201912102 turbine operation

8/20/2019 201912102 Turbine Operation

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POSITIONAL TRAINING

COURSE CONTENTS

1. Turbo - generator

1.1. Turbine

1.2. Alternator

1.3. Turbine Details

1.4. Condensing Plant

1.4.1. Surface Condenser 1.4.2. Condenser Details

1.5. Governing Sste!

1.". #P $eater

1.%. Air &'ector

1.%.1. $ogging &'ector

1.(. Gland Sealing Sste!

1.). Condensate &*traction Pu!+

2. ,il Sste!

2.1. ain ,il Pu!+ ,P/

2.2. Au*iliar ,il Pu!+ A,P/

2.3. &!ergenc ,il Pu!+ &,P/

2.4. 0ac ,il Pu!+ 0,P/

2.5. ,il Centrifuge

3. Circulating ater Sste!

4. Stea! Distribution Sste! at P$ 3

4.1. $P Stea! etor

4.2. Au*iliar P6DS

/OPT/SCRIBD/CONVERSION/TMP/SCRATCH1!12/"3!!20!".DOC


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OBJECTIVES

At the end of the course, the participants will be able to

KNOW

1. Various aspects of Turbine Operation

DO

1. Start various auxiliaries in connection with Turbine operation.

2. Start up and shut down the Turbine.



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POSITIONAL TRAINING DOCUMENT

DOCUMENT NO. : PED/PH 3#PTD/3011

DEPARTMENT : POWER ENGINEERING



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TURBO GENERATORS

There are two Turbo generators each having a generating capacity of ! "w and

e#uipped with hydraulic governing syste" $S% &V' and details of which are given

below.

TURBINE

(a)e * +..-.

Type * /ouble casing, 0ondensing type,reaction turbine.

o. of stages * 2

1st

stage * &"pulse stage $0urtis wheel'.


PREPARED BY : APPROVED BY :

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2nd to 2nd stage * %eaction stage.

3ressure * 41 )g5c"2

6or)ing Te"p. * 78 *72O

0.

%3( * !!!

0ooling water te"p. * 9O0 $(ax'

:ov. Syste" * O;;- governing, hydraulic $S%&V'

3 Stea" 0onsu"ption * . 79


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CONDENSING PLANT

Surface C!"e!#er $ The surface condenser is a shell and tube arrange"ent with

water boxes at either end. The sleeve side of the surface condenser isconnected to the exhaust hood of the turbine.

(ain function of condenser are

To condense the stea" exhausted fro" the turbine.

To "aintain vacuu".

To "aintain the te"perature of condense always at the saturation te"p.

To for" a convenient point for introducing "a)e up.

To facilitate extraction of air and other gases.

C!"e!#er "e%a&'#

(a)e * +-

Type * S0/52524!!

Shape * 0ircular

0ondenser vacuu"s * !.1!9 Ata

uantity of slain *

Total no. of tubes * 4!!! os.

Tubes si?e * 22 "" /ia * 4!! "" length

0ooling surface area * 24!! "2

ty of cooling water * 4!! "

5hr

0ooling water inlet te"p * 9 to 7o0

0ooling water outlet te"p * 2B4.o0

os. of passes * 2

Shell "aterial * 0arbon steel

Tubes "aterial * +rass

GOVERNING S(STEM



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The T: is provided with hydraulic governing syste". The governing syste" wor)s

on hydrodyna"ic principles and is si"ple and easy to operate and "aintain.

The hydraulic speed governor "aintains the speed of the T: set constant

according to the droop characteristics. Above all, governing syste" incorporates

protective devices to protect the turbine during adverse operating condition such

as over speed, axial shift, low lube oil pressure etc.

An e"ergency stop valve provided at the entrance of the turbine gives the initial

stea" access to the ad"ission chest. /uring nor"al operation the stop valve is

held open by oil pressure against counter acting forces of co"pression spring.

&n an e"ergency, pressure in the trip oil circuit is suddenly relieved and -.S.V.

as well as the control valves closes i""ediately.

The control valves of the turbine regulate the stea" through the re#uired channel for

obtaining the desired out put or speed. They are hydraulically actuated by oil.

The control valves are suspended fro" a valve bea" by "eans of two spindles

and a lever syste". The bea" can be "oved by the actuator which is "ounted

on the stea" chest.

The control i"pulse of the governing syste" is the pri"ary oil pressure generated

by the governing i"peller coupled with turbine shaft. The pri"ary oil act on a

bellow which is countered balance by the spring force of a speeder gear. The

changes in oil pressure results in change in the position of the balancing lever.

The travel of the bellow is trans"itted to the lever which is pivoted at one end.

At its free end the pivoted lever is connected to control sleeve of the hydraulic

a"plifier. The trip oil co"ing out of the a"plifier is )nown as secondary oil.

0hanges in the pri"ary oil and speeder gear setting results in changes in

secondary oil. The secondary oil pressure is trans"itted to control valve

actuator asse"bly such as pilot valve and servo"otor. igh secondary oil

pressure "eans high valve lift and high load.



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L. P. )EATER

A feed water heater is a shell and tube exchanger designed for the application of

recovering the heat fro" the turbine extraction stea" by preheating the boiler

feed water.

ow pressure feed water heaters are located upstrea" fro" the condensate pu"p.

Typically low pressure feed water heaters are designed for feed water pressure

between 28 to 94.! )g5c"2. +ut the actual design pressure depends upon the

cycle location relative to feed water pu"ps. -ach feed water heater bundle will

contain fro" one to three separate that transfer areas. These are condensing,

deBsuperheating and sub cooling area. A condensing area is present in all

heaters. arge volu"e of stea" is condensed in these areas. The sub cooling

area $drain cooler' is another separate counter flow heat exchanger whose

purpose is to sub cool inco"ing drains and stea" condensate fro" .3. heater.



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6or)ing stea" te"p * !!o0

Stea" 0onsu"ption * 92! )g5hr

Section pressure * !.9 )g5c"2

GLAND SEALING S(STEM

:land sealing pac)ing boxes are provided at both ends of the casing where the

turbine shaft co"es out. Sealing is necessary to prevent ingress of air in the

exhaust end and prevention of 3 stea" lea)age at the high pressure end.

On no load condition extra sealing stea" is necessary to seal the pac)ing

boxes. +ut on full load the lea)age stea" fro" the 3 side is sufficient to seal

the gland sealing syste" at 3 end.

T: and T: D 9 are provided with "anual gland sealing syste".

CONDENSATE E*TRACTION PUMP +CEP,

+oth the Turbo :enerators are provided with two nu"bers of "ultistage vertical

condensate extraction pu"ps. These pu"ps are extracting condensate fro" hot

well and sending it to /eaerator through eCector, drain cooler and .3. heater.

(a)e * GS+

or"al wor)ing for * 4 to 1! )g5c"2

0apacity * 19! T5hr "ax.

All these pu"ps are located in the base"ent area. 3u"ps bearings are oil cooled.



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D. : M$($' D. : S' M$($'

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2. OIL SYSTEM

A satisfactory and continuous oil supply is necessary for the safe and reliable

running of a turbo generator. The oil supply syste" should ensure the

operational safety of bearings. The syste" is of closed circuit type. A part fro"

this oil supply syste" has to ensure the oil re#uired fro" the governing syste"

and other safety devices. Sa"e pu"p is giving oil to governing syste" as well

as for lubricating syste" with the help of orifice adCust"ent. The oil syste"

includes the following e#uip"ent.

i' (O3 H (ain oil 3u"p

ii' AO3 H Aux oil pu"p

iii' -O3 H -"ergency oil pu"p

Oil coolers

/uplex filters

(ain oil tan)

2.1. Ma&! O&' Pu- +MOP,

The centrifugal type of pu"p is driven by turbine shaft through pinion and gear

wheel arrange"ent. 6hen the turbine is at full speed "ain oil pu"p delivers the

total oil re#uired for the total syste". &t is nor"ally "ounted on the front of the

turbine.

2.2. AU*ILIAR( OIL PUMP +AOP,

This pu"p enables oil supply during period of stand still, starting and stopping of the

T:. This pu"p builds up necessary suction head to the "ain oil pu"p by

inCecting oil into the suction piping. A chec) valve ensures safety of AO3 against

reverse rotation. (ain duties of these pu"ps are B

To supply oil for governing syste" and lubricating syste" during turbine start up till

"ain oil pu"p has ta)en over.



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To supply lubricating oil and governing oil when discharge pressure of (O3 falls

below 8.2 )g5c"2.

There are 2 nu"bers of AO3>s in each "5c B one electrically driven and other turbo

driver. These are screw pu"ps and located in the base"ent. %elief valves are

provided for the safe wor)ing of the pu"ps. or"al wor)ing pressure is around

1! )g5c"2.

2.3. E-er/e!c0 O&' Pu- +EOP,

6hen all sources of oil supply fails, the -O3 ensure oil supply to all bearings. These

pu"ps are designed for a "odest output of li"ited capacity. This is the reasonwhy these pu"p are connected to the bearing oil circuit directly bypassing oil

cooler and filters.

There are three -O3>s for each T:>s B one /0 "otor driven, one A0 "otor

driven and other turbo driven. /0 E A0 -O3>s are located in the base"ent and

Turbo -O3 located on the top of the oil tan). /0 E A0 driven -O3 are sa"e,

only the "otors are different. /05A0 -O3 is hori?ontal pu"p and Turbo -O3 is

vertical pu"p.

Setting of the 3u"ps is adCusted such as that Turbo -O3 first co"e in action

when any of the lubricating oil syste" fails and then co"es /0 -O3. or"ally

these pu"ps develop a pressure between 1.9 to 2.9 )g5c"2.

2.4. JAC* OIL PUMP JOP

This pu"p is used during starting and stopping of turbo generator. These pu"ps

supply high pressure oil around 1!! )g5c"2 to lift the rotor slightly fro" its

bearing Cournal. This reduces the tor#ue and increase the life of these Cournal

bearings. At present this arrange"ent is provided only in T: 9.



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2.. OIL CENTRIUGE

Oil centrifuge is used to purify oil by separating "oisture. &t clarifies, purifies the oil in

service. Since a turbid li#uid in a stationary vessels will clear slowly as the heavy

particles in the li#uid "ixture are sin)ing to the botto" under the influence of

gravity. The lighter li#uid phase will rise while the heavier sin)s.

This can be achieved by centrifugal separation also. &n this, in rapidly rotating

vessels the gravity is replaced by the centrifugal force, which can be thousand

ti"es greater. Sedi"entation and separation are continuous and are very fast.

The bowl is running at a very high rp" of 9!!! to



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DOCUMENT NO. : PED/PH 3#PTD/301DEPARTMENT : POWER ENGINEERING

STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AT PH 5 3


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D. : M$($' D. : S'. M$($'

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4. STEAM DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AT PH 5 3

4.1. HP STEAM NETWOR*

There are four nu"bers of identical +oilers and two ! "w T: sets of condensing

type in two phases. 3hase * 1 is having +oilerB D 9 E 4, T: B D whereas 3hase

* 2 is having +oiler D 8 E 7, T: B D 9.

3hase B 1 and 3hase B 2 is interBconnected with two identical isolating valves having

byBpass arrange"ent as shown in the figure below.

All strea" headers are having sufficient no. of drains, stea" trap drains and vents.



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.2. AU*ILIAR( PRDS +PRESSURE REDUCING DESUPER)EATING,

There are three nu"bers of auxiliary 3%/S at 3 D. The purpose of Aux 3%/S is

to produce 3 stea" fro" 3 stea" which is suitable for so"e auxiliaries li)e

Air -Cectors, Turbo AO3 E Turbo -O3, /eaerator E gland seal etc.

$P ST&A #P ST&A

Pressure 3 6/7%2 1 6/7%2

Te!+erature 4! 8 9C 319C

A tapping fro" (ain Stea" header is ta)en to a control valve where pressure is

reduced by passing 3 stea" through no??le and te"p is reduced by spray

water.



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UESTIONNAIRE

6hat is type, no. stages and rp" of Turbine at 3DI

6hat is the rated capacity and generating voltage of alternator at 3

D I

6hat are the "ain function of surface condenserI

6hat type of :overning syste" is deployed with the T: setI

6hat is the wor)ing principle of :overnorI

6hat are the "ain functions of the :overnorI

6hat are the "ain functions of .3. eaterI

6hat are the functions of condensate -xtraction 3u"ps and where they are

locatedI

6hat are the functions of air -CectorI

6hat are the neccesities for gland sealing of turbineI ow the gland sealing

is achievedI

6hat are the various oil pu"ps installed for T: setsI

6hat are the "ain purpose of various oil pu"ps at 3DI

6hat are the functions of Jac) oil pu"pI 6hen it is usedI

6hat are the functions of a oil centrifugeI

-xplain, in se#uence, how to operate the oil centrifugeI

6hat are the "ain purpose of /eareatorI



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-xplain the principle of operation of /eareator.

6hat are the functions of 3%/S in a boilerI 6here does 3%/S supplies

stea"I

6hat are the various para"eters to be "onitored prior to startBup of Turbine.



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1. 3rior to starting 06 pu"p what are various chec)s are to be doneI

6hat are the functions of vacuu" syste"I

6hat are the chec)s to done before starting the oil pu"p for T: setI

6hat do you understand by %olling and synchronisation of T: SetI

-xplain, how rolling and synchronisation is done for TurboBgenerator set at

3D .

+efore allowing stea" to enter 3 eater, what are the various valves to be

operatedI

6hat are the two various operating pera"eters are to be "onitored before

starting the turbine.

6hat are the pri"ary chec)s to be done before starting the e"ergency oil

pu"psI

-xplain, the steps to be followed in starting a turboB-O3F

At what pressure an AO3 should runI

ist the chec)s re#uired before starting the condensate exteraction pu"ps.

6hat are the steps $in se#uence' re#uire to follow in shut down of turbineI

6hat are the vaccu" brea)ingI ow is it doneI

201912102 turbine operation

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