21.1– compromise over slavery worked for years. but as the country expanded west, the question of...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 21: A NATION DIVIDED
21.1– Compromise over slavery worked for years.
But as the country expanded west, the question of slave
and free land/states increased, and the issue
couldn’t be ignored. It was a moral issue!
21.2: Confronting the issue about Slavery
States North of the Ohio River = free states
Alabama = slave state Missouri???? See map on page 404)
21.2: Questions about Missouri
What to do with lands west of the Mississippi River?
If a state west of the Mississippi River was slave, would slavery spread to all future states in the Louisiana Territory?
21.2: Tallmedge Amendment
New York Rep. Tallmedge proposed that Missouri be admitted to the Union as a free state
Southern reps said slave/free was for the people of that state to decide, not for Congress to decide
Southern states were fans of states’ rights
21.2: A Deadlocked Congress
Tall. Amendment passed in the HOR
Tall. Amendment failed in the Senate
21.3: The Missouri Compromise
• Made in 1820• The South talked of
secession• North said “bring it on!”• (see map on page 404)
21.3: The Compromised is Reached
Henry Clay of Kentucky Maine = free state Missouri = slave state 36 30 parallel line States above line = free States below line = slave Kept a balance of power in
Congress
21.3: Reactions to the Compromise
Northerners called their reps traitors for allowing Missouri to become a slave state
Southerners didn’t like the ban on slavery in unorganized territories
Sec. State John Quincy Adams agreed that slavery could dissolve/break up the union
Summary Sentence
Debate continued over free/slave states. Tallmedge Amendment failed, but the Missouri Compromise passed in 1820 with Maine as a free state and Missouri admitted as a slave state. Both sides still unhappy.
21.4: The Missouri Compromise Unravels
2nd Great Awakening causes people to rethink about slavery
More people join the abolitionist movement
21.4: The “Gag” Rule Congress votes to table all anti-
slavery petitions/ideas John Quincy Adams proposes that
no one can be born into slavery after 1845
His idea is not even considered by Congress
Gag = can’t talk about it…silenced!
21.4: Southern Fears
Abolitionists continue to attack slavery in the media and in meetings
Nat Turner led a huge slave rebellion in 1831
As a result of the rebellion, the south made stricter laws to control slaves
They were afraid of more rebellions
21.4: Fugitive Slaves
Runaway slaves Slaveholders demanded
that Congress pass a Fugitive Slave law to help return their property
21.4: Slavery in the Territories
Wilmot Proviso proposed that no land gained from the war with Mexico (Mexican Cession) have slaves
Passed in the HOR but failed in the Senate (just like the Tallmedge Amendment)
21.4: Statehood of California
North wanted California to join the US as a free state Congress was deadlocked about
Cal. South threatened to secede again California was a huge piece of
land with valuable resources and a big population
21.5: The Compromise of 1850
Proposed by Henry Clay of Kentucky
Needed Webster of Massachusetts for support in the North
(see map on page 407)
21.5: Something for Everyone North liked California admitted as a
free state North liked that the slave trade was
stopped in the nation’s capital Washington DC
South liked the Fugitive Slave Act South liked that popular sovereignty
was to be used in the Utah and New Mexico Territories
21.5: The Compromise is Accepted
Debated in Congress for 9 months
Most were happy with the agreement
South still a bit nervous
21.6: The Compromise of 1850 Fails
Clay and Webster hoped the Compromise of 1850 would quiet things down
The debate intensified
21.6: The Fugitive Slave Act
Hard to enforce Slave hunters were hounded in
the North The north refused to do
something that was against their moral beliefs
The Underground Railroad was used instead
21.6: Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written by Harriet Beecher
Stowe Exposed the horrors of slavery Abolitionist movement gained
support This book did for the Civil War
what Common Sense did for the Revolutionary War
21.6: Ostend Manifesto and the Kansas Nebrska Act
An attempt by the south to make Cuba a southern state…didn’t work
Douglas wanted to build a railroad across the northern plains to California which would increase settlements and population in the North
Douglas made changes to please the South Popular sovereignty would be used in the
Kansas and Nebraska Territories to determine if states would be free or slave (map on page 410)
21.6: Bloodshed in Kansas
After the Kansas Nebraska Act was passed in 1854 both the North and the South sent people to Kansas to influence the vote
Kansas had 2 governments, one for slavery and one against slavery
Slavery supporters burned hotels, homes, etc. in Lawrence, KS (abolitionist base in KS)
Abolitionist John Brown retaliated by killing 5 men suspected of supporting slavery
21.6: Violence in Congress
Senator, Charles Sumner of Massachusetts strongly spoke out against violence in KS
Copies of his speech were distributed all over and the north gained more support
Sumner was later attacked by another Congressman
Both side became more dedicated to their cause
21.7: Dred Scott Decision
A Missouri slave named Dred Scott traveled to Wisconsin where he was free according to the Missouri Compromise
When he returned to Missouri he sued for his freedom thinking that his stay in Wisconsin made him a free man
Judge Roger Taney said that Scott could not sue for freedom because he was not a citizen, he was property
Taney also said that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and therefore his stay in Wisconsin didn’t make him a free man
21.7: North’s View
Hated it Taney’s ruling was a huge
step backward for the abolitionists because the Constitution was not on their side
21.7: South’s View
South rejoiced at the verdict
Hoped the issue of slavery in the territories had been settled
21.8: From Compromise to Crisis
The Dred Scott Case ruling made abolitionist realize that they needed a President to sway things in their favor
They started a new party, the Republican Party, with the purpose of putting an end to slavery
Lincoln ran for the Senate in Illinois Said a house divided against itself cannot
stand The US had to be all one thing, all slave
or all free
21.8: The Lincoln Douglas Debates
Ran against Stephen Douglas for the Illinois Senate seat
Douglas thought the US could be half free and half slave
Lincoln said slavery was a moral issue and could not be compromised
Lincoln lost the election His arguments for the morality of slavery
spread and made his quite popular
21.8: John Brown’s Raid
Extreme abolitionist John Brown organized a raid of an arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in 1859
The raid failed and all of Brown’s men were killed
John Brown has hanged for treason
12.8: North’s View
Praised John Brown Thought he was a hero A martyr who died for the
cause
21.8: South’s View
Thought John Brown was a crazy man
Did not like the way the North viewed him and did not want to be citizens of a country that would praise such a man
21.9: Election of 1860 and Secession
4 candidatesLincoln (Illinois) Republican PartyDouglas (Illinois) Northern
Democratic PartyBreckenridge (Kentucky) Southern
Democratic PartyBell Constitution (Tennessee)Union
Party
21.9: Lincoln is Elected President
The Democratic Party split between Douglas and Breckenridge
Lincoln won with only 40% of the vote
21.9: North’s View
Rejoiced that Lincoln won the presidency
21.9: South’s View View
South realized they were in the minority and that Congress would eventually outlaw slavery
21.9: The South Secedes from the Union
Lincoln made it clear that he would not compromise on slavery
Delegates met in Charleston, South Carolina and voted to secede from the Union
1861 secession began
21.9: Civil War Begins
Lincoln said in his inaugural address that secession was wrong and unconstitutional
April 12, 1861 the South fired on a federal Fort Sumter in South Carolina
North surrendered
Material to gather and study for Chapter 21 Quiz
Unit objective sheet A Nation Divided video guide 21.1-21.3 notes 21.4-21.6 notes 21.7-21.9 notes Election of 1860 graphic Cause graphic Causes chart Sheet on Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska
Act and the Compromise of 1850 John Brown painting discussion notes What else could you do to study?