ionia, /., indignation. indigDRu, -atis, /., indignity, out-
rage.indignor (1), be indignant
at, resent.bulignus, -a, -um, unworthy ;
shamefnl.indo, -ere, -didi, -ditum (3), place or
put on, give to.indolaa, -is, /., natural qualities,
character, capacity.induco, -ere, -zi, -ctu:m (3), draw
over ; in &Dim.um fnducare, makeup the mind. ·
fndulgentia, -ae, j., indulgence ; solicitude.
induo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), put on.
induatria, -ae,/., diligence ; ax or
de iml.,pmposely. indutiae, -arum, f.fJl., trace.ineo, -in-ii, (hi), -mun, enter
into ;in gratiam inire, gain favour ; in "riam (rationem), adopt a method or plan; auJfragiuminire, to begin voting.
inmnia, ...unarmed. inerl, -tis, mieless.illfandus, -a, -um, unspeakable,
abominable.infam, -fanm, c., infant.infeliciter, adll., unsuccessfully. infeU, -icls, unfruitful, barren
' (26, 6} ; unsuccessfulI inflDIUI, -a, -um, hostile.t inferior, -us, lower.
infemus, -a, -11111, of the towerworld.
infero, -fezre, -tali, -Jatum, bring on. to, inm. ae inferre, go ; arma inferre, attack ; bellum
i' inferre, flJith dal., make war on.i infemu, -a, -um, hostile, danger
ous ; in danger (47. 1) ; infestis armis, with drawn swords.
in8dus, -a, -11111, faithless.inflmus, -a, -11111, lowest, end of
; foot of ; ax inflmo, from the humblest beginnings.
iDflt, daftrcl. vb., begins to speak. infortimium, -1, n., misfortune. infra, prtrp. fl1ilh acc., and adu., be-
low.iDpnlum, -1, 11., nature, disposi
tion ; temper (57. 7).ingam, -tis, enormous, large,
mighty.
j ingjpo, -ere, -genui, -genitum (3),I implant ; iDgauiiua, innate.1·l:1
ingmtus, -a, -um, displeasing. ingredior, -i, -giessus, enter. inhaareo, -ere, -Bi, -B11Dl (2), be
fastened.inhibeo (2), check, pullup. inhumanus, -a, -um, inhuman. inicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, fasten
on ; instilinimicua, -a, -11111, unfriendly : as
"°""·foe.iniquus, -a, -um, uneven, dis-
advantageous.initium, -i, 11., beginning ; ab
initio, from the first.iniurla, -ae, j., injury, injustice,
outrage, injurious treatment.iniUllllU, adv., without orders or
election.iniustus, -a, -um, unjust. inligo (x), bind on to. bllucesco, -ere, -:Ii (3), dawn. bllustds, -e, clear.bmo:lius, -a, -um, innocent.innubo, -are, -psi, -ptum (3), marry
into.inopia, -ae, j., want, poverty ;
lack.inops, -opia, needy, poor.inquam (da/trel. v.), say ; inquit,
he said.inquietus, -a, -um, restless. imito (1), provoke.inritus, -a, -um, in vain.inrumpo, -are, -mpi, -ruptum (3),
bmst in.illlanabilia, ...incurable.inscius, -a, -um, ignorant, un
knowing.inaecatio, -ionia,/., attack ; abuse,
railing.imepultus, -a, -11111, unburied.
I
I
I
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 245insideo, -ere, -aecll, -llBllllUll (2),
abide with.insidiae, -arum, /.pl., ambush. insidior (1), lay ambush (with dal.). inaigna, -is, n., distinctive mark ;
inpl., dress, insignia.hlsignis, -e, distinctive, distin-
guished, conspicuous, known. imitua, -a, -um, innate.imam, -mis, innocent.insperatus, -a, -um, unlooked for ;
u:imperato, unexpectedly.impicio, -ere, -apai, -apectum,
examine.instigo (1), stimulate, work upon. iDBtingno, -ere, -:si, -d1un (3), in
cite, animate.instituo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), ap
point. institute : establish (cw lom) : lay down ; institutum, -i, n., institution.
imto, -are, -stiti, -IRatum (l), presson, insist ; press bard upon(with dal.).
instrncte, adu., magnificently. instruo, -ere, -xi, -ctum (3), draw
up, marsball : train ; form,fashion.
Dasulto (1), trample on (with dal.) ;behave insolently.
insum, -esae, -fui, am in.intactus, -a, -um, untouched, un
hurt.integer, -gra, -grum, intact, un
wounded, unhurt ; ae integro,afresh.
1megro (1), renew.inteDigo, -ere, -lai, -lectum (3),
understand.intendo, -ere, -ell, -tum (sum) (3),
stretch deepen (57. 8) ; inj>rJSS.
concentrate : mtentus, eager !fr.' (with dal.) ; intent OD, engrossed in.
inter, prep. with acc., between,among, within, amid, in the midst of ; inter aa, together.
intercalarius, -a,-um, intercalary.interclwlb, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3), cut
off.interdiu, adu., by day.bderdum, adu., sometimes, from
time to time.interea, adu., meanwhile.intereo, -ire, -ii (i'ri), -itum, perish. intarflcio, -ere, -feel, -fectum, kilL interlcio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, inter-
pose ; pass., lie between : intervene (58. l).
interim, adll., in the meantime,meanwhile.
interimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3), destroy.
interior, -us, inner.interluceo, -ere, -:si (2), shine be
tween.interpono, -ere, -posui, -posi\um
(3), insert.interpres, -etia, c., interpreter. interpretor (1), interpret, explain ;
lay it down.interregnum, -i,n., interregnum. interru, -regil,m., interrex. interrogo (1), ask.intanaapio, -ire, -Bi, -tum (4),
fence ; hide from (27. 9).intemun, -ease, -fui, be between
; take part in : be interested in : (affen with dal.).
intervallum, -i,n., interval, lapse.internnio, -ire, -mii, -vmtum (4),
interrupt (oftm with dal.).J
intestinus, .... -um, domestic, in- testine.
intimus, -a -um, inmost. intolerabilis, -e, unbearable. int.ta, j>rllj>. with acc., within.inlro (I), enter.intueor (2), gaze at, look at, behold. innltus, -a, -um, unavenged.Inuus, -i, m., Inuus (name of
Lupercus).invado, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3), attack.inveho, -ere, -E,-ctum (3), canyin ; in pass., ride into al' upon al' against : (So. 3) inveigh against.
inftllio, -ire, -mii, -vmtum (4),
find.invideo, -ere, -'ricli, -visum (2), be
jealous.in'ridia, -ae, f., jealousy, unpopu-
larity ; discontent, resentment. in'riao, -ere, -i, -um (3), go to see. in'riaus, -a, -um, hated, hateful inmo (1), invite, entertain.bnitus, -a, -um, unwilling ; with
reluctauce.invoco (1), call upon, invoke. involvo, -ere, -vi, -utum (3), wrap,
cover.iocu, -i,m., joke, sport.Iovem, sea Iuppiter. iple, -a, -um, self.ira, -ae, /., anger, animosity. iraacar, -i,iratus, be angered. iratus, -a, -um, angry.is, ea, id,he, she, it ; that ; such. Jne, -a, -1U1, that (of yours) ; this. istic, adu., there ; in your case
(47. 3).ita, adu., thus, so.Dalia, -ae, j., Italy.Ilalicus, -a, -um, Italian.
ilaque, conj., and so, accordingly. item, adv., likewise.iter, itineril, n., journey, route,
passage. ,item (I), repeat.iterum, adu., the second time,
twice ; again.iubeo, -ere, -iusai, -iussum (:a),
order, bid ; ordain ; elect.imlicium, -i, n., trial ; court ;iwlico (1), judge ; find guilty of ;
pass judgment upon.iugulo (1), cut throat of ; kilLiugulum, -i,11., throat. iugum, -i, n., yoke.Iulius, -a, -um, of Julius, Julian.Iulius, -i, m., (Proculus) Iulius (a
SBtlalOI').Iulus, -i, m., Iulus (s011 of Amaas). iummtum, -i, n., carriage-horse. imago, -ere, -xi, -chm (3), join,
unite, link ; make (a treaty oralliatra).
iuniores, -um, m. pl., juniors. Iuppiter, Io'ria, m., Jupiter.iuro (I), swear. iure, rightly, justly.ius, iuria, n., right, privilege (56. 8),
law, justice ; quasi adj., lawful(2. 6). '
ius iuramlum, iuria iUI&JUli, n., Ioath ; the sworn oath (21. 1).
imsus, -us, m., only in abl., by the rorder, election, consent (of). iiuste, adu., justly. I
iustitia, -ae, f., justice.iustus, -a, -um, just, regular.i1mmalia, -e, youthful I'
iU'ftnis, -is, young ; as nO!f n, young !man, youth.
invent&, -aa, /., youth.
i;iilI
j
!iJ
iuventus, -utls, f., youth.
LIVY, BOOK ONEJams, -eris, n..side, ftank.
lignum, -i, n•• wood.
VOCABULARY
luatralis, -e, purificatory.
247
iuvo, -are, iuvi, iutum, help, assist.hma, adv., equally.
labor, -mis, m., labour, toil. labor, -i,lapaus (3), glide, slip.laboro (1), work ; be distressed or
in difficulties.lacer, -era. -l'llDI, tom. Jacrima, -ae, j., tear. Jacus, -us, m., lake.laetus, -a, -um. glad, re101cmg,
pleased ; abundant (7. 4).1aeva, -ae. f., left hand.Iaevua, -a. -um. left.lambo, -ere, -i (3), lick.Jana, -ae, f., woollanguidua. -a, -um, languid. inert.
stilllapicida, -ae, m., stone-cutter. lapldeus, -a, -um, of stone. lapis, -idis, m., stone.laqueus, -i, m., noose.lar, laril, m., household god. Larantia, -ae, j., Larentia (wfi • of
Faustulus).largior (4), bestow lavishly. largitio, -ionis, f., grant, distn'bu-
tion.laacivia, -ae, f., merriment, frolic. late, adv.,far and wide, 8Xtensively.latao (2), lie hid, lurk.Latme, adv., in Latin ; Latina scire,
to understand Latin.Latinus, -a, -um, of Latium,
Latin ; as noun, a Latin.Latinus, -i,m., Latinus (King).Latinus, -i, m., Silvius Latinus
(Alban king). Latium, -i,n., Latium.
latro, -onis, m.• robber.lawlo (1), praise.Laurem, -tis, Laurentine.Lamantes, -inm, m. pl., the Lau·
rentes.Laurmtinus, -a, -um, Laurentine. Jaus, laudis,f., praise, honour.Lavinia, -ae, f., Lavinia.Lavinium, -i, n., Lavinium. lecmu, -i,m., bed.legatio, -ionis, f., embassy.legatus, -i, m., am.bassadn.envoy. legio, -ionis, /., levy.legitimus, -a, -um, lawful.Iego, -ere, Iegi, lecmm (3), send,
select, choose, elect, enrol lego (1), cnmmission, bequeath. Ienio (4,) soothe.lenis, -e, -gentle, quiet ; stagnant
<+ 4).Ieniter, adv., gently.lmte, adv., slowly.lmtus, -a, -um, slow, tedious. letum, -i,n., death.levis, --. light, easy. leviter, adv., lightly. Jevo (l), raise.lax, legis, /., law, terms. libenter, adv., willingly. liber, -era. -um, free.libera1is, -e, liberal, generous.liberaliter, adv., generously. liberator, -oris, m., deliverer. llberl. -orum, m. pl., children. libero (1), free.h1iertaa, -tatis, f., h'berty, freedom. libido, -inis, f., desire, lust.licentia, -ae, /., license, leave.
1ioet (2), imjm's., it isallowed. lictor, -orls, m., lictor.lipeua, -a, -um, of wood.
Uman. -inis, n., doorway.lingua, -ae, f., tongue.liqueo, -ere, liqui (licui) (2), be clear.Jis, litls, f., dispute, suit.liUera, -ae, f.,letter.liluus, -i,m., lituus (augu,.•s staff). loco (1), place, establish, pitch. locuples, -etls, rich.locua, -i,m., place, room, position ;
pl., loca, -oram, n. pl.. parts,site.
IODge, adv., far, by far ; longe ante, far beyond.
kmgiDquus, -a, -um, protracted. lcmgi&udo, -inis, f., length. loDglll, -a, -um, long. •loquor, -i, locutus (3), speak.1mica, -ae,/..cuimss.Luceres, -um, m.pl., the Luceres. Lum:etia, -ae, f., Lucretia.Lucretius, -i,m., Spmius Lucretius.luctus, -us, m., grief, mourning. lucubro (1), work by lamplight.Lucumo, -oDis, m., Lucumo (=L
Tarquinins). lucus, -i,m., grove.J. wlibrium, -i, n., mockery
(7.2) ;joke.
Judi.cram, -i, n., show, sport,festival.
huliflcor (1), make sport of.Indus, -i,"' ·game. ludoa .facere, to
hold games.lugeo, -ere, -zi, -mum (2), moum.lumaD, -inis, n., light.lmaa, -ae, f., moon.luo, -ere, lui (3), atone for, expiate.1upa, -ae,J.• she-wolf.J,.upercalia, -um, n. pl., festival of
Lupercus.
lustro (1), purify.Iumum, -i, n., purification (o/ city).laBUs, -us, m., play, sport.lu, -cia, J.. light. prima bu,
dawn.luuria, -ae, f., luxury, indulgence. luxurio (1), be luxuriant or indul
gent ; run riot.Imus, -us, m., luxury. Lycaeus, -a, -um, Lycaean.
Macedonia, -ae, f., Macedonia. machina, -ae, f., engine. machinator, -oris, m., contriver,
plotter.machinor (1), contrive, plot.maculo (1), stain.Jlaesius, -a, -um, Maesian. maestitia, -ae, f., sadness.maestus, -a, -um, sad, gloomy,
sm:rowful ; griefstricken (58. 5). magis, adv., more ; rather. magiater, -Vi, m., master. magistratua, -us, m., m.agistrate.mapiflcentia, -ae, J., splendour.mapiflcus, -a, -um, splendid. magniiudo, -inis,f., greatness, size. mapopere, adv., greatly, very
much.magnm, -a, -um, great.maiestu, -tatls,/.• majesty.maior, -us, greater ; maior Datu,
elder.male, adv., badly.ma1edictum, -i,n., abuse.J(alltiosa (Silva), the Malitiosa
forest.:malo, maDe, malui, er.malum, -i,n., curse, disaster. malus, -a, -um, bad, evil.
LIVY, BOOK ONEVOCABULARY 249
militia, -ae, f., military service : modus, -i, m., manner, way.llamilius, -i,m.,Octavius Ma.milius.mamma, -ae, /., dug.:awulatum, -i, "·· cmmnission.
order.:mamlo (1), entrust.Dl&IUIO, "'8ftl, ma.mi, Dl&U8\lll1 (2),
remain, wait ; endure.Manes, -bun, m. pl., shades or
spirits (o/ thll daparld).manifestus. -a, -um, caught red-
banded (7. 9) ; ilagrant (26. 12).manipulus, -i,m., company. Manlius, -i, m., Titus Manlius. mano (1), spread : drip.manubiae, -arum, /. pl., pri7.e-
money.manus, -us, f., band : power.Jlarcius, -i, "' ·.Ancus :Marc;ius.·lllarcius, -i, m., Numa Maicius
(apontiff).
lllarcus, -i, m., Marcus.mare, -is, n., sea. maritus, -i, m., husband.lllarB, )lartis, m., Mani (god of war) :
aequa\o Marte, OD equal terms.Martius, -a, -um, of Mars.mater, -trls,f., mother.materia, -ae, f., opportunity
: means : cause (39. 3) : stuff(46. 6).
maternus, -a, -um, maternal,mother's.
matrimonium, -i, n., umniage ; in
matrimonium ducere, to marry.maturo (1), hasten, expedite:
maturatum, prompt action.maturus, -a, -um, ripe ; quickly.:muime, adv., chiefly, particularly,
especially, mainly.muimua, -a, -um, greatest, very
great ; eldest. medium, -i, n., midst, centre,middle.
medius, -a, -um, middle, midst of.Medullia, -ae, /., 'Medullia (town}.:melior, -us, better.melius, ado., (of abovs), better.membrum, -i,n., member, limb.lll8D1ini, -isae, remember.memor, -oris, mindful, remember
ing.memoda, -ae, f., memory : re
collection (S. 6} ; tradition. memoro (1), record, relate. mens,mentis,f.,mind, heart, atten-
tion.mensis, -is, m., month. mentio, -ionis, f., mention. mercatwi, -ua, m., market. mercel, -edia, f.pay.mereor (2), earn, deserve : merims
deserved, due ; meritum, -i, n.,serVice.
mergo, -ere, -al, -llUDl (3), plunge,drown.
meridiea, -ei, f., south.meta, -ae,f., goal ; position t19. 6).Jletapontum, -i,n.,Metapontum.metor, (1), mark.:Me\tius FufeQus, Mettius Fufetius
(Alban diclalor).memo, -ere, -i, -tam (3), fear;
(sorndimas with dal.).me'1lll, -us, m.,fEar.ID8UI, -a, -um, my.Mergentius, -i,m., :Mergentiua.mico, -are, -ui (1), :flash.migro (1), migrate. milell, -itis, m., soldier.milia, -um, n.pl., thousaDds.militaria, -e, military : res milituis,
watfare.
loc., milltiae, on active service,
fortifi-in war, on the field.
milito (1), serve as a soldier.-ill,f., power, might ; effortmille, thousand.mina, -ae, J., threat.sbive for, plan, devise. miDar, -acia, threatening.mitigate. minima, adv., least, not at a1Lmo- minb:nus, -a, -um, least, smallest;influ-
youngest.minister, -tri, m., servant, agent,
tool.
monitus, -ua, m., advice, coumel.mini&terimn, -i, n., office, service.
minor, -us, less, lesser ; younger.
minus, ado., less ; less than.
-ere, -i, -tum (3), lessen,ae,f., delay.
diminishmirabilia, -e, astonishing.
miraculmn, -i,n., marvel, miracle ;
the supernatural.linger ; nihil mirandus, -a, -mn, wonderful.morari, pay no attention to mire, ado., wonderfully.miror (1), wonder, admire ; be
surprised.
mortalls, -e, mortal ; !11Pl., men.mirus, -a, -mn, wonderful, strange.
millceo, -ere,-ui, -stumor-xmm (2),mos, morla, m., custom, manner ; mix,confusecharacter. (29. 2). .motus, -us, m., movement ; rising
mi&erabilia,-e, pitiable, plaintive ;
deplorable.
moveo, -ere, movi, motum (2),:mi&eratio, -ionia, j., pity.agitate, affect, rouse ;
miaeria, -ae, f., misery. numenmovere, exert their divinemJssiliB, -e, for throwing. powerarma movere, begin war.mitigo (1), soften. mm,presently.mitis, -e, gentle, mild, merciful.
mugiomitto, -ere, misi, :missum (3),
send ; muliebris,woman, a wo- throw, hurL
man's.moderahs, -a, -mn, moderate,
mulier, temperate.
muWplu, -icis, manifold, multi-modicus, -a, -um, small. plied.modo, ado., only. muWplicomultiply.
250 LIVY, BOOK ONEVOCABULARY
multitudo, -inil, /., population, people, populace : band (59. 6) : multitude.
mullo (1), fine, mulct, reprove: bonia multare, topunish by con fiscation.
mullo, adv., much.mullua, -a, -um, much : pl.,many. muDia, pl., only in nom. and ""-•
duties.mmWlce, adv., generously. mmWlcus, -a, -um, generous. munimentum, -f, n., fortification. m'llllio (4), build (8. 4) : strengthen,
protect.mUDitio, -ionis, f., fortification.munua, -eris, n., duty. KUICia, title of Venus.mums, -f, m., wallmUlsito (1), mutter, grumble.mum (1), change.mutuua, -a, -um, mutual, recipro
cated.
nam, for.namque, for.D&Dciscor, -f, D&Ctus (3), obtain, get.D&llCOI', -f, natua (3). be bom, arise,
begin (9. 3) : natua, bom. utua, -f, m., son, child.u'ris, -u,/..ship.lllavius, -f, m., Na.vius.ne, adv., not ; conj., lest, that • •
not ; ne • • • quidem, not even.-ne, mclilie jJflrlicla to im'otluce
di,11cl quastions : in indir11cl qwstions, whether.
nee. neque, not, nor, and not, butnot ; neque • • • neque, neither• • • nor.
necdum, a.nd not yet.
necBllll&l'ius, -a, -um, imperative,necessary.
neceae, only in nom. acc., ling.tl8UI., essential.
neceuitu, -tat.is, /., necessity:inevitable course (42. 2).
necne, or not.neco .(1), kill, slay.necopinatua, -a, -um, 1U1expec:ted.necto, -ere, -xai (Ji), -xum, wea.ve,
concert (s. 7.).nef&ndus, -a, -um, impious, un
na.tural. .nefu, n., indtl&l., impiety.Defutua, -a, -um, unpropitious for
speech.negligo, -ere, -eJ:i, -ectum (3),
neglect.nego (1), refuse, deny. negotiator, -orls, m., trader. negotium, -f, n., task, work.nemo, neminem, nulliua, nembll,
nullo, no one, nobody.nepoa, -otis, m., gra.ndson.llleptunua, -i, m., Neptune. nequaquam, adu., by no means. nequiqu&m, adu., to no purpose, in
VB.in.neuter, -tra, -tram, neither of two.neutro, adv.,neither way, to neither
side.DBYI "' neu, nor, and not.nes, necis, /., dee.th.ni =niaf, unless.nihil, tl8UI. indtl&l., nothingnihilo, adu., by nothing, in no wise. nimbus, -f, m., cloud.nimil, adv., too much, too.nimius, -a, -um, excessive ; Dimio,
by too much, far•niaf, unless, if not ; adu., except.
DO (1), swim.nobilis, -e, well-known. famous,
noble.nobilitas, -tatis, /., high fame, dis
tinction : advancement.nobilito (1), make famous, obtain
wide cummcy for. noctumus, -a, -um, at night. nodus, -f, m., knot.nolo, no1la, no1ui, wish not, am
unwilling, refuse.noman, -inil,n.,name,
reputation ; I8llOWil (9. 3) ; people bea.Iing a na.me ; race.
Jfomentum, -i,n.,Nomentum.nomino (1), nominate.mm. not. nondum. not yet. nos, we.noaco, -ere, novi, notum (3), get to
know, 1ea.m ; novi, know.noster, -tra, -tram, our.Doha, -a, -um, known, familiar. notitia, -ae, J., acquaintance. novacula, -ae, f.,razor.DOY8Dl, nine.novendialis, -e, of nine days. noverca, -ae, f., step-mother. noma., -tat.is, J., strangeness,
novelty, newness.nO'fO (l), revolutionise.DDVUB, -a, -um, new, strange ;
in supm., novissimua, last.nor, noctls,/.,night.no::ra, -ae, /., guilt.Dubis, -D,f.,cloud.nubo, -ere, -pd, -ptum (3), marry
(ofwoma.nmarryingama.n), (with dat.).
nudo (1), expose ; uncover (of:flank) (27. 7).
s
nudus, -a, -um, naked, exposed. nullua, -a,-um,no ; asnoun,no one. llluma, -ae, m., Numa Pompilius. numen, -inis, n., deity, divine
power or will.num (1), count, reckon.D1IDllll'WI, -f, m., number.liumicus, -f, m., Numicus (a riu11r). liumitor, -oris, m., Numitor. nunquam, adu., never.nunc, tldu., now, to this day.nuncupo (1), call, name, solemnly
declale.DUDtia, -ae,j., (ftlmllla) messenger. mmtiua, -i, m., messenger ; news,
message.nuper, adu., lately.nupti&e, -arum, f.pl.,maniage. nuptialia, -e, wedding (tJS adj.). nurua, -us, J., daughter-in-law. nusquam, nowhere.nukio (4), nurse, foster.
ob, prllf>. with acc., on account of,for.
obeo, -ire, -ii (ivi), -itum. discharge,perform.
obiclo, -ere, -iecf, -iectum, throw oroppose against.
obiratua, -a, -um, angered, a.ngry at (with dat-)
oblivio, -ionia, f., oblivion ; ob·Ji'ricmi dare, to consign to ob livion.
obli'riscor, -f, oblitus (3), with gm.,forget ; be careless of.
obloquor, -i, -locutus (3), interrupt. olmoJ:ius, -a, -um, slave to. obnubo, -ere, -pd, -ptum (3), veil,
cover.oborior, -iri,-ortua (4), rise, well up.
dOWD.
f.,
UVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 253obruo, -ere, I, -tum (3), over-
whelm.obsCIUl'US, -a, -um, obscure. obsequium, -i,n., obedience. obsero, -ere, -sevi, -situm (3), over-
grow.observantia, -ae, /., respect. observo (1), observe, respect. obsideo, -ere, -sedi, -118BBUDl (2),
besiege, blockade. obsidio, -ionis, /., blockade.obatino (1), set firmly ; o'batinatuB,
resolute, obdurate.obsto, -are, -stiti, -datum (1),
stand in way of ; counteract, tell against (ofttm with dat.).
obstrepo, -ere, -ui,-itum (3), drown. obtentua, -us, m., cover, shelter. obtineo, -ere, -ui, -tentum (2), oc-
cupy, keep, maintain, secure. obtnmco (1), cut down, kill. obverso (1), present to ; in pass.,
occur to (25. 3).obviam, adv., in the way : to meet
(with ire, 11tc.).obvi1111, -a, -um, inthe way ;
obvius fieri OP' esse, to meet, encounter ; obvium ae dare, to meet (ofttm with dat.).
occasio, -ionis,/., opportunity.OCC8Sllll, -us, m., west.occido, -ere, -cidi, -caanm (3), fall,
set (of sun) ; disappear, perish. occido, -ere, -cidi, -ciaum (3), kill. occipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum (3),
begin.occulo, -ere, -ui, -tum (3), bide. occultua, -a, -um, secret ; a:
occulto (37. 1), secretly.occumbo, -ere, -cubui, -cubitum
(3),fall prostrate "" dead.
occupo (1), occupy ; with infin., take the initiative, be the first to; occupatua, occupied.
occurro, -ere, -cuni, -cunum (3),meet (wilh dat.).
ocrea, -ae, f., greave.octillgenti, -ae, -a, eight hundred.octo, eight.octoginta, eighty.oculua, -i, "'··eye.odium, -i,fl., hatred.offero, -ferre, obmli, oblatum, offer,
vouchsafe.ofB.cio, -ere, -feci, -feclnm, eclipse
(with dat.).ofllcium, -i, n., duty ; ofllcia
civilia, offices of state. olim, adv., formerly, once. omen, -inis, n., omen.omiHo, -ere, -mild, -miaanm (3),
dismiss.omnia, ...,, all, every.ODUB, cmaria, fl., burden. onustna, -a, -um, laden. opacna, -a, -um, shady, dark.opera, -ae, /., work, aid, service : operae en, it isworth while.
operio, -in, -ui, -tum (4), cover.operor (I), be busied. opifes, -flcis, m., workman. opimua, -a, -um, rich. opinio, -ianis,f.,belief. opiD.or (1) think.oportet (2), it is proper : ought. oppuior (4), wait for, bide. oppidum, -i,n., town. opportunus, -a, -um, suitable.opprimo, -ere, -preai, -prelll1Ull (3) crush, overwhelm, suppress, hold [opa], opis, j. (flOI ••flOm.
""' tlal.
ling.), aid ; energy, remedy ; in/JI., wealth, power ; 1111JDD1&
ope(56. u), with all possi'ble care.
opt;imna, -a, -um, best.opalente, ado., comjJaY., opulentina,
on a richer scale.opnlemna, -a, -um, rlch, powerful opus, operis, n.,work, deed, Jabour. opna, n., indacl., need ; opna en,
there is need of (with abl.).ora, -ae, j., coast, region.oraculum, -i,n., oracle.oratio, -irm.ia, f.,speech ; orationem
habere, deliver a speech.orator, -oria, m., spokesman.orbia, -is, m., circle, cycle ;
revolution ; orbia ierrarum, the
world. orbitaa, -tatia, /., bereavement. orbua, -a, -um, orphan, childless ;
bereft (with abl., 54- ro).ordiar, -irl,-orsna (4), begin,
setout. ordo, -inis, m., order, class, tank ; aenatmial order
(49. 6) ; racialstrain ; ordine, inorder.
arienl, -tis, "'··east.migo, -inia, origin, foundation ;
pl., early history.ozior, -iri, odns (4), arise, spring,
be bom.ozimulna, -a, -nm, sprung cw de-
acended (from).amo (x), equip.oro (r), pray, beg, plead. onum, -i.n., beginning. oa, or1a, n., month.
oaculum, -i.n., kiss.oa&ando, -ere, -c1i, -sum "" tum
(3), show, point out ; declare. a8 oatendere, to appear.
ostanator, -oria, m., displayer.ostanto (r), display, point to.
Ostia, -ae, f. cw n. pr •• Ostia.otinm, -i, 11., peace, rest ; fr:ie ,,,
spare time.ovo (1), rejoice, exult.
pabulum, -i, 11., food.pacisco, -ere, -pactns (3), betroth. paciacor, -i, pactua (3), agree ;
peef. parl. us11d in pass. meaning.
pacataa, -a, -um, at peace. paco (x), make peaceful. pactum, -i,n., bargain ; way. paene, adv., almost.paenitet; (2), it repents, discontents.pagna, -i, m., district. palaJD, adv., openly.Palatinna, -a, -um, Palatine.Palatius, I, m., the Palatine Hill Palatium, -i, n., the Palatine Hill
(old name Pallantium, 5. 1). Pallantenm, -i, 11., Pallanteum (in
Arcadia).pallor, -oria, m., pallor. palor (x), struggle.palwlamantum, -i, n., cloak (mili-
tary).palna, -ums,j., swamp.Pan, Panos, m., Pan.paudo, "8Ie, -di, -DSUill (-llUJD) (3),
dishevel.pango, -ere, pepigi, pactnm (3),
1ix ; bargain for (u. 8).papaver, -is, m., poppy. Papblagcmia, -ae, /., Paphlagonia. par, pads, equal, a match for;
steadfast (26. 12).parco, -ere, peperci (3), with dat.,
spare.parena, -ntis, parent, father.pareo (2), with dat., obey.
-rm.
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 255pario, -ere, peperi, parlum, gain,
win.pariter, adv., equally alike.paro (1), make ready, prepare,
pre pare for ; paratus, prepared, ready.
parricidium, -i, n., parricide, mur
der of kin.pan, partia, j., part, direction :
branch (30. 2) ; ab UD& parte, in one respect.
paraimonia, -ae, /., frugality. particeps, -cipis, c., partner.partus, -us, m.,motherhood (3.
II) :offspring.
panun, adv., too little, not enough. parvus, -a, -um, small, little. passim, adv.,indifferent directions,
everywhere.passus, -us, m., step, pace : mil1e
passus, mile.pastor, -oris, m., shepherd.pateo (2), be open (to), be evident. pater, -tria, m., father, senator. patemus, -a, -um, of a father,
father's.patientia, -ae, /., patience.patior, -i, passus, sufier, endme,
allow.patria, -ae, /., fatherland, home
; native city.patricius, -a, -um, patrician.patrius, -a, -um, of a father, an-
cestral.patro (1), accomplish, execute. paucitas, -tatis, /•• fewness. paUCUB, -a, -um, few, small. paulatim, adv., little by little. paulo, adv., a little.pauper, -eris, poor. paupertas, -tatis, f., poverty.
pavidus, -a, -um, alarmed.pavor, -oris, m., fear, panic,
terror.pax, pacis, j., peace.peccatum, -i, n., sin.pecco (1), sin.pectus, -oris, n., breast ; heart.pecunia, -ae,/., money.pecus, -oris, n., cattle.pedes, -itis, m., foot-soldier ; pl.,"'
in sing., infantry.pedester, -ttis, -tre, on foot ; in-
fantry.peior, -111, worse. peius, adv., worse.PelopODnesus, -i, m., the
eloponnese.
pello, -ere, pepuli, pulsum (3), drive
back.Penates, -ium, m. pi., the Penates
(gods of tlul slur6-chambw).pendo, -ere, pependi, pemum (3),
pay.panes, Jw6'/J. with acc., in power of;
with.penitus, adv., deep, deeply. penuria, -ae, /., want, shortage.per, pr6jJ. with acc., through,
throughout ; during, by, among,over.
perago, -ere, -egi, -actum (3), com plete, :finish, accomplish : go through (24. 9) ; recite.
peragro (1), roam.percello, -ere, -culi, -culsum (3),
dismay.percontor (r), ask.percutio. -ere, -cussi, -cussum,
strike, smite.
perdo, -ere, -dh1i, -ditu.m (3),destroy.
perdUC10, -ere, -dmd, -dUC1tum (3), lead or carry through.
perduelllo, -ionis,/.,high treason.peregrinlia, -a, -um, foreign ; as
"°""• a foreigner.'(Mll'llDDil, -e, perennial.pereo, -ire, -ii (ivi), -itum, perish,
be lost.pererro (r), wander through.perfero, -fern, -mli, -latum, con
vey : inpass., reach.per!cio, -ere, -feci, -fectum, :finish,
complete.perJldla, -ae, j., disloyalty. perJl.dus, -a, -um, treacherous. perfugio, -ere, -fugi, escape, 1lee.parfmulo, -ere, -fudi, -fusum (3),
bathe ; paralyse (16. 6).pergo, -ere, -reomm (3). pro-
ceed, hasten.periclitor (1), prove, test. periculosus, -a, -um, dangerous. periculum, -i,"··danger.perimo, -ere, -emi, -emptum (3),
destroy.peritus, -a, -um, skilled : in
structed in (withgm.).perlustro (1), traverse, examine ;
ocu1is perlustrare, to survey, glance over.
perm1"o, -ere, -misi, -missmn (3).entrust.
perobscurus, -a, -um, very obscure.
peropportune, adv., very oppor tunely,
perpello, -ere, -puli, -pulsum (3),drive, urge.
perperam, ado., wrongly.perpetro (r), finish ;attend to (8. 1).perpehitu, -tatis, f., perpetnity.
82
perpetuus, -a, -um, perpetual ; ioperpetuity.
persaepe, ado., very often.perscribo, -ere, -acripsi, -acriptum
(3), write fully.persequor, -i, -aecutus (3), pursue. peraolvo, -ere, -aohi, -solutum (3},
pay, perform.perstringo, -ere, -strimi, -
strictum (3), graze ; cbill, paralyse (25. 4). persuadeo, -ere, -suasi, -
suasum (2),persuade (with dat.).
perterreo (2), terrify.pertineo, -ere, -ui (2), affect, belong
to, concern.perturbo (I), agitate, alarm. pervagor (1), wander through. pervenio, -ire, -veni, -ventum (4),
anive, reach ; extend.pes, pedis, m., foot ; foot ( =1z
inches) (35. 9).pessimua, -a, -um, worst, fouL pestifer, -era, -erum, deadly. pestilmtia, -ae, /., pestilence.peto, -ere, -ivi (il), -itum (3). seek,
attack, make for ; beg, beseech. piacularis, -e, purificatory, pro
pitiatory.piaculum, -i, n., atonement, ex-
piation.Ph:tor, -oris, m., Fabius Pictor.pictus, SU pingo.pie, adu., rightfully. righteously. pietaa, -tatis,/., sense of duty, piety. piget (2), impwson., dislike, regret. pigritia, -ae, /., reluctance.pila, -ae, /., column.Pila Horatia, the Horatian Colnmn.pilleus, -i, m., or n., pilleum, (felt)
cap. •pjlum, -i,n., javelin.
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 257PiDarii, -orum, "'·pl., the Pinarii
(Roman gms).pingo, -ere, pimi, pictum (3), paint,
embroider.Piao, -onis, m., Piso (Roman his
torian).pius, -a, -um, dutiful, righteous,
religious.placeo (2), be pleasing, find
favour with (will& dal.) ; imjJtJrson., it is decided.
placo (1), appease.planus, -a, -um, plain, level. plebs, plebis, f., plebs, commoDS.plenUB, -a, -um, full ;
completed :crowded (of gates, 14. 8).
plerumque, adv., for the most part. plermque, -aque, -umque, in pl.,
the most.pluo, -ere, -i (vi) (3), imjJMsm., it
rains.plurimum, adv., most, mostly. plurim1111, -a, -um, very many. plus, plmis, more.pl1111, adv., more.poena, -ae,/., punishment. poeta, -ae, m., poet. poeticus, -a,-um, of a poet.Polilorium, -i, n., Politorium.polleo (2), be powerful.polliceor (2), promise.pomerium, -i, n., the pomerium. Pometinus, -a, -um, of Pometia. Pompilius, -i, m., Numa Pompi-
lius.pcmdo, adv., by weight.poudus, -eris, n., weight.pono, -ere, posui, positum (3),
place, pitch, put ; lay or set aside.
pom, pontil, m., bridge.
pontifu, -flcis, m., priest, highpriest.
populabmidus, -a, -um, bent ou raiding.
popularis, -e, of the people. popular (1), lay-waste.populus, -i, m., people, nation ;
tribe.porcus, -1, m., pig.porrigo, -ere, -rui, -rectum (3),
stretch out : porrectus, extend ing.
porro, adv., forward, onwards.porta, -ae, f., gate.portemto, -ere, -di, -mum (3),
holdout ; mean, portend.
partemum, -i,n., portent. porticus, -us,/., colonnade. porto (1), carry.posco, -ere, poposci (3), demand.poaeuio, -innis,/., rlgbt of hold-
ing.posaideo, -ere, -sedi, -sessum (2),
hold, possess.pollllUll, poue, pohi, be able, can.pOBt, adv., and prep. with acc.,
after,since.
pOBtea, adv., afterwards.posterus, -a, -um, after, next : in
pl., posterity.pOBtmoclum, adv., afterwards.postmoerium, the part behind the
wallpostquam, conj., after, when. pommo, adv., finally.pomemus, -a, -um, last.postulatum, -1, n., demand.poatulo (1), demand.potens, poW1til, powerful : rlcb
(33. S) : sui potemi, one's own master.
pot.estaa, -tam,/., authority, power;
opportunity.potior, -i1111, preferable.poticr (4), gain possession of (will&
abl.).potisaimum, most of all, especially.potiaalmus, -a, -um, most suitable.Potitii, -orum, m. pl., the Potitii
(Lalin g1111S ). poti1111, adv., rather. poto (I), drink.prae, prep. with abl., before ;com-
pared with : prae se fern, assert.
praelieo (2), afford, offer.praeceps, -cipitil, headlong.praecipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, in-
struct.praecipue, adv., especially. praeaipuus, -a, -um, special praeco, -onis, m., herald. praecla, -ae, f., plunder, booty. praedor (I), plunder. praefeetus, -1, m., prefect.praefero, -fern, -tuli, -la'1un, put
• • • before, (acc. and dal.).prae!cio, -ere, -feai, -fecm.m, place
over, appoint.praefluo, -ere, -uxi, -uxum (3), flow
by.praemitto, -ere, -misi, -miuum (3),
send on in advance.praemium, -i, n., reward.praeparo (1), get ready beforehand ;
prepare.praepoDeo (2), be very powerfulpraesagio (4), have presentiment
oLpraeB8D8, -ntis, present, in person : of the moment, immetliate.
praeses, -idis, c., protector, guardian.
-mun.
praesidium, -1, tt., protection, gnard ; garrison.
praesto, adv., ready, present.praesto, -are, -stiti, -sti.tum (sta&um)
(1), excel (will& dat.).praesum, -818e, -fui, preside over
(will& dal.).praeter, prtlJI. will& acc., besides,
except ; inaddition to (57. 2).praeterea, adv., besides.praetereo, -ire, -ii (ivi), go by
or past ; pass : praeteritum, past.
praeteniuam, except ; praeterquam quod, besides the fact that.
praetata, -ae, f., (toga) praetexta.praeuro, -ere, -USBI, -ustum (3),
burn at the end ; harden in the:fire.
praevaleo (2), predominate.pra't'lt, adv., improperly.pra1'UI, -a, -um, evil, improper. pl'llC&tio, -ionis, J., prayer, entreaty. precor (1), pray, entreat.premo, -ere, pressi, pressum (3),
press hard (57. 3).premo (1), solicit.pretium, -i, n., price, value.[pm], prece, /., dafecl., prayer,
entreaty.pridem, adv., long since.primo, ad11., at :first.primonllum, -i, n., very beginning. primorea, -um, m. pl., :first rank
(12. 7) : leading men.primum, adv., :first, in the :first
place ; quam primum, as soon as possible.
primus, -a, -um, :first.prlnceps, -ipis, foremost : as noun,
chief man.
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY 259
pri:ncipium, -i,ti., beginning.prior, -us, former, first ; last
(58. 8).priscnu, -a, -um, old, former.prius, adv., first.priusquam, conj., before ; after
t111g., until.privatim, adv., in private ; un
officially.privatus, -a, -um, private ; as t10Ut1,
private citizen.pro, f>rejJ. with abl., instead of, for,
before ; pro carto, for certain, ascertain.
Procaa (l'roca), -ae, m., Procas(Albat1 king).
procedo, -ere, -ceui, -cessum (3), advance, succeed.
procella, -ae, /., storm, squall. proceres, -um, m. pl., chieftains,
leading men.proclamo (1), proclaim.procreo (1), beget. Proculus, -i, m., Proculus. procul, adv., far, from afar.procumbo, -ere, -cubui, -cubmun
(3), lie down.procurq (1), arrange.prodeo, -ire, -ii (in), -itum,
comeforward.
procligium, -i, t1., portent.proclitio, -iODill, /., treason,
treach ery.proditor, -oris, m., traitor.prodo, -ere, -didi, -climm (3), band
down ; set (an uample).proelium, -i,n., battle.prafecto, adv., certainly, assur
edly.
profero, -ferre, -tun. -latum, extend.
proflciacor, -i, -fectus (3), start. set
out.profluo, -ere, -Ji, -:mm (3), :flow
forward.profugio, -ere, -fugi, -fugimm (3),
fly.profugus, -a, -um, banished, an
exile.profmulus, -a, -um, deep.progenies, -ei, /.. offspring, de
sceodants.prognatus, -a, -um, born, de
scended.prohibeo (2), check, binder, pre-
vent.proinde, adv., accordingly.prolabor, -i,-lapsus (3), fallforward. proles, -is,/., offspring, stock. promiace, adv.,without distinction.promiacuus, -a, -um, promiscuous. promptus, -a, -um, ready, bandy ;
bold (54. 2).prope, adv., and f>rlfl· wilh actJ.,
near, almost.prope diam, adv., soon.propera, adv., hastily.propinquitaa, -tam, /.• nearness.propinquus, -a, -um, near, neigh-
bouring ; as t1oun, relative.propior, -us, nearer.propitius, -a, -um, propitious,
gracious.propius, adv., nearer.propono, -ere, -poaui, -posi\um (3),
put forth ; display. proprius, -a, -um, one's own.propter, pr.p. wilh actJ., on account
oLpropulso (1), repel.prospectus, -us, m., view.
prDIPllf, -a, -um, successful.
protraho, -ere, -trui, -traohun (3).
draw forth, produce.pnrridentia, -ae,j., foresight,
provi- dence.provoco (1), appealprovolo (1), fly or rush forward.. prm:ime, adv., very near ; quam
proxime, as near as poSS1Dle.promnus, -a, -um, nearest, last ;
very near.prudentia, -ae, j., knowledge.puber (pubes), -eris, grown up,
adult ; of manhood ; puberes, adult males.
pubes, -is, f., youth (young man) ;soldiery.
publica, adv., publicly ; at the pub lic expense ; officially (26. 13). publicum, -i, t1., state or
publictreasury.
publi.cus, -a, -um, public, the nation's, official ; in publlco, in public.
pudicitia, -ae, /., modesty.puaDa, -ae, j., girl.puer, -i,m., boy.puerilla, -e, of a boy, boy'Lpugil. -is, m., boxer.pupa, -ae,j., :fighting, battle, com-
bat ; attack. pupo (1), :fight.pulchmudo, -inis, j., beauty. pulso (1), beat ; maltreat (14. 1), pulvia, -eris, m., dust.Punicus, -a, -um, Carthaginian,
Punic.purgamentum, -i, t1., refuse.purgo (1), clear, excuse ; make
apologies (22. 6).purus, -a, -um, pure, clear ;innocent.
puto (1), think, suppose. PylaemllDlll, -ae, m., Pylaemenes. Pythagoras, -ae, m., Pythagoras.PyUdcus, -a, -um, Pytbian.
qua, adv., where, on which side. quacumque, adv., wherever. quadrageni, -ae,-a, forty each. quadraginta, forty.cpadrifariam, adv., in four parts.quadrigae, -j. pl., teams of
four.quadringmti, -ae, -a, four hundred. quadro (1), square ; quadratus, -a,
-um, squared, hewn.quaero, -ere, quaesivi, quaesitum
(3), seek, ask.qualia, -e, inllirrog., of what kind ; t'tJlativtJ, as, (of such a kind) as.
quam, adv., as, then, how ; how
much.quamquam, conj., although.quamns, conj.,although; however.qwmdo, when?qwmdo, ever (ajltJr si, nisi, ne, num).quandoque, qwmdocumque, when-
ever.quazims, -a, -um, how great or
much ; (as great) as. quartus, -a, -um, fourth. quasi, adv., as if, as though. quattuor, four.-que, and ; -que • • • -que, both • • •
and.quercus, -us,/., oak.querella, -ae, j., lamentation.queror, -i, queatus (3), complain.qui, quae, quod, t'IJl, pron., who,
which, that ; what. 'qui, quae, quod, inllirrog. adj., what;
i"'14ftn. adj., any.
26o LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY
qui&, conj•• because.quicumque, quae-, quod-, whatever,
whoever, whatsoever.quid, adv., why, how.quidam, quaec1am. quoddam, a cer
tain.quidem, indeed ; ne • • • quidem,
not even.quies, quietis, j., rest, quiet, re-
spite ;hush.quietua, -a, -um, quiet, at rest.quWbet, quae-, quod-, any.quin; conj., but that ; that • • •
not. without ; as adv., nay, why • • • not.
QuincW, -orum, m.pl.,the Quinctii.quinquaginta, fifty.quinque, five.quippe, for, for of course.Quirinalis, .... Quirinal.Quiriu.111, -i, m., Quirinus
{Romu lus).Qumtes, -ium, m. pl., the Quirltes
{=Romans).quis, quid, who? what?qui&, quid, indtsfin., anyone, any
thing.quimam, quaenam, quidnam, who
(/way)?quisquam, quicquam, anyone, any.quiaque, quaeque, quidque (quod
que), each.quiaquia, quicquid (quidquid), adj..
quodquod, whoever, whatever. quo, whither?, to which?quo, ralal. adv., whither, to which.quoacl, adv., as long as.quad, t:lltlj., because, that ; quad
Iii, but if.quondam, adv., formerly ; one day;
at one time.
quouiam, conj., since.quoque, adv., also, too, even.
:Bamnes (Ramn11D8811), -ium, tll.pl.,the Ramnenses Of' Ramnes.
rapina, -ae, j., robbery, plunder. rapio, -ere, -ui, -tum, seize, carry
off ; whirl ; rapta, -Ol'UDlt n.pl.,plunder.
raptim, adv., hmriedly, swiftly. raro, adv., rarely, seldom.rams, -a, -um, rare.ratio, -ionis, f., method. ratia, -ill,j., raft, boat.rams,from reor.rams, -a, -um, :fixed, valid ; ratum
affl.cere, to ratify.Bea, -ae, j., Rea Silvia. rebello (x), rebel, renew war. recens, -ntia, new, recent.recenseo, -ere, -ui, -um (2), review.receptaculum, -i, n., refuge, re-
ceptacle.recipero (r), recover.recipio, -ere, -cepl, -ceptum, re
ceive, capture (55. I) ; 18 recipere, betake oneself, make one'sway, retorn.
recito (I), read aloud,reconcilio (x), win back : in
gratlam reconcDiare, reconcile. recte, adv., justifiably, rightly. rectus, -a, -um, straight, right, up
right, honest (27. x) ; c1eaJ:(2+ 7).
recuao (:i:), refuse, object.reddo, -ere, -c1idi, -c1lium (3), give
back, retorn : answer (7. 7,56. xo) ; iura redden, administer justice.
redintegro (x), renew, begin afresh.
recluco,·-ere, -zi, -chm (3), lead back.
nfello, -en, -i (3), prove fa1se,refute.
r nfero, -ferre, rettull, relatum, bring back, report; reJat.e (59, IO) ; nferre gradnm (r+ 8), retreat.
relcio, -ere, -feci. -fectum, refresh
(7.4l : make (of tn1n141J1). regalil, -a, regalregia, -aa, j., palace, royal house,
court.regio, -ionis, f., district, quarter. regi111, -a, -um, royal, of a king or
prlnce ; kingly.repo (x), reign, am king.npum, -i, n:, kingdom,
throne (46. 3), sovereign power ; royal power, reign, monarchy.
rego, -en, -zi, -chm {3), rule.reJigio, -ionis, j., religious
scruple, observance, piety ; in pl., wor ship.
relinquo, -ere, -liqui, -lictum (3), leave, abandon, give up.
reliquus, -a, -um, remaining.remeclium, -i, n., remedy. Bem111, -i,m., Rmnua. renovo (r), renew. reD'lliltio (x), report.rear, reri, rams (2), think, be-
lieve.repens, -ntis, sudden, fresh. repente, adv., suddenly. repatimu, -a, -um, sadden.repeto, -ere, -hi (ii), -limn (3).
seek back Of' again ; attack again ; demand.
repono, -en, -posui, -posilum (3), place back.
reputo (I), reflect.
requiro, -ere, -quisivi, -quilllimn (3), desire to regain.
res, rei, J.. thing, affair, matter,deed, government, state : pro perty ; res repetere, to demand restitution or satisfaction : res mllitaris, warfare : rem divinam facere, to offer sacrifice.
reaervo (1), keep back. reserve. resid11111, -a, -um, remaining over
from ( +cm.).resisto, -ere, -Bti.ti (3), resist ( +cial.);
rally ; &top short (48. 6).respergo, -ere, -Iii, -sum (3), be
sprinkle.respicio, -ere, -spezi, -apectum, look
back, regard.respondeo, -ere, -di, -sum (2), reply,
answer.reapomum, -i, n., answer.reatingao, -ere, -zi, -chm (3), ex·
tinguish.restia, -is, f., rope.re&ineo, -ere, -ui, -tum (2), detain,
keep.retro, adrJ., back, backwards. reua, -i,m., accused person.nvaho, -ere, -val, -nctum (3),
carry (home), bring back. revereor (2), stand in awe of. revoco (1), recall.ru. regis, "'··king.rigo (1), water.ripa, -ae, f., bank. rite, adv., duly.mus, -111, m., rite, due form ;
ritual.riu, -ae, j., fight, quarrelrobar, -orla, n., stren.toughness. rogito {I), question, ask :frequently. rogo (1), ask ; propose (17. 9).
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARYBoma, -ae, /., Rome.Bomau:u, -a, -um, Roman. Bomularis, -e, of Romulus. Romulus, -i, m., Romulus.Romulus, -i, Silvius, -i, m.,
Romu-lus Silvius.
rudimentum, -i, n., beginning, first
attempt.rwlis, -e, uncivilised, unacquainted
with (7. 8).ruiDa, -ae, f., downfall ; pl.,
ruin,desolation (29. 6).
B.uminalis, -e, of Rumina.rumpo, -ere, rupi, ruptum (3),
break.ruo, -ere, -i, -tum (3), rush. ruptor, -oris, m., breaker. rursus, adv., again.B.utuli, -arum, m.pl.,the Rutuli.
Sabinus, -a, -um, Sabine ; as noun,a Sabine.
sacellum, -i, n., chapel.acer, -era, -crum, sacred, holy. ucerdos, -otis, c., priest, priestess.ucerdotium, -i, n., priestly office.aacrarium, -i, n., sanctuary, shrine. aacratus, -a, -um, sacred. aacrlflcium, -i, n., sacrifice.aacro (1), consecrate.aacrum, -i, n., sacred rite, sacrifice,
religious observance.saeculum, -i, n., generation, age :
pl., period, age.aaepe, adv., often.uepio, -ire, -psi, -ptum (4), enclose,
hem in.uevire in, show no mercy to.uevitia, -ae,/. cruelty.ugmen. -inis, n., tuft {of sacred
herbs).Salii, -arum, m.pl., the Salli.aalinae, -arum, /.pl., salt pits or
pans.saltUus, -us, m., leaping. saBem. adv., at least. aaliUI, -us, m., glade.saluhris, -e, healthy, salutary. salus, -utis, f., safety. salutatio, -ionis, j., salutation.saluto (l), salute. aalveo (2), be well. salve, adv., well. salvus, -a, -um, safe.Samius, -a, -um, of Samas.sancio, -ire, -zi, -ctum (4), ratify,
solemnise.sanet1u, -a, -um, inviolable ; sacred
(28. 9) ; binding (8. 2).sane, adv., certainly, by all means.sanguinaus, -a, -um, bloody.sanguis, -inis, m., blood.satis, adv., enough, adequately,
well enough, sufficiently, quite.samm, -i,n., stone.aceleratus, -a, -um, of crime ;
wicked.acelus, -eris, n., crime, guilt.acilicet, adv., of course.acindo, -ere, acidi, acissum (3), rend. scio (4), know.aciscitor (l), question, ask.acisco, -ere, acivi, acitum (3), re
solve.scitum, -i,n., decision.acn'llo, -ere, acripsi, scriptum (3),
enrol : write.acriptm; -oris, m., author, his
torian.icmum, -i. n., shield.ae, BUi, Bibl. 1e, rajla.fmmoun,
himself, herself, itself, themselves.
aecemo -ere, -crevi, -cretum (3),separate.
88Cl'lltua, -a, -um, separate ; inaecmum, into a private place,apart.
aecundum, pr.p. with acc., after, next to ; following on, in accord ance with.
.secnuulus, -a, -um, second, vic-torious.
aecu:da, -ii, f., axe, hatchet.Bed, but.aedeo, -ere, sedi, aeaum (2), sit.1edea1 -ii, f., habitation, home ;
seat.aeditio, -ionia, f., insurrection :
civil commotion.aeditiosus, -a, -um, turbulent.aedo (1), calm.aedulo, adv.,busily, diligently. aeguil, -e, inactive.aegrego (1), separate; break up ;
divide.aella, -aa, /., chair. 11811181, adv., once.lemeD, -inis, n.• seed, lineage.aemper, adv., always. 1111D&tor, -oris, m., senator. aenatus, -ua, m., senate.aenectus, -mtis,/•• old age.aeneaco, -ere, aenui (3), grow old,
decay, decline.1ena, 1eaii, m., old man ;
compar.,senior.
'8Jl.liJD, adv., gradually.llllDSUI, -tll, m., feeling. perception. 18Dtentia, -ae, /., opinion : in
118Jltentiam inire, to vote infavour of a proposal.
Nlltio, -ire, -al, -sum (4), feel, perc:eive.
aepelio, -ire, -ivi (ii), -ultum (4),bury.
aepono, -ere, -posui, -positum (3), set aside.
1eptem. seven.aeptemrjo, -ionil, m., tuUally pl.,
the north.1eptingenteaimt11, -a, -um, seven-
hundredtli.aeptuaginta, seventy. aepulcrum, -i,n., sepulchre. aepultura, -ae, /.. burial.nquor, -i,aecutus (3),follow,
attend, pursue.aerenus, -a, -um, bright.llBrius, -a, -um. serious ; n. pl.,
aeria, business. · aermo, -onia, m., laug'uage. lerUI, -a, -um, late.aerva, -ae, f., female slave.lleni1il, -arum, m. pl., the Servilil.aervilia, -e, slave-like. senio (4), be a slave. aervitium, -i,n., slavery.senitus, -"1tis, /., servitude.Bervius, -i, m., Servius.servo (1), save, keep, observe. 1ervua, -i,m., slave.8888=18.aeu =ain.BU, six.si, conj., if.lh'llylla, -ae, j., the Sibylla.lie, adv., thus, so. licco (1), dry, drain. Biccus, -a, -um, dry. Sicilia, -ae, j., Sicily.Siculus, -a, -um, Sicilian.aiaut, just as.llipia, -ae,J., Signia,,aigni4co (I), signify ; indicate.
264 LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY
aignum, -i, n., standard, sign, land- 1oleo, -era, lloliiu ll1lJll (2), am
mark ; ad prima ligna, in the wont, accustomed.van, thick of the fray. 1olld111, -a, -um, complete.
Bilentium, -i, n., silence. aolitudo, -inis,j., desert, wilderness. Bilu, -icia, m., flint. aolium, -i, n., throne.ailu, -ae, f., wood, forest. aollemnia, -e, yearly, customary ;Silvius, -i, m., Silvius (Alban /ri"f)• ceremonial ; solemn.aimilia, -e, like (followed by tlal. a1ul aollemne, -is, n., festival, cere-• g.). • • • mony : custom (31.4).
aimiliiudo, -JDJS, /., likeness, llimi- aolllcito (1), stimulate; disturb,
larity. in:itate.Bimul. adu., together, at the same BOllicmu,-a, -um, distracted.
time. aolatitialia, -a, solar.aimulatio, -ionia, f., assumed ap- 1olum, -i,11., grouml.
pearance. aolum, ad11., only.Bimnlo (1), pretend. 1011111 -a, -um, alone.aimuliaa, -tam,/., feud. aolvo, -era, -i, 1olutum (3), loosen, Bin, conj., if however. pay ; discontinue (49. 7).line, prep. wilh abl., without. aonmus, -i,m., sleep.lingnli, -ae, -a, one each ; one at a aopio (4), put to asleep ; aopitua,
time (25. 7) ; individual. stunned (41.5) ; asleep (58. 2).sinister, -tra, -trum, left. aopor, -aria, m., sleep.lino, -ere, aivi, llitum (3), bury aordidua, -a, -um, low, base,
(2. 6) ; let, allow ; amu, placed. mourning (10. 1).linm, -us, m., bay, gulf. aoror, -oria,/., sister.siato, -ere, &ti.ti, atatum (3), stay, aororius, -a, -um, of a sister.
check, stop. 1ors, sortia, /., lot, inheritance,
aitio (4), be thirsty. share ; fate, chance (56. u) ;amu, -us, m., position, situation. pl., oracle.live (nu), or if : Bive (aeu) • • • Bive sospito (1), protect.
(seu), whether • • • or. spatium, -i, n., full course, space,eocer, -eri, m., father-in-law. period, respite.aocietu, -tatiB, /., alliance, assocla- speciu, -el, /., sight : pretxt :
tion. beauty (7. 4).socius, -a, -um, allied ; as noun, speciOIUI, -a, -um, having a good
ally. appearance, plausiole.socorditer, adu., careleas1y ; com- speataculum, -i, n., spectacle, sight;
par., aocordiua, less promptly. stand {al "shout, 35. 8). aocora, -dis, senseless, careless. spectator, -mil, "' ·spectator.socrua, -us, /., mother-in-law. specto (1), watch, view ; a1io
sol, eolia, m., sun.have another bear-
ing; apectatua, tested, proved ; spectatisaimum, the decisive proof.
spec1111 -1111 m., cave.apelunca, -ae, /., cave.apemo, -ere, sprevf, spretum (3),
despise, spurn.spero (1), hope, hope for•apes, spei,f.,hope : spem facere, to
inspire hope.spirit11ll, -us, m.,breath ;pl.,spirits.spolio (1), spoil. spolium, -i,n., spoil.BpODIUll, -i,m.,betrothed.sponte, ad11., of one's own accord. atabilia, -e, :firm, permanent. atabulum, -i,11., stall, cottage. atagnum, -i,11., poolatatlm. adu., immeruately.sWivus, -a, -um, stationary ;
caatra atatiTa, permanent camp. Stator, Statoria, m., the Stayer. ata\ua, -ae, /., statue.steluo, -ere. -i, -tum (3). set,
determine, assign.status, -111, m., state.8'emo, -ere, B\ravi, B\ratum (3),
overthrow, breach (29. 2).atimuJo (I), stimulate, UJ'g8 OD,
provoke, goad.sti.pendium, -i, n., stipend, pay ;
sti.pamlia mereri, to serve cam-paigns. •
&ti.po (1),throng : atipatua, attended{by).
etirps (Btirpis), -is, f., family, breed,stock ; offspring, issue.
ato, -an, eteti, atatum (1), stand, stand secure (29. 6).
atragaa; -is, f., slaughter.etrenuus, -a, -um, active.
atrepitua, -us, m., noise, din. atringo, -era, -mi, -ctum (3), draw,unsheathe.
etruo, -ere, -:Ii,-ctum (3), draw up, array.mulao (2), be eager, desire anxi
ously.shullum, -i, n., eagerness, desire :
pl., learning (18. 2).mutitia, -ae,/.,folly; idiocy (56. 8). atupeo (2), be amazed, stunned. atupro (1), debauch.stuprum, -i,n., defilement.mb, prep. with ac&. and abl.,under :
of tima, wilh ac&., just before, at. mbeo, -ire, -ivi (ii), -itnm, go up:draw off to (28. 5).
aubicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, put under ; make subject ; suggest (sg. JI).
aubigo, -ere, -egi, -actum (3), com-pel
aubito, ad11., suddenly. llUbitua, -a, -um, sudden. aubllca, -ae, f., pile.aublicius, -a,·-um, resting on piles.aubllmis, -e, on high, aloft. aubmergo, -ere, -Bi, -sum (3),
drown.aubmitto, -era, -misi, -misaum (3),
let down, lower.aubeido, -ere, -eedi, -sllBIUDl (3), &it
down, lie.aubaisto, -ere, -etiti (3), stand :firm ;
encounter, face.mbeum, -eBBe, remain.aucoedo, -era, -ceesi, -c911BUJ1l (3),
retreat : succeed (48. 8).IUDC9llllUll, -us, m., advance.Sueua, -ae, PometiA, -ae, /., Suessa
Pometia.
-mm.
266 LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY
inllfragium, -i, fl., vote, voting, snfirage : baira ll1llf:ragium, begin voting.
nm, esae.fui, am, exist.l1UllJD&, -ae. f., sum : 11U1UD&
rarum. administration.1111111DUS, -a, -um, top of, greatest, supreme: mmma rarum. the
most important undertakings(36. 6).
nmo.-ere.nmpsi, nmptmn (3), take, gain, undertake.
aumptua, -us, m., expense.auopte, -apte =no, aua.suontamilia, -um, n. pl., sacrifice
of pig, sheep, and bullsuper, adv., and prljJ. with acc., and
ahl., above, over, on. superbe, adv., haughtily. superbia, -ae, f.pride.auperbus, -a, -um, proud ; over
bearing (So. 3).superior, -us, high, upper : for.
mer.supame, adv., from above, down
wards.supero (1), cross, swpass. superpono, -ere, -posui, -positum
(3), place upon ( +tlal.). supemu, smviving. superstitio, -ionis, j., superstition. superaum, --. -fui, remain, sur-
vive ; be excessive.auppedito (1), suffice (55. 7).supplementmn, -i, n., accretion of
numbers.aupplex, -icis, suppliant. suppllcium, -i,fl., punishment. supra, adv., and fJrljJ. wilh acc.,
above, beyond.uprucando (3), climb over, pass.
BUScipio, -ere, -cepi, -ceptum, un dertake, adopt ; recognise as such (20. 7).
8118p8Ddo, -ere, -di, -sum (3), hang : SUBp8DIUll, anxious, in suspense (25. 2) : outspread (3+ 8).
snspicio.-ere, -spai. -spedum, look up to : suspectua, suspected.
smtineo, -ere, -tinui, -tentmn (2), support, hold firm : withstand (41.4).
BUUS, -a, •um, his, her, their (own).nuspte, tJmphalic fonn of BUUB.
T.=Titus.tabema, -ae, f.shop.tabula, -ae, f., (writing) tablet.taceo (2), am silent ; conceal
(56. II).tacitus, -a, -um, silent.taedet (2), itnptJrs., be wearied.taedium, -i, fl., weariness, loath-
ing.Talaaius, -i, m., Talassius. taiemum. -i,n., a talent. talis, -e, such.tam, so.tanum. nevertheless, however, yet.tamquam. as if.Tauaquil,-Dis,f.,Tanaquil.tandem. adv., at length.tango, -ere, tetigj, tactmn (3).
touch ; strike (S. 6). tantisper adv., meanwhile.tantus, -a, -um, so great. tantum,
adv., so much, only.Tarpeius, -i,m.,Taipeius (Spurlus).'larpeiua, -a, -um, Tarpeian. 'larquinia. -ae.f., Tarquinia. Tarquinli, -orum, m.pl., Tarquinii. 'l'arquinlus, -a, -um, of Tarquinii.
'farquinina. -1, m., Tarquinius ;(1) Lucius Tarquinius Priscus.(2) Lucius Tarqninius Superbus,(3) .Arruns Tarquinius,(4) Sextus Tarquinius,(S) Titus Tarquinius,(6) Tarquinius Coulatinus.
Tatius, -i,m., ntua Tatius.tectum, -1, ,.., house, building.tego, -ere, tal, tectum (3), cover :
protect (53. 8).tegumen, -inis, ti., covering.tegumentmn, -i,n., covering.Tellena, -arum, n. pl., Tellena
(Lalin city).telum, -i,n., weapon.temere, adv., without good reason
°' design.tameritaa. -tam. f.,recklessness.tempera (1), regulate, discipline ;
." spare (with tlal., 29. 6}htempeatas, -tam, f., season, time,
period ; storm. templum, -i,t1., temple.temp&o (1), attempt, prove.tempua, -aria, ti., time.tendo, -ere, tetamli, tenaum (3),
direct one's conrse.tenebrae, -arum, f.pl., darkness.teneo, -ere, tenui, tentmn (2), hold,
keep ; sail (1.4), prevail (<J. 6).
tennis, -e, thin, BCallty.teigum, -i, ... back, terga nrtere,
:flee.terminus, -i,...boundary. Terminus, -i, m., Terminus.temi, -ae, -a, three each or apiece.taro, -ere, tmi, mtmn (3), wear.
waste : spend (of limtJ).tern, -ae. f., land, ground : in
terris, on earth.
terrestria, -e, of the earth. tenibilis, ....terrible.terror, -oris, m., terror, danger
(2. 3) : ad terrorem, to intimidate.
tenius, -a, -um, third. testamemum, -i,ti., will. testia, -is, c•• witness.tenor (1), call to witness ; make a
will (3+ 3).tetdcus, -a, -um, austere. 'l'iberinus, -a, -um, Tiberlnua. 'fiberis, -is, m., the Tiber. tigillum, -i,n., little beam. timeo (2), fear.timor, -oris, m..fear. Titiamses, -ium, m., Titienses.Titus, -i, Tatius, -i,m.,Titus Tatius.toga, -ae, f., toga.tollo, -ere, suatuli, 8l1blatum (3).
raise ; recover (32. 3) ; remove.tonitrus, -us, m., thunder. torpeo (2), be torpid, paralysed. tot, so many.totidem, just so many. totiem, so often.totus, -a, -um, whole, entire. trabea, -ae, f.,robe of state.trado, -ere, -c1idi, -clif!um (3), hand
down or over, record.traduco, -ere, -dmi, -ductmn (3),
transfer.tragicnu, -a, -um, fit for tragedy,
tragic.tnho, -ere, trazi, tractmn (3), draw;
claim(7. 1), attract (30. 7).traicio, -ere, -ieci, -iectum, cross. traiec:tna, -us, m., crossing. tranquillus, -a, -um, calm, serene. transeo. -ire, -ii (ivi), -Hum, caoss :
desert (27. 5).
268 LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARY a6g
trausfero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, transfer, shift.
tramflgo, -ere, -1l:l:i. -hum (3),transfix, pierce.
transfugio, -ere, -fugi, -fugitum, ftee over to, desert.
transigo, -ere, -egi, -acmun (3),transact.
tramilio (4), leap over. tramitio, -icmil, f., desertion.trammitto, -ere, -misi, -missum (3),
send °" throw across.traDnemla, -a, -um. in flank.&recenti, -ae, -a, three hundred. trepidatio, -ion.is, f., alarm. trepido (1), be excited, waver.trepidus, -a, -um. agitated :
alarm-ing (48. 1) ; alarmed (6o. 1).
ves, ma, trium, three.tribunus, -i, m., tn"bune.mbua, -us J., a tn"be. tnlnltum, -i,n., tax, tn"bute.triceDi, -ae, -a, thirty each.tricesimus, -a, -um, thirtieth. TricipWnus, -i, m., Tricipitinus. higeminus, -a, -um. triplet ; triple
(of spoils).triginta, thirty.mpudium. -i,n., dance.tristis, -e, sad, gloomy.mumpho (1), celebrate (11 lriumph).Troia, -ae,j., Troy.Troi&Il.us, -a, -um, Trojan : as
noun, Trojan.trucido (I), kill cruelly.tu, ta, tui, tibi, ta, thou. mbicen, -cinis, m., trumpeter.Tul1ia, -ae, J.. Tullia.Tu11ii, -orom, the Tullii.Tullius, -i, Bemus, -i, m..
Servius Tullius.
Tullus, -i, m., Tullus Hostilius.tum, adu., then, on that occasion :
cum • • • tum, not only • • • but also, both • • • and.
tumultuarius, -a, -um, hastily levied.
tumulmose, adv., in °" with confusion : supiwl., with as muchnoise (as possiblts) (40. 5).
tumultuosus, -a, -um, noisy. tumultus, -us, m., uproar, rush,
tumult (29. 2), stampede, con-fusion (59. 6).
mnc, adv•• then. tunica, -ae, J.• tunic.mrba, -ae, J.• crowd, mob.mrbidus, -a, -um. stormy.turbo (1), disturb, throw into con-
fusion, violate.mrma, -ae, J.: squadron. Tum.us, -i, m., Tumus.Tusci, -mum, m.pl., Etruscans.'fusculanus, -a, -um, of Tusculum.mteia, -ae,f.,preservation, regency
(3. I).mtor (1), secure, keep. mtor, -aria, m., guardian. mm., -a, -um, safe.mus, -a, -um, your.tJramius, -i,m., tyrant, despot.
ubertaa, -tatis, f., productiveness. ubi, adv., where? ytilal. adv., in
which, where ; conj., when. ublcumqua, adv., wheresoever. ulciscor, -i,ultus (3), take revenge.Ulises, -is, m., Ulysses (Odys-
seus).ullus, -a, -um, any,ultimua, -a, -um, last, decisive
(15. 3), final ; distant (29. 4) ;
ad ultimuzn. at last (3<J. 5, 53• IO,5+ 2).
aBor, -oria, m., aV11Dger, revenger.uBra, prep. wilh aa;., and adv.,
beyond ; longer.
ullro, adv., actually, of one's ownaccmd.
umems, -i,m., shoulder.umquam, adv., ever.unde, adv., whence ; nlal. adv.,
whence, from where : from this cause (31. 5).
undacim, eleven.undlque, from OJ' on every side.mdcus, -a, -um, unique.universm, -a, -um, whole, all
together.unua, -a, -um, one ; ad unum, to
aman.
urblmna, -a, -um, belonging to OJ' ofthe city.
Urblus, -a, -um. (of) Urbius.urba, -Js,J., city.1111J:1WDt adv., anywhere.UlllJ1181 adv., right on : uqua
ad, right up to, as far as, down to.
UIUl'pO (I), exercise.Ullll, -us, m., employment (56. 3),
need.m, conj., as, when ; (in order)
that, ao that. ytilal. adv., as, how. IU qui, as one who.
mcumque, however.utemilia, -ium, n./Jl., utensils.IUar, utra, utrum, whichof thetwo : pl.,whichof two parties, sides OJ' lots.
IUarqua, -traque, -trumque, each OJ'both (of two), both: in pl.,each
of two sides °" lots.ati=ld.
utilia, -e, useful, expedient. utilitas, -ta.tis, f., advantage. utiqua, anyhow, certainly.utor, -i, UIUI (3), use, find (by
experlence) (9. 15) with abl.utrimqua, adv., on either side, from
°" by both sides.utroqua, adv., to both places. wi:or, -oria, f., wife.
vacuus, -a, -um, empty.vado, -era (3), go.vadum, -i, n., shallow, ford.vagRus, -us, "'··crying, wailing.vagua, -a, -um, unsettled.valao (2), be strong, have inftuence,
prevail.Valerius, -i,m., (1) Marcus Valerius,
(2) Publius Valerius.validus, -a, -um. strong, power·
fu1.vallis, -is, J., valley.vanua, -a, -um, empty (8. 5), U!le
less, untrue; weak (27. 1) : groundless ; ineffectual (10. 4).
vario (1), vary : impwson.,there isa difference of opinion. vane,
adv., variously.varlus, -a, -um, different : deinda
varlus, diverging from that point. vaa, n.sia, n., vessel: emblems,badge (2+ 5).
vaatatio, -ion.is, f., devastation.vaato (1), lay waste. vutua, -a, -um, vast.vates, -is, c., prophet, soothsayer.-ve, mdilic conj., or.'98hicu1um, -i, "··carriage.veho, -ere, val, vactum. (3), carry.Vaiau, -mis, of V8ii : VeillDtes,
-ium, m.pl., men of Veil.
LIVY, BOOK ONE VOCABULARYval, either ; val • • • val, either • •
• or.'91llamen, -inla, 11., covering, band. Tela (1). veil, cover, bind round. velut, as if ; as it were.1'8Der&bilis, -e, revered. 1'11Der&bundm, -a, -um, full of awe.VllJleror (1). worship ; do honour to
(S. 2).Vaneti, -orum, m. pl., the Veneti. Tania, -ae, f., pardon.VBDio, -ire, Yeui, venium (.t), come. va.or (1), hunt.venter, -tria, m., belly ; 1'8Dtrem
fern, be with child. 1'8Dtus, -i, m., wind. Venus, -eris,/., Venus. verbena, -ae, f. sprig.Yel'ber, -eris, m., lash, blow.verbero (1), ftog. ftrbum, -i,11., word. vere, adv., truly.Y8l'8C1lDdia, -ae, /., respect. "nridicm, -a, -um, truthful. Yel'O, adv., indeed, really. ftl'llO (I), turn, occupy.versus. prap. with acc., towards. Yerto, -ere, -ti, -sum (3), turn ;
V8l'llWI, facing ; devoted (21.2). Yerllll, -a, -um, true, genuine.
verum, 11. 6g. "' 11. pl., Tera,truth.
YerUtum, -i,11., dart, javelin.nscor, -i (3), feed on.Vesta, -ae,/., Vesta.Vestalis, -e, Vestal, of Vesta ; a.s
tlOll11, a Vestal virgin. vaster, -\ra, -tram, your. nstibulum, -i,11., vestt"bule.nstigium, -i, .. footprint, trace.Y8Btia, -ill,j., clothing, robe, dress.
veteranus, -a, -um, veteran.veto, -are, -ui, -itum (1), forbid. vetm, -eris, of long standing,
ancient, old.ntustu, -tatis, /., lapse of time. vatustua, -a, -um, ancient, old. Tia, -ae,j., road, way ; means.Yicem, -is, -e, pl., -es, -ibus, office ;
in Yicem. inturn.Yicesimus, -a, -um, twentieth. Yicinus, -a, -um, neighbouring;
near.Yictima, -ae,f., victim.victoria, -ae, /., victory.'rictar, -aria, conqueror, victorious.vicm, -icis, /ma. of Yillklr.vicus, -i,m., street.video, -ere, villi, Tisam, see ; pan.,
seem, seem good. Yidua, -ae, f., widow.Yidum, -a, -um, widowed.viginti, twenty.vigor, -aria, m., vigour. V"uninalis, -e, Vuninal.Yincio, -ire, -mi, -nctum (4), bind.Yinco, -ere, vici, Yictum (3), defeat,
outdo, overcome, be victorious. '9'inculum, -i,11., chain, bind ; cord. vindico (1), h"bera.te ;
protect (+3).
Yinum, -i,""· wine. viola.tu&, -a, -um, violent.Yiolo (I). violate.Yir, 'riri, m., man, hero ; husband. Yirginitu, -tatis, /•• virginity.Yirgo, -inis, f., virgin, maiden.virgultum, -i, n., bush ; pl., brush-
wood, thicket.'rirlliB. -e, manly ; atirpis 'Viiilis
male issue, son.'riritim, adv., individually.
virtus, -utis,f., worth (7. 14). merit, good quality, virtue ; valour (1.5).
Yia, Yim, vi, pl., Yins, f.pl., fon:e,quantity ; violence (attack) ; Yi et armis, by force of arms ; in pl., strength.
Yiao, -ere (3), view.Yiaus, -us, m., apparition (56. 5),
phenomenon.ma, -ae. f..life.vitium, -i,"··fault, vice.Tito (1), avoid.vivo, -ere, ..m, Yicmm (3), live.Yivua, -a, -um, alive, living.m, 4da.,hardly, scarcely.TOCiferor (1),shout,ra.iseone' svoice.1'000 (1), call, summon.Voleslus, -i, m., Volesius, father
of Pablius Valerius (58.6).volgo, adu., commonly, generally. YOlito (1), fiy (quickly).volo, valla, volui, wish, be willing;
TOleDS, gracioUI, willing.
Yolo (I), fty.Volsci, -orum, m.pl., the Volsci. voluntarius, -i,m., volunteer.Yoluntas, -tatis, j., will. wish,
desire ; opinion (28. 8).voluptas, -tatis, f.,pleasure.Yolvo, -ere, -Yi,-utum (3), turn over
(o/ pag11).VOS, pl., you. votum, -i,n., vow.YOVl!O, -ere, -vi, -tum (2), vow.YOX, YOcis,j., voice, cry; pl.,words,
expressions.Vulcanus, -i, m., Vulcan.valgo (1), make common (ro. 7) ;
prostitute (4. 7) ; vulgatus, common.
Tulgo, adv•• =YOlgo."flllgus, -i, n., common people, the
commons.Yulnero (1), wound. Tulnus, -eris, n., wound. Tulmr, -mis, m., vulture.
l'llDITJUI DI GJlllAT BRITADI BY RDlllDlT JIACUUIDSR AHD CO, LTJI.
ftlll 1JJIJV]lll!llTY P211SS, GLASGOW