20/20 tdr with tdr pc vision operator training - telco tm version – july 2009

20/20 TDRWith

TDR PC Vision

Operator Training - Telco

TM

Version – July 2009

Training SubjectsSection Title Slide #Introduction, Power and the CD-ROM 2 - 6 Powering ON & Menus 7 - 15How TDRs work 16 - 21Step TDR reflections 22 - 27Keypad & Measurement Screen Actions 28 - 31Premise application on Twisted Pair Cable 32 - 41OSP Applications – Dribble-Up, Splices & Wet Cable 42 - 46Advanced Features (optional) 47 - 52Saving Traces and TDR PC Vision (optional) 53 - 67Cleaning, Maintenance, Warranty & Tech Support 68 - 69Q & A and Acknowledgements 70

1

What’s in the Box?

Made in the USA

2

Quarter VGA backlit LCD

Ruggedized weather resistant keypadwith high tactile feel for use with gloves

Solid ABS plastic case

F connector or Network units with an RJ-45 and F connectors

3

Battery Installation

CAUTIONNO mixing cells

Same Type & mAhr

BATTERY MENU

Select Alkaline or NiMH/NiCd andenter rated mAhrs

F2

4

AC or DC Power and Recharging

12.5 VDC @ 500 mAVehicle running is preferredDC power permits operationOR recharging, but not both

100-240 VAC 50/60 HzAC power permits operation AND Recharging

(Included withRechargeableTDRs)

5

CD-ROMCD DirectoryTDR PC VisionTM - - - - - - - - - MS Windows software loadable

to any number of PCsTDR Application Notes - - - - - 20+ Details Notes on TDR uses

Operation ManualQuick Start Guide Electronic Copies

Training PPT - - - - - - - - - - - - General/Broadcast

CATV TechnicianTelephone Technician

www.aeatechnology.com6

Powering ON

Powering ON with Soft Reset

Pressing ON starts the unit, performs a self-checkand restores the last used settings

Press ON and then quickly pressing ENTER 4 – 5 timesperforms a soft reset and restoresfactory default settings

7

HIGH VOLTAGE DETECTEDTry pressing ENTER 1 or 2 times to see if the detection clears

If it will not clear, there is more than 100 VDC or 0.5VAC on the line being tested. Use precautions to remove the TDR and remove or reduce the voltage prior to retesting.

The 20/20 TDR is protected to 300VAC and 300VDC

8

F-Keys Menu, Channel Guide & ESC

Backspace KeyWhen in an numeric entry screen, F1 erases the last characterentered and jumps back one space

Escape KeyWhen in Menus F2 – F5Press to escape back to theMeasurement Screen

F2 UNIT SETTINGS: BACKLIGHT, CONTRAST AUDIO, BATT SAVER, BAUD, SELF TEST

F3 DATA DISPLAY: SCALES, GRIDS, UNITS OHMS/SWR/DB, SCREEN FROMAT

F4 UTILITIES: FAULT/INTERMITTENT FIND FILTERS, MEM SAVE/RECALL, CH SEL F5 CABLES: VIEW, CATALOGS, SELECT, EDIT CABLE SAMPLER, TEST LEAD CALIBRATION

First press

RJ45 TP- TKN CH TEL 568A 568B USOC 10BT PMD RING A R/B PR1 PR1 PR1 RX B G/B PR2 PR3 PR2 RX TX C PR3 PR2 PR4 TX RX D PR4 PR4 PR3 TXAB RG 12 13 12 TRAC 13 12 14AD 14 14 13BC 23 23 24 TRBD 24 34 23CD 34 24 34 TR

Second pressIf using a Network TDR

F1

9

Function Key Item & Selection Navigation 5

5

1

0

SCALE

BACKLIGHT TIMER :OFFBRIGHTNESS :8CONTRAST :8 AUDIO VOLUME :0………..

89ZO

MO

67ST

PE

45CR

R1

S

23CR

R2

S

102050

Any arrow key will move the selection left/right orIncrease/decrease numbersfor the menu item marked

10

Key – Unit SettingsBACKLIGHT TIMER :OFF {10, 20, 50 sweeps & continuous}BRIGHTNESS :8 {range 0 to 10}CONTRAST :8 {range 1 to 15} up for colder tempsAUDIO VOLUME :0 {range 0 to 3}AUDIO MODE :OFF, KEY BEEP, CONTINUOUSBAUD RATE :57600 {range 4800, 9600, 19200, 28800}BATTERY SAVER :OFF, ONSELF TEST :OFF {test list & keypad checker}

BATTERY MENU :

Internal re-chargeable TDRs have a sub-menu

F2

11

Key – Unit Settings

BATTERY MENU :

BATTERY SAVER : ON, OFF BATTERY TYPE : NICD NIMH, ALKALINE BATT CAPACITY : 2000 MAHR {400 – 5300 mAhr} EST. RUN TIME : > 7.0 HRS {Max to 0.0 hrs} BATTERY STATUS : 10.7V -220MA BATTERY TEMP : TEMPERATURE OK {HOT, COLD} CHARGER STATUS: IDLE {BATT CHK, PRE CHRG,

CHARGING, TRICKLE}

F2

12

Key – Data Display Options

V SCALE : 100 {range 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000}H SPAN : 20 {range 20 to 10,000}PLOT START : 0 {range 0 to 2,500}UNITS : FEET, METERSGRID LINES : 0 {range 0 to 4}BIG NUMBERS : OFF, ONPLOT TYPE : Z OMHS, SWR, RTN AMPL DB

Rechargeable TDRs are Z OHMS only

F3

13

Key – Special Functions

MEMORY ACTION : ◄► TO SAVE/RECALLNOISE FILTER : 0 {range 0 to 4}AVERAGING FLTR : 0 {range 0 to 7}VIDEO FILTER : 0 {range 0 to 4}INTRMTENT GRAB: OFF, ONFAULT FINDER : OFF, ONSTEP OR PULSE : STEP, PULSEINPUT CHANNEL : INPUT COAX, RJ45 CHs A, B, C, D,

AB, AC, AD, BC, BD, CD

Rechargeable TDRs have only STEP mode display

F4

14

Key - Cable Operations

AEA CABLE LIST {Cables listed by MFG, P/N, Type & Zo}VIEW USER LIST {56 User Defined Cables}EDIT USER LIST {Define or Alter a Cables Details & Store}TEST LEAD CAL {Removes the test lead from the plot}SAMPLE A CABLE {Find a Cable’s Velocity Factor}CURRENT CABLE:GENERIC PIC24AWG------------Z100 VF66.7

F5

15

How Does a TDR Work?The same as RADAR

Time

16

Cable Velocity and DistanceVelocity is designed in a cable at the time of its manufacture

Velocity is expressed as a fraction of the speed of light

Example: .66c

Time 2

X Velocity = Distance

20 n Sec 2

X .66c (648,172,800ft/sec) = 64.8 feet

VF or

VPBeware of VF Uncertainty

VoP or

NVP

17

Impedance “Z”

Z = 75 Ohms

Z = 100 Ohms

18

Cable Impedance (Z) and ReflectionsImpedance is a factor of both the conductor and the dielectric of the insulation between the conductor & shield or twisted pairs

Any deviation from the manufactured Z will cause reflections

OpenZo=75 or 100

Z = ∞Ω Open

Z = 0

Zo=75 or 100Short

Short

19

Pulse TDR

Pulse TDR

Longer and Longer Dead Zones

20

Step TDR = No Dead Zones – Any Range

Step TDR

21

Example Step TDR Reflections

Good Splice

Poor Splice

Mixed Impedances Bridged Tap

Water Split Pair ThatResplits

Pinched Coax

Poor QualityCoax

12

910

13

What a “Pulse TDR” Cannot See

22

20/20 Step TDR DisplayTDR Trace

Cursor 1

Horizontal Spanor H-Span(Feet or Meters)

0 20 40

100

87.5

75

62.5

50

CRSR1 19ft 10in 78.4 to 78.6Ω

COMMSCOPE Drop F6 VF 85.0

Vertical Scaleor V-Scale

(Z)

Velocity FactorCable Type

Cursor Information

23

Open Cable or Pair Shorted Cable or Pair

Example 20/20 “Step” TDR Traces

Opens and shorts send the trace to maximum or zero Ohms respectively. Unlike a pulse TDR, there is no trace after these events

24

Bad Connector on RG-59 Mixed Z, 75 then 50 Ohm


Both events will cause unwanted signal reflections. The 50 Ohm cable will add extra signal attenuation

25

Example 20/20 “Step” TDR TracesGood Splice Poor Splice

These splices are in 100 Ohm twisted pair cable, but will appear similar in coaxial cable

26


Wet Cable Split and Resplit

Wet cable always show an erratic downward excursion on the trace.

Splits and resplits are commonin home wiring where the ownerdidn’t understand the importanceof pairing

27

0 20 40

125

112

100

87

75

CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6

GENERIC 24AWG VF 66.7

0 40 80

125

112

100

87

75

CRSR1 39ft 8in 100.5 to 100.7


Zoom Key

0 80 160

125

112

100

87

75

CRSR1 79ft 6in 100.4 to 100.6


89ZO

MO

89ZO

MO

28

0 20 40

125

112

100

87

75

CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6


20 40 60

125

112

100

87

75

CRSR1 39ft 8in 100.5 to 100.7


Step Key

40

80

125

112

100

87

75

CRSR1 59ft 6in 85.1 to 86.4


60

67ST

PE

67ST

PE

29

Scale Key

0 20 40

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6


0 20 40

500

375

250

125

0

CRSR1 19ft 10in 100.4 to 100.6


5

5

1

0

SCALE

30

Remaining Keypad Keys

Power OFFSaves AllSettings

OFF

ON

Enter savesmenu changes& returns toMeasurementDisplay, CursorHide/Unhide key

NE

T

RE

Cursor Keys activate,move & de-activate either cursor

45CR

R1

S

23CR

R2

S

Exam/Plot freezes or Un-freezes the activeplot EXAM

PLOT

31

Transition from the Theoretical to the Practical

How can a TDR help you get a clear TV picture,a quality phone call or a fast internet connection

32

Kitchen

Living RoomBedroom 1

Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3Kitchen


Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3

Typical Telco Loop Wiring NID

Telco USOC Wiring Scheme for Homesand Small Businesses

1 – T4 White/Brown2 – T3 White/Green3 – T2 White/Orange4 – R1 Blue5 – T1 White/Blue6 – R2 Orange7 – R3 Green8 – R4 Brown

RJ45 WiredUSOC

1 – T3 not connected2 – T2 Black3 – R1 Red4 – T1 Green5 – R2 YellowYellow6 – R3 not connected

RJ12 WiredUSOC

1 – T2 Black2 – R1 Red3 – T1 Green4 – R2 YellowYellow

RJ11 WiredUSOC

1 – T3 White/Green2 – T2 White/Orange3 – R1 Blue4 – T1 White/Blue5 – R2 OrangeOrange6 – R3 Green

RJ12 WiredUSOC

33

NID

Kitchen

Living Room

Bedroom 1

Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3

Typical Star or Home Run Wiring

TIA 568B for Business Wiring or TIA 570B for Residential Wiring

66 Block or110 Block orConnectionBox

1 – T3 White/Green2 – T3 Green3 – T2 White/Orange4 – R1 Blue5 – T1 White/Blue6 – R2 Orange7 – R4 White/Brown8 – R4 Brown

RJ45 WiredT-568A

1 – T3 White/Orange2 – T3 Orange3 – T2 White/Green4 – R1 Blue5 – T1 White/Blue6 – R2 Green7 – R4 White/Brown8 – R4 Brown

RJ45 WiredT-568B

34

AEA Technology Reduced All Wiring Schemes to Coax & 4 Channels

99.9% of all phone lines will be on TDR’s Channel A

The 20/20 TDR menu simplifies looking at any single pairor the difference between any two pairs

The 20/20 TDR in impedance independent and can test bothcoax and twisted pair cables with the same TDR

The 20/20 TDR has a customized cable list for Telco techsthat covers OSP PIC & GEL cables, Premise coax and IW

for Cat 2 through Cat 6

35

0 160 320

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 291ft 10in 101.4 to 101.6


0 160 320

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 291ft 10in 101.4 to 101.6


Kitchen


Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3Kitchen


Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3

Shorting Plug

Three Step Check1. Unplug all

phones2. Connect the

TDR at NID3. Locate end

jack using ashorting plug

Open and shortat end jack indicates a good pair run. Test canbe repeated for all pairs.

Results NID

36

0 160 320

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 155ft 3in 101.4 to 101.6


0 160 320

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 155ft 3in 101.4 to 101.6




TDR at NID3. Locate last

visible jack using a shorting

plugFault is a brokenwire after the jackconnection inBedroom 1’s jack

Results

Kitchen


Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3Kitchen


Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3

NID

Shorting Plug

Shorting Plug

Shorting Plug

37

Kitchen


Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3Kitchen


Bedroom 2

Bedroom 3

NID

0 160 320

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 174ft 7in 101.5 to 101.8




TDR at NID3. Note short at

Bedroom 2with no shortingplug.

Look for bent pinsor shorted wiresinside the jack

Results

38

Premise Coax – RG-59 and RG-6

1. Both types are 75 Ohm coaxial

2. Impedance changes, 1- 5 Ohms, are common at connections

3. View through splitters is distorted

4. If cable appears to go on forever look for a cable box or TV attached at the other end

39

CATV Network Devices and Impedance Mismatches

0 128 256

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 142ft 10in 88.5 to 89.0

COMSCOPE RG-6 VF 88.0

Network Device(Splitter or amplifier)

0 64 128

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 64ft 0in 86.3 to 86.7

COMMSCOPE RG-6 VF 88.0

CRSR2 61ft 7in 80.5 to 80.8 CRSR 3ft 5in 5.8 to 5.9

Impedance Mismatch &Lossy Cable Section

40

Premise Advantage of a TDR? Quickly locate the distance to a fault and see type of fault

Stop rewiring premise twisted pairs when a simple 5 minutefix will clear the trouble

95% of all premise telco wiring problems are in the jacks

1. Customer pulled out jack and broke a wire

2. Customer rewired jack and disrupted service

3. Bent or broken pins

4. Cat marked territory and corroded jack pins

41

OSP Testing and Fault LocatingRange Maximums: velocity dependent – 6,600 ft @ .66c

8,800 ft @ .88cMeasure Cable’s Impedance (Z) & Resistance (Ω) via “Dribble Up”

Use Noise, Averaging or Video Filters to clear the trace

Locates Distance and Impedance effects for:

Poor Splices Bad Connections

Cable Kinks Cable Damage

Water Network Devices

Impedance Mismatches Lossy Cable

42

What is “Dribble-Up” Dribble up is the resistance of the pair. Loop resistance for twisted pair and center conductor resistance for coax.

Step TDR’s add the resistance to the Zo of the conductors.

As the conductors get longer more slope appears.

43

What can Dribble-Up tell me?You can read the resistance gain over length to see if a cable meets factory specification

You can see series resistive faults and measure their resistance

You can determine cable gauge and see gauge changes

0 64 128

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 64ft 0in 86.3 to 86.7

VF 88.0


If this is twistedpair it jumps from19 or 22 gaugeto 24 or 26 gaugeacross a seriesresistive splice

If this is coax thesecond section isvery lossy coaxacross a seriesresistive splice

44

Poor Splice or Bad Connection

0 1280 2560

CRSR 1096ft

VF 67.0GENERIC 24 AWG

Pulse TDR

0 1280 2560

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 1157ft 0in 156.9 to 157.6

GENERIC 24 AWG VF 67.0


20/20 “Step” TDR

Step TDR’s Advantages1. Series resistive fault with over 11 Ohms of loss in one spot.2. Both cable sections exhibit normal resistive loss as evidenced by

the “Dribble Up”

45

Water in OSP Cabling

0 640 1280

200

150

100

50

0

CRSR1 599ft 7in 120.4 to 120.6

GENERIC 24 AWG VF 67.0Water Rules1. Reduces the resistance ofthe dielectric or insulation -Hence reduces cable’s Z.2. Reduces velocity to anunknown – Hence distances ina water slug or after the slug areNOT valid.

1374 ft

599 ft 311 ft464 ft water

46

20/20 TDR’s Advanced FeaturesDifferential Mode ------------ Compares one twisted pair to another

twisted pair and shows any differences

Intermittent Grabber --------- Permits looking for a short or openand moving the cable or connectorsto find an intermittent fault

Fault Finder ------------------- Set upper and lower impedance limits,the TDR will jump the cursor to thefirst point exceeding the limit.

SWR Mode ------------------ Provides calculated Standing Wave Ratio of the cable along it’s length

Return Amplitude ---------- Provides calculated Return Amplitudein dB for mismatch events

47Jump Forward to Memory Actions

Using Differential Mode1. Measure a single pair in a cable and and note the events2. Connect the telco test leads’ Green/Black pair or use an RJ45

plug input for access to another of the four pairs3. Press and select INPUT CHANNELF4

5

4. Press any key as required to select RJ45 AΔB for telco leads difference or any other RJ45 xΔx as desired, see QRG table

5. Press ENTER

48

Intermittent Grabber Mode1. Connect the cable with the suspect intermittent fault and full trace

3. Hand-over-hand move along the cable flexing and moving sections and connection points to induce the fault

2. Press select INTRMTENT GRAB and press any key to turn ON

F4

5

NOTE: If the entire trace goes erratic, change the termination and try again. Fault must be same as termination

49

Fault Finder Mode1. Connect the cable and set the full trace on the display

2. Press and select FAULT FINDER then press F4

5

3. Press to select AUTO FAULT: ON 4. Press to select MINIMUM OHMS, then MAXIMUM

OHMS and enter the limits for each when prompted5. Press ENTER to return Measurement Screen and CURSOR 1 will jump to the first minimum or maximum detected

AUTO FAULT LOCATION UP/DOWN MOVES CURSOR, F1=ESCAPE LEFT/RIGHT CHANGES SETTING ENTER RESUMES NORMAL OPERATION

->AUTO FAULT : OFF MINIMUM OHMS : 64 MAXIMUM OHMS : 86

150

100

75

50

0

64

86

50

SWR Mode1. Press then select PLOT TYPE and press F3

5

2. Press again to change from Z OHMS to SWR

3. Press ENTER

Note the changed vertical scale and cursor readouts for SWR

51

Return Amplitude Mode1. Press then select PLOT TYPE and press F3

5

2. Press again to change from SWR to RTN AMPL DB

3. Press ENTER

Note the changed vertical scale and cursor readouts are now in dB

52

Saving and Recalling Traces

Key – Special Functions

MEMORY ACTION : ◄► TO SAVE/RECALL

SAVE INST ONLY [Saves all the instrument set ups]RECALL INSTSAVE SCREEN [Saves trace - 250 data points]RECALL SCREENSAVE DETAILED [Saves trace – 2500 data points RECALL DETAILED best for trace over 3K feet]

F4

53

F5F4F3F2F1

ABCDE FGHIJ KLMNO PQRST UVWXY

F5F4F3F2F1

A B C D E

•Letters enter in 2 steps, select group first then single letter

•Numbers enter directly from the keypad

EXAMPLOT Z space delete - .

Name Saved Trace

54

TDR PC VisionTM Software TDR PC Vision is included with every TDR at no extra charge Operates on MS Windows® platforms Permits upload, archive and export of TDR plots in multiple formats Down load instrument settings from PC-to-TDR Applications include:

1. Email plots to tech expert or supervisor for assistance

2 Provide plots from field technicians to engineering to clarify plant issues

3. Develop a database of installations “As-Builts” for laterreference

4. Transfer plots to training to show new technicians

55 Jump forward to Maintenance

Getting Started with TDR PC Vision1. Open the TDR PC Vision folder on the CD-ROM

2. Double-click on the “Setup.exe” file to start the installation andfollow the MS Windows prompts until installation is complete

3. Connect the 20/20 TDR to the PC serial port using the enclosedcable

4. Turn ON the TDR and wait for the Measurement Screen

5. Click on the TDR PC Vision icon on your desktop

6. TDR PC Vision will open, search the COM Ports and establishcommunications with the TDR

56

TDR PC Vision Options Window

57

Correcting Communications Errors

Before pressing “Retry” check the following:1. Serial cable is connected at both the PC and TDR2. TDR is on and at the Measurement Screen

(Menu Screens inhibit communications)

Press “Ignore” to work with archived plots on the PC only

58

TDR PC Vision Options Window

Auto IncrementON – Increments the memoryslot by 1 with each uploadOFF – Manually entering a memory slot For each upload

Read ButtonsRead the selectedmemory slot anddisplay a graph ofthe plot

Archived PlotsThese are plots already saved on the PC. Thisbutton will appear active even if the TDR isnot connected or on.

59

Cursors DataCursor Data corresponds to the color cursor on the graph. Cursor control is by using the slide bararrows or direct mouse pointer onthe cursor line. The DELTA reading is the difference betweenthe two cursors.

The PlotThe trace shows both a good and poor splice. The poor splice at the Red cursor has excessive reflection and the trace exiting is higherThan the trace entering the splice indicating a series resistive fault.

60 Return to Last Slide

File Menu ItemsOpens browser to locate desired Save folder,in an Archived Plot to locate the .AEA file.NOTE: Windows will save only the lastOpened or uploaded plot, even if you try toSave a prior opened plot.

61

Edit and View Menus

Saves Chart Axis setting For all new plot imports

Copies graph to Clipboard for pasting in any MSWindows application

62

Chart Title Menu

64

Chart Plot Menu

Displays only Impedance (Z) Readings

Displays only Distance Readings

Displays both Impedance (Z) & Distance

Mouse Pointer displays Plot Point Values

65

Use to select aCOM port,BAUD rate,lock in 1 portor select USB-to-Serial con-verter. Thiswindow may also appear with aTDR com failure .

Press “ConnectPort/Poll TDR”To retry connection.A green statusIndicates goodCommunications.“Save Port Settings”speeds connectionwhen opening TDRPC Vision.

66

Cleaning Your 20/20 TDR1. Always spray cleaners and rinse water on a soft cloth, do NOT

spray directly on the TDR

Soft CasesThe soft case should be cleaned the same as the instrument. Usea soft bush to remove tough dirt. Do NOT immerse in water or dryin a dryer. Wash and Dry separately, both instrument and case shouldbe dry before enclosing the instrument in the case.

2. Typical Grime – Use a mild non-abrasive detergent like 409® in water or glass cleaner (non-ammonia) and rinse water to clean3. Cable Gel – User liquid “citrus” cleaner to remove4. Tar, creosote or adhesives – Use WD40® followed with mild

detergent and water

68

Maintenance, Service and WarrantyOperating Manual, Section 5, Maintenance, Service and Warranty.

Warranty – One year against material & workmanship defects

Questions, By all means – Contact us:

AEA Technology, Inc.5933 Sea Lion Place, Ste 101Carlsbad, CA 92010Tel: 800-258-7805 or +1-760-931-8979Fax: +1-760-931-8969

www.aeatechnology.co

m

Email

Application Notes

Operating Manuals

TDR PC Vision

Data Sheets

See “User Troubleshooting Guide”

69

Questions and Answers

Acknowledgements:

MS Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft® Corp409 is a registered trademark of Clorox ® CorpWD40 is registered trademark of WD40 ® Corp

70

20/20 tdr with tdr pc vision operator training - telco tm version – july 2009

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