2017 frogs and toads of montgomery county
TRANSCRIPT
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Frogs and Toads of
Montgomery County Maryland
Montgomery County
Department of Environmental
Protection
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Common Frogs and Toads of
Montgomery County
•Spring Peeper
• Wood Frog
• Pickerel Frog
• Southern Leopard Frog
• Northern Green Frog
• American Bullfrog
• Northern Cricket Frog
• Gray Treefrog
• Cope’s Gray Treefrog
• Upland Chorus Frog
• American Toad
• Fowler’s Toad
•Green Treefrog
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Montgomery County
Species Calling CalendarSpecies Feb March April May June July Aug
Spring Peeper x x
Wood Frog x x
Upland Chorus Frog x x x
Pickerel Frog x x
Southern Leopard Frog x x x x
American Toad x x x x x
American Bullfrog x (late) x x x
Fowler's Toad x (late) x x x
Northern Green Frog x (late) x x x
Gray Treefrog x x x
Cope's Gray Treefrog x x x
Northern Cricket Frog x x x x
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Wood Frog
Lithobates sylvaticus
© National Park Service
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Wood FrogSize: 1 3/8-3 ¼ inches
Striped appearance is common in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula and points north, un-striped found south and east.
The only North American frog found north of the Arctic Circle. Currently being studied for their ability to live after freezing solid.
Habitat: Moist woodlands in eastern areas; open grasslands in western; tundra in the far north. Obligate seasonal pool breeder.
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Wood Frog
Voice: Series of short raspy quacks
Listen carefully! Call is somewhat muted and does not project or carry very far.
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Spring Peeper(Pseudacris crucifer)
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Spring Peeper
Size: ¾ -1 ½ inches
The spring peeper is one of the most familiar frogs in the East, although it is heard far more often than seen.
Habitat: Wooded areas in or near temporarily flooded ponds and swamps© Paul Crump, Houston Zoo
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Spring Peeper
Voice: High-pitched ascending whistle, sometimes with a short trill, given once per second, in a multiple-frog chorus: peep, peep, peep.
Agonistic call is a sharp preep, often confused with other chorus frog species.
Males call from shrubs and trees near water or tucked low in emergent vegetation.
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Pickerel Frog(Lithobates palustris)
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Pickerel Frog
Size: 1¾ - 3 inches
An irritating skin secretion makes this frog unappetizing to some predators. The secretion will kill other frogs kept in the same collecting container or terrarium.
Habitat: Slow-moving waters and other damp areas preferably with low, dense vegetation; streams, swamps, and meadows
© Paul Crump, Houston Zoo
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Pickerel Frog
Voice: Steady, low, snore-like croak. Raspy in quality and may last up to 2 seconds.
May call in a rolling snore while under water.
© USFWS
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Southern Leopard Frog
(Lithobates sphenocephalus)
© Dick Bartlett
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Southern Leopard Frog
Size: 2 - 5 inches
To elude a predator this frog dives into the water, makes a sharp turn while still submerged, and surfaces amid vegetation at the water's edge.
Frequently hunted for frogs' legs.
Habitat: Any freshwater location
© Dick Bartlett
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Southern Leopard Frog
Range: From New Jersey to the Florida Keys; west to Texas.
Voice: Series of short, throaty, chuckle-like croaks. Males call while afloat or from land. © Virginia Herpetological Society
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Northern Cricket Frog(Acris crepitans)
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Northern Cricket Frog
Size: 5/8 - 1 ½ inches
Among the most agile leapers and can jump surprisingly long distances (5 - 6 feet) for its small size.
Habitat: Sunny ponds of shallow water with good growth of vegetation in the water or on the shore; slow-moving streams with sunny banks
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Northern Cricket Frog
Voice: Sharp, measured clicking, repeated in rapid succession.
Call reminiscent of two glass marbles being tapped together or the shaking of a spray paint can.
Call produced through a single vocal sac.
© Jim Harding, MSU
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American Toad(Anaxyrus americanus)
© Jim Harding, MSU
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American Toad
• Size: 2- 4 inches
• Toads lay eggs in a long string (e.g., note strands in the photo), while frogs lay them in clumps.
• Habitat: Mowed grassy yards to forested mountains. Wherever there is abundant moisture and insects.
© Joe Greathouse, Oglebay’s Good Zoo
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American Toad
Voice: A pleasant musical trill lasting 5 to 30 seconds.
Call sounds like a simultaneous whistle and hum.
Single vocal sac that is large, round, and prominent when inflated
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Fowler’s Toad
Anaxyrus fowleri
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Fowler’s Toad
• Size: 2 ½ - 3 ¾ inches
• Likes to burrow into the ground during hot, dry periods and during the winter
• Habitat: Sandy areas near marshes, irrigation ditches, backyards, and temporary rain pools
© USFWS
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Fowler’s Toad
Voice: Plaintive, descending, 1- to 4-second "wraaaaaah.”
Brash and nasal in quality.
Produced through a single vocal sac.
© Paul Crump, Houston Zoo
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Green Frog(Lithobates clamitans)
© NOAA
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Green Frog
Size: 2 - 4 inches
Habitat: Lives close to shallow water, springs, streams, swamps, brooks, and edges of ponds and lakes. May be found among rotting debris of fallen trees.© USGS
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Green Frog
Voice: like the twang of a loose banjo string, usually given as a single note.
Burst of sound that when given in rapid succession, will get progressively quieter.
Made through a pair of internal vocal pouches. © Jim Harding, MSU
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American Bullfrog(Lithobates catesbianus)
© USGS
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American Bullfrog
• Size: 3 – 8 inches.
• The largest frog in North America.
• Large specimens have been known to catch and swallow small birds and young snakes
• Habitat: Ponds, lakes, slow-moving streams with vegetation. (Must be large enough to avoid crowding). Usually found on the bank at water’s edge. When frightened, the bullfrog is likely to flee into nearby vegetation.
© Jim Harding, MSU
© Paul Crump, Houston Zoo
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American Bullfrog
Voice: Deep-pitched “jug o'rum” resembling the bellow of a bull.
Sound produced by a single internal vocal sac that inflates to form a bulge under the chin.
Call can be heard for more than a quarter mile.
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Gray Treefrog
(Hyla versicolor)
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Gray TreefrogSize: 1 ¼ - 2 ½ inches
Two species of gray treefrog are identical in appearance. The difference is the call.
Gray treefrogs can change color from green to gray.
Habitat: Trees or shrubs growing in or near permanent water
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Gray Treefrog
Voice: A hearty, resonating trill, usually heard in spring and early summer.
The Cope’s gray treefrog has half as many chromosomes as the gray treefrog. Its call is a faster, raspier less musical trill.
© Jim Harding, MSU
© Jim Harding, MSU
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Cope’s Gray Treefrog(Hyla chrysoscelis)
© Joe Greathouse, Oglebay’s Good Zoo
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Cope’s Gray Treefrog
Size: 1 ¼ - 2 3/8
inches
Habitat: Trees and
shrubs in or near
ponds or other
wetlands
© Dick Bartlett
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Cope’s Gray TreefrogVoice: A hearty, raspy resonating trill, usually heard in spring and early summer.
Faster trill that is less musical than that of the identical-looking gray treefrog
© Dick Bartlett
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A few odd ones
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Upland Chorus Frog(Pseudacris feriarum)
Size: 3/4 – 1.5 inches
Habitat: grassy ditches,
flooded fields and
temporary wetlands
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Upland Chorus FrogVoice: a regularly repeated “crrreek,” sounding similar to fingers running over the teeth of a comb
Call is often heard very early in the season
© Dick Bartlett
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Green Treefrog
(Hyla cinerea)
Size: 1 – 2.5 inches
Habitat: Wetlands with
plentiful floating
vegetation, grasses,
and cattails.
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Green Treefrog
• Voice: A monotone
queenk, queenk,
queenk
• Often heard in late
spring and early
summer.
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POP QUIZ!
•Spring Peeper
•Green Frog
•Gray Treefrog
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CONSULT LOCAL RESOURCES
• Frogs and Toads of Montgomery County:
• http://www.montgomerycountymd.gov/DEP/water/frogs-and-toads.html
• Maryland Quiz
– https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/Frogquiz/index.cfm?fuseaction=publicQuiz.StartPublicQuiz
• Northeastern Species
– Species of Toads and Frogs Found in New York: http://www.dec.ny.gov/animals/7487.html
– Online Field Guide for Reptiles and Amphibians - Frogs and Toads (New Jersey):
http://www.nj.gov/dep/fgw/ensp/fieldguide_herps.htm#frogs-toads
– Discover Maryland’s Herps - Field Guide to Maryland’s Frogs and Toads:
http://www.dnr.state.md.us/wildlife/Plants_Wildlife/herps/Anura/fieldguide_OrderAnura.asp
– Frogs and Toads of West Virginia: http://www.marshall.edu/herp/anurans.htm
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CONSULT LOCAL RESOURCES
• Southeastern Species
– Frogs and Toads of Virginia:
http://www.virginiaherpetologicalsociety.com/amphibians/frogsandtoads/frogs_and_toads_of_virginia.htm
– Frogs and Toads of North Carolina: http://www.herpsofnc.org/herps_of_NC/anurans/anurans.html
– USGS Southeast Ecological Science Center - Anura:
http://fl.biology.usgs.gov/herps/Frogs_and_Toads/frogs_and_toads.html
– USGS South Central Amphibian Research Monitoring Initiative:
http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/sc_armi/frogs_and_toads/index.html