20.3--domestic politics (truman & eisenhower)
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Ch.20.3:Domestic Politics
and PoliciesPP. 680-686
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Key Qs
• What were Truman’s domestic policies as outlined in his Fair Deal?
• How was Truman able to win the election of 1948? Why is the election notable?
• What was the Republican approach to government during the Eisenhower presidency?
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Key Terms
• Reconversion
• Taft-Hartley Act
• Modern Republicanism
• National Defense Education Act
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Setting the Scene
• The 1950’s were very conservative
- Both politically and culturally
- Explain….
• Truman struggled with moving to a peacetime economy
• Eisenhower used a low-key approach• Genial, reassuring manner made him one of
the most popular Presidents after WWII
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Truman’s Domestic Policies
• Truman wanted to follow in FDR’s footsteps
• He often appeared ill-prepared for the presidency
• He offered a new patch of proposals in every speech
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The Peacetime Economy
• Truman’s first priority was reconversion • The social and economic transition form
wartime to peacetime• Got most soldiers home by 1946• Keeping wartime inflation in check was more
difficult• Similar problems to those after WWI
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The Peacetime Economy Cont.
• Truman passed the Taft-Hartley Act:• Passed in 1947• Allowed the President to
declare a 80-day cooling off period in which strikers had to return to work
• This was only allowed in industries that affected national interest
• Also made union officials sign oaths saying that they were not Communists
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Truman’s Fair Deal
• Truman supported Roosevelt’s New Deal
• He used the well-known name and called his program the Fair Deal
• This extended the policies in the New Deal
• Truman thought that the Government needs to play an active role in securing economic justice for all American citizens
• He created a 21 point program
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Fair Deal Cont.
• Truman ran into tremendous political opposition
• One measure that was passed was the Employment Act of 1946
• Truman lost a lot of support during the 1946 mid-term elections
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Truman on Civil Rights
• He recognized that he had to take action on Civil Rights
• He publicly supported civil rights
• Change came very slowly
• Met with African American leaders in 1946
• Created the biracial Committee on Civil Rights in December of 1946• They were in charge of looking into race
relations
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The Election of 1948
• Truman ran for another term
• His popularity diminished in his own party
• Southern democrats broke off and created the Dixiecrat Party and nominated J. Strom Thurmond
• Progressive Party was headed by Henry Wallace
• Republican was Thomas E. Dewey
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1948 Election Results
• All experts and polls had Dewey winning the election
• Truman won in a big upset
• Democrats won control of Congress
• Truman finally was able to step out of FDR’s shadow
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1952/Eisenhower becomes President
• Dwight Eisenhower was the commander in chief of the Allied forces
• Known as Ike
• During WWII, he forged agreements among Allied military commanders
• Easy going charm
• K1C2 strategy by the Republicans
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The Checkers Speech• In response to allegations that Eisenhower’s
running mate, Richard Nixon, was using a special fund• Accused of receiving illegal gifts
• Nixon had done nothing wrong
• People wanted Ike to dump Nixon from his ticket
• He gave a speech denying these allegations
• He told Americans to contact the Eisenhower campaign to say if he should stay on the ticket or not
• He got overwhelming support to stay on the ticket
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Eisenhower as President
• He wanted to work behind the scenes
• Critics thought this meant he lacked leadership
• The American people approved of his style
• In the 1956 election Dwight Eisenhower won and was reelected• Defeated IL Governor Adlai
Stevenson in both elections
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Modern Republicanism
• “Conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to human beings”
• Priorities included cutting spending, reducing taxes, and balancing the budget• Smaller government, opposite direction of FDR & Truman
• He was in favor of big business• Cabinet members were businessmen• “8 millionaires & a plumber”
• But…• In 1954 and 1956 Social Security was extended to make 10
million more workers eligible • Minimum wage increased from 75 cents to $1
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Eisenhower’s Presidency
• His attempts to cut gov’t spending backfired
• The economy slumped; growth slowed
• The deficit grew
• Economic recession in 53-54, 57, & 60-61
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Meeting the Technology Challenge
• In response to Sputnik the US government created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
• Congress passed and Eisenhower signed into law the National Defense Education Act• Designed to improve science and
math instruction in the schools• Low-cost loans to college
students if they became teachers