ISSN - 2250 - 1991Volume : 1 Issue : 5 May 2012` 200

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INDEXSr. No. Title Author Subject Page No.

1 Convergence of India Gaap with International GAAP / IFRS

Prof. Kalola Rimaben A. Accountancy 1-3

2 Global Scenario of Business Ethics With Corporate Governance

Prof. Dr.Kishor V. Bhesaniya

Accountancy 4-6

3 VAT & ACCOUNTING Miss. Mira J. Bhanderi Accountancy 7-8

4 Carbon Trading: An Emerging Business Dr. Basanta Khamrui, Dilip Kumar Karak

Commerce 9-11

5 Developments in Indian Non Life Insurance Industry Ms.Kiran Sood, Ms.Supriya Tandon

Commerce 12-14

6 Parameters And Costs Influencing Transportation Decisions In Small Manufacturing Firms

Vipul Chalotra,Prof Neetu Andotra

Commerce 15-17

7 Foreign Trade Policy of India (2009-14) Dr. M. K. MARU Commerce 18-20

8 “A Comparative Analysis on Profitability of Selected Petroleum Industries”

Dr. Ramesh A. Dangar Commerce 21-23

9 An Empirical study on Consumer Awareness on Internet Banking in Gujarat

Dr. Vinod K. Ramani Commerce 24-26

10 Study of Factors Affecting HNIs’ Preferences for their Banks in South Mumbai Area

Shri. Arvind A. Dhond Commerce 27-31

11 Promotion mix straregy of jammu and kashmir co-operatives supply and marketing federation limited in jammu district of J&K state

Tarsem Lal Commerce 32-35

12 Intelligent Brain Tumor Tissue Segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Image using forward and backward anisotropic diffusion

S.Nithya Roopa,P. Vasanthi Kumari

Computer Science

36-38

13 Share of Women in Total Family Income – A Two Group Discriminant Analysis

Dr.A.Shyamala Economics 39-41

14 Socio-Economic Evaluation of Shg’s in Bidar District of Karnataka

Dr.Sangappa V. Mamanshetty

Economics 42-44

15 The Development of Chemical and Petrochemicals Industry in Gujarat

Dr.D.G.Ganvit Economics 45-46

16 How Can Primary Teachers Help To Assist The Development Of Positive Self-Esteem In Students Through Their Ordinary Teaching Practice?

Jigar L. Dave Education 47-48

17 Primary Mission Of Colleges Jigar L. Dave Education 49

18 Effectiveness of Readers Theatre on English Reading Comprehension

Ramesh B. Sakhiya Education 50-51

19 The Role of a Computerized Package on EFL Students' Writing Skills

Abdallah Ahmad, Baniabdelrahman, Abdulaziz A. Abanomey

Education 52-57

20 The Use of Team Teaching and its Effect on Saudi EFL Students' English Proficiency

Abdallah Ahmad, Baniabdelrahman, Abdulaziz A. Abanomey

Education 58-63

21 Study and Development of Road Traffic Noise Model Bhavna K. SutharV. R. Gor, A. K. Patel

Engineering 64-66

22 Weather Forecast Using Artificial Neural Network Laxmikant Raskar, Rohit Waghchaure, Md. Danish Raza,Mayuresh Lande

Engineering 67-68

23 Pavement Subgrade Stabilisation with Rice Husk Ash Patil N. L.,Dr. Sanjay Sharma,Dr. Hemant Sood

Engineering 69-71

24 Study of Precipitation and Stream Flow Data- A Case Study of Kim Basin

Prashant A. Ramani Engineering 72-76

25 “Estimation of Revised Capacity for Deo Reservoir of Gujarat, India”

Hiral Shah,N. N. Borad, R. K. Jain

Engineering 77-79

26 Nanotechnology in Cellular Lightweight Concrete Mr. Nakul Shah, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda

Engineering 80-82

27 Plate Load (Model) Test for Bearing Capacity of Layered Deposite

Patel Ankit D., B.R. Dalwadi

Engineering 83-85

28 Effect of Service Bridge on natural frequency of structurally coupled multistory building

Upadhyay Nishith H., Prof. A.N. Desai

Engineering 86-88

29 “Controling the Soil & Land Pollution in Sabarkantha District by Using an App Lication of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System”

Gaurang J Patel,R.B Khasiya

Engineering 89-91

30 Control The Soil Erosion & Land Pollution By Flood Reduction in The Tapi River,Surat District, Gujarat, India.

Harshad M.Rajgor,K B Khasiya

Engineering 92-95

31 Methodology for managing irrigation canal system with optimum irrigation scheduling for Meshwo irrigation Scheme

Jitendrasinh D. Raol, Roshani A.Patel,Prof S.A.Trivedi

Engineering 96-98

32 Analyis of regional water supply scheme in rural areas (Case Study: Kutch)

Niketa Patel Engineering 99-103

33 Security For Near Field Communication in Cell Phone Biren M Patel, Vijay B Ghadhvi,Mr Ashish Kumar

Engineering 104-106

34 Heterogeneous Traffic Flow Simulation at Urban Roundabout using ‘VISSIM’

Dipti S. Thanki, Asst. Prof. Ashutosh K. Patel

Engineering 107-109

35 Planning of Facilities for Pedestrian Movement in Urban Area: A Case Study of Vadaj Circle, Ahmedabad

Hitesh A. Patel,Pinak. S. Ramanuj

Engineering 110-113

36 Planning for Non-Motorized Transportation Jignesh C.Prajapati, Prof. N.G.Raval

Engineering 114-116

37 Intersection Design for Pedestrians and Cyclist Jignesh C.Prajapati, Prof. N.G.Raval

Engineering 117-120

38 Theoretical Consideration for optimum irrigation scheduling for irrigation Scheme

Jitendrasinh D. Raol, Prof S.A.Trivedi

Engineering 121-124

39 Overall Equipment Effectiveness Measurement and Review of Total Productive Maintenance

Kadiya Pinjal, Navinchandra

Engineering 125-128

40 To Study the Effect Of Stiffness on the Expansion Joint of a Building Subjected to Earthquake Forces

M.D.SHAH, P. G. Patel Engineering 129-132

41 Side Friction and Side Friction Factor (FARIC) In Ahmedabad Road Link

Parmar Dushyant J, Asst. Prof. Ashutosh K. Patel

Engineering 133-134

42 Fiber Reinforced Selfcompacting Concrete Patel Nikunj R,Elizabeth George

Engineering 135-137

43 Modal Analysis of Helical Gear Purusharth J. Patel,D.A. Patel

Engineering 138-140

44 Impact Strength of Ternary Blended Steel fiber Reinforced concrete

Samir M. Gami., D.A.Sinha

Engineering 141-143

45 Identify issues of traffic movement at landside area & remedial measures

Samir P. Mulani,Prof- Naurdin Hajiani

Engineering 144-147

46 Identification of Truck Transportation Issues at a Junction: a case study of Sarkhej Area

Himanshu. B. Shrimali, Prof- Naurdin Hajiani

Engineering 148-152

47 Assessment of Vehicular Carbon Footprint and its Reduction Measures

Chintan Patel,Prof. H.K.Dave

Engineering 153-155

48 Study of Solar Air Heaters with Different Operating Configurations

Ajaypalsinh Gangasinh Barad

Engineering 156-158

49 Traffic Flow Characteristics on Roads of Small Urban Centre

Axay S. Shah,Dr. L.B.Zala

Engineering 159-162

50 Failure in tensile testing on single lap multi-fastener joint with bolted connection

Jagdish N.Prajapati, Dr.Rajula.k.Gujjar, Prof.M.M.Pomal

Engineering 163-167

51 Study Of Infiltration Capacity At Anjar, Kutch Ravi C Ahir, Sagar D Patel

Engineering 168-169

52 Comparison of Temperature-Base Methods For Calculating Reference Evapotranspiration With Standard Penman-Monteith Method

M.R.Popat, S.N.Chavda, B.H.Pandit

Engineering 170-172

53 Electronic customer relationship management: benefits and trend

Tanuja Nair Engineering 173-174

54 VIRTUAL CLASS ROOM USING MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK

Gaurav Katariya, Yogesh Parkhe, Devendra Patil,Pawan Pawar

Engineering 175-176

55 PARKING EVALUATION: A CASE STUDY OF AMUL DAIRY ROAD ANAND

Jaydipsinh P. Chudasama, Dr. L.B.Zala

Engineering 177-180

56 ENERGY ANALYSIS OF SOLAR AIR HEATER BY USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ABSORBER PLATES

Vivek B. Patel,Dr. L.B.Zala

Engineering 181-183

57 Effect of Aspect Ratio W/L ,Body Bias ,and supply Voltage (vDD) for NMOS & PMOS transistor.

Rubina Siddiqui, Angeeta Hirwe, Rahul Parulkar

Engineering 184-186

58 Spider diversity of Wan Wild life Sanctuary, Vidharbha , India.

Taktode N.M. Environment 187-188

59 The Initial Human Behavioural Response to Rapid On set Natural Disaster: Earthquake

S.S. Patil, K.L. Karkare, I.B. Ghorade

Environmental Science

189-190

60 Spatio-temporal Distribution of Surface Water for Irrigation in Satara District of Maharashtra: An Analytical Study

Pawar D. H., Jadhav K.R.

Geography 191-193

61 Nagarcha wadh v kushi bhumi upyog badal nanded-vaghan ek abhyas pahani

Prof. Mane Deshmukh R. S., Dr. S. B Rathod

Geography 194-196

62 Socio-Economic and Nutritional Status of Children with Mental Retardation

Dr. S. S. Vijayanchali Home Science 197-199

63 Motivating Employees under Adverse Conditions Dr Alpesh B Joshi Human Resource

200-202

64 “Strategic Human Resource Management” Dr. M. Venkatasubba Reddy, B. Swetha,S. Jaya Krishna

Human Resource Management

203-204

65 Identifying Crosscutting Concerns for Software Requirement Engineering

Velayutham Pavanasam, Chandrasekaran Subramaniam

Information Technology

205-207

66 Gate pass Automation with Image,Barcode reading and Biometrics

Sumant C. Murke,Tejas N. Athavale, Sangram A. Nalawade

Information Technology

208-210

67 Plight of Rape Victims With Special Reference to India Dr. Monica Narang, Richa Sabharwal

Law 211-212

68 Libraries: An Essential Tool for the Advancement of Knowledge Resources & Research in Recent Era

Dr. Umesh Patel Library Science 213-215

69 An Analytic Study of BA/BSc/BCA/BCom Part I General English Syllabus Prescribed by the University of Jammu

Dr. Wajahat Hussain Literature 216-217

70 A Study on Quality of Work Life Dr.N.Thenpandian Management 218-219

71 Best HR Practices Kavita Trivedi Management 220-221

72 A Study on Employee Retention Practices of Automobile Industry in INDIA

Dr.K.Balanaga Gurunathan, Ms. V.Vijayalakshmi

Management 222-224

73 A Study on Innovation for Organizational Excellence in Health Care Industry in a Private Multi-Speciality Organization

Dr. C. Swarnalatha,T.S. Prasanna

Management 225-227

74 “Performance measurement of Top 10 Mutual Funds with the help of Sharpe, Treynor & Jenson Model”

Monal Patel, Dr. Deepak H. Tekwani

Management 228-230

75 Strategic Expansion for Growth A Case Study on Codescape Consultants Pvt Ltd. (Infinite Possibilities)

Akshay Arora,Abhilansh Bhargava, Preeti Sharma

Management 231-232

76 Role Of Education In Innovation For Economic Development - A Case Study

Dr. Ananthapadhmanabha Achar

Management 233-238

77 ROLE OF HR PROFESSIONAL IN DEALING DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS CONSTRUCTIVELY - AN OVERVIEW

C Santhanamani, Dr. N. Panchanatham

Management 239-241

78 Power of Advertising Supriya Tandon Management 242-244

79 Enhancing Employee Engagement: A Need of The Hour Urmila Vikas Patil Management 245-247

80 Role of E-Learning to Enhance Qualities of Physical Education Teachers and Coaches

Gohil Rajendrasinh K. Physical Education

248-250

81 “Eco – Environmental Study on Nutrient Removal Potential of Eichhornia Crassipes from Domestic Wastewater”

D. K. Patel, V. K. Kanungo

Science 251-253

82 Aphasia – a loss of linguistic faculty Dr Alpesh B Joshi Social Sciences 254-256

83 Workaholism – A Modern Day Nuisance Dr Alpesh B Joshi Social Sciences 257-258

84 Vartman me Dalit Varg ki Samasya Dr. H. L. Chavda Sociology 259-260

Volume : 1 | Issue : 5 | May 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 15

INTRODUCTIONA key decision in logistics management is the selection of the transportation mode and carrier to move the firm’s inbound and outbound freight. Managers typically consider multiple attributes when making this decision, often focusing on cost and transit time as the primary criteria. This is not a trivial decision, however, as the process often involves multiple cri-teria, some of which are not readily quantified. Mode choice and carrier selection are part of the decision-making process in transportation that includes identifying relevant transporta-tion performance variables, selecting mode of transport and carrier, negotiating rates and service levels, and evaluating carrier performance (Monczka et al., 2005). Transportation costs average 20 percent of total production costs (Russell and Taylor, 2003). For the Norwegian companies surveyed in Pedersen and Gray (1998), more than 50 percent of the total logistics cost of a product is attributed to transportation. But transportation and distribution can be instrumental in achiev-ing competitive advantage (Reimann, 1989). The perform-ance of the transport carrier may influence the effectiveness of the entire logistics function of a company.

REVIEW OF LITERATUREAs technologies and economies became more sophisticated and globalised, transport geographers began to embrace on new ways of understanding the role of transport at local, na-tional and global scales (Tolley & Turton, 1995). As a conse-quence, there has been a considerable increase in the number of means & number of transport modes to cater the needs of high performance product at lower maintenance costs. Then transport manufacturers have focused their attention on the minimisation of the life-cycle-cost and on its main determining factors, in particular reliability, maintainability and availability of products (Black, 2001). Transport system makes products movable through timely and regional efficacy for promoting value-added under the least cost principle. Transport affects the results of logistics activities and influences production & sale. Value of transportation varies with different industries. The present study examines the parameters and costs influ-encing transportation decisions and systems in small manu-facturing industries of district Udhampur of J&K State.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGYThe primary data for the study were collected from 44 func-tional manufacturing SSIs registered under District Industries Centre (DIC), Udhampur of J&K State sub-divided into ten lines of operation comprising cement (8), pesticide (3), steel (3), battery/lead/alloy (5), menthol (2), guns (2), conduit pipes (2), gates/grills/varnish (5), maize/atta/dal mills (3) and mis-cellaneous (11). Census method was used to elicit response from owners/managers of the SSIs. Information was collected by administering self developed questionnaire prepared after consulting experts and review of literature which comprised of general information and various statements of transportation management. Items in the questionnaire were in descriptive form, ranking, dichotomous, open ended and five-point Likert scale. The data collected was further analysed with the help of SPSS (Version 16.00) for purification, checking validity and reliability. Ranking tables were used to elicit meaningful re-sponses from the data.

DATA ANALYSIS ANS INTERPRETATIONThe suitability of raw data for factor analysis obtained from SSI managers was examined through Anti-image, KMO value, Bartlett’s Test of Sphercity (p-value = 0.000), Principal Component Analysis and Varimax Rotation (Stewart, 1981) indicating sufficient common variance and correlation matrix (Dess et al., 1997 and Field, 2000). On seventh round, the KMO value (0.599) and Bartlett Test of Sphercity (624.049) indicated acceptable and significant values. The process of R-Mode Principal Component Analysis (PSA) with Varimax Rotation brought the construct to the level of 22 statements out of 30 statements originally kept in the domain of transpor-tation management. Therefore, factor loadings in the final fac-torial design, were consistent with conservative criteria, there-by resulting into five-factor solution using Kaiser Criteria (i.e. eigen value ≥1) with 71.21% of the total variance explained, i.e. 22 items got grouped in five factors. The communality for 22 items ranged from 0.59 to 0.88, indicating moderate to high degree of linear association among the variables. The factor loading ranges from 0.585 to 0.905 and the cumula-tive variance extracted ranges from 18.98 to 71.21 percent (Table 1.1).

Research Paper

* Assistant Professor, Dept. of Commerce, University of Jammu

** Professor & HOD Commerce, Dept. of Commerce, University of Jammu

Commerce

Parameters And Costs Influencing Transportation Decisions In Small

Manufacturing Firms

* Vipul Chalotra ** Prof Neetu Andotra

Keywords : Transportation, Supply Chain, effectiveness, Small Scale Industries (SSIs).

The changing role of the corporate transportation functions in the modern business environment requires a broad view of managers responsibilities in an integrated supply chain. Product manufactured at one place is globally required, so role of transportation becomes indispensable. The present study highlights the transportation modes and strategies used in 44 small scale units operating in district Udhampur of J&K State. The research framework was examined by empirical analysis of primary data collected. Validity and reliability of the scales in the construct were assessed through BTS and Cronbach-alpha. The results of ranking tables revealed that vehicle type is the main parameter influencing optimal transportation system, the main cost affecting transportation decision is the vehicle cost and firms own transportation helps in reducing the overall cost of transportation.

ABSTRACT

Volume : 1 | Issue : 5 | May 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

16 X PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

Reliability: The alpha reliability coefficients for F1 (0.852), F2 (0.809), is higher than the criteria of 0.77 obtained by Gordon and Narayanan (1984) indicating high internal consistency. F3 (0.769), F4 (0.652) and F5 (0.704) are also at a minimum acceptable level of 0.50 as recommended by Brown et al. (2001) and Kakati and Dhar (2002) thereby obtaining satis-factory internal consistency.

Validity: The five factors obtained alpha reliability higher & equal to 0.50 and KMO value at 0.599, indicating significant construct validity of the construct (Hair et al., 1995).

Table 1.2 portrays the parameters influencing the optimal transportation system. Six parameters taken into account are: “Vehicle type”, “Type of operation”, “Travel time”, Time & dis-tance”, “Objectives of the firm” and “Road network”. “Vehicle type” is accorded rank one with mean score (1.81) by all the firms except for menthol and guns. Travel time is given sec-ond rank with mean score (2.99). Type of operation ranked third (mean score = 3.26), time & distance acquires fourth rank, objectives of the company shows fifth rank and road network is accorded sixth rank by all the operating firms.

Table 1.3 depicts impact of vehicle costs, overhead costs, road tax and processing costs on transportation decisions. Vehicle costs is accorded rank one by all the manufacturing firms. Road tax is given rank II by almost all the firms except for cements, pesticides/insecticides, guns and steel. Over-head costs are ranked third and processing costs is ranked IV by almost all the operating firms. In the nutshell, vehicle

costs affect the most while making transportation decisions.

Table 1.4 depicts the benefits of having firm’s own transporta-tion. The variables identified are “Helps in reducing overall costs”, “Helps in satisfying customers”, “Leads to increased safety & social regulations” and “Provides efficient services”. The most important benefits of own transportation is that it helps in reducing overall costs as connoted by its mean score and rank [1.84, (I)]. Secondly, it helps in satisfying custom-ers [2.34, (II)]. Thirdly, it leads to increased safety and social regulations [2.77, (III)] and lastly, it provides efficient services than the hired ones [3.00, (IV)]. Overall, small manufacturing firms enjoys numerous benefits of their own transportation which assists in reducing costs, enhancing profits, meeting frequent customer requirements and provides stability peri-ods of uncertainty.

CONCLUSIONThe supply chain processes emerging from transportation regulation, advances in information technology, time-based competition, and globalization encounter significant challeng-es as their firms proceed down the road toward supply chain integration. Managers must encourage their firms to view the total cost and total value provided by carriers, and refrain from buying transportation solely based upon lowest transactional cost. The findings of the study is limited to small scale in-dustries of district Udhampur of J&K State, so results drawn cannot be generalized for medium or large scale industries functioning in other parts of country having dissimilar busi-ness environment.

Table 1.1: Results Showing Factor Loadings and Variance Explained After Scale Purification for Transportation Manage-ment

Factor-wise Dimensions Mean S.D F.L EigenValue

VarianceExplained %

Cumulative Variance %

Comm-unality α

F1 Cost reduction 4.18 .411 6.458 18.982 18.982 .8526Lowers the overall costImproved safety & social regulationsResults in lowering inventoryImproves plant efficienciesMaximises customer serviceTimely movement of goods

4.204.114.114.134.274.25

.408

.321

.386

.347

.450

.575

.775

.751

.746

.726

.661

.630

.667

.765

.776

.831

.641

.606F2 Improvement in business performance 4.11 .438 3.025 15.904 34.886 .8097Creates time & place utilitiesImproved production technologySimplifies customer search processInbound & outbound transportation

4.154.134.134.04

.428

.408

.347

.568

.905

.815

.775

.585

.853

.869

.670

.637F3 Effective transportation design 4.19 .477 2.046 13.902 48.789 .7696Huge profit marginsReduces warehousing costingPrices of productsInfluences product costs

4.134.204.294.15

.462

.509

.509

.428

.729

.716

.701

.669

.759

.772

.592

.667F4 Proper routenization 4.30 .460 1.499 13.070 61.858 .6528Freight rates & inter state taxSupplier schedulingPlaces right product at the right timeProper routenization of goods

4.094.044.504.56

.421

.370

.505

.545

.783

.680

.612

.599

.697

.779

.685

.599F5 Customer service 4.15 .357 1.214 9.394 71.212 .7047Customer responsiveSpeed is critical

4.094.22

.290

.423.848.764

.882

.814Footnotes: KMO Value = .599; Bartlett’s Test of Sphercity = 624.049, df = 190, Sig. =.000; Extraction Method Principal Component Analysis; Varimax with Kaiser Normalisation; Rotation converged in 7 iterations; ‘FL’ stands for Factor Loadings, ‘S.D’ for Standard Deviation and ‘α’ for Alpha

Table 1.2: Parameters Influencing the Optimal Transportation System Units/Parameters

Vehicle type

Type of operation

Travel time

Time &distance Objectives Road

networkCement 1.5 (I) 2.6 (II) 3.5 (III) 3.8 (IV) 4.1 (V) 5.3 (VI)Battery/Lead/Alloy 1.4 (I) 4.4 (IV) 3 (III) 2.2 (II) 4.6 (V) 5.4 (VI)Pesticides/Insecticides 2 (I) 2.3 (II) 4 (V) 3.3 (IV) 3 (III) 6 (VI)Conduit pipes 1 (I) 3.5 (III) 3.5 (IV) 5.5 (V) 2 (II) 5.5 (VI)Menthol 3 (III) 2 (II) 1 (I) 4.5 (IV) 4.5 (V) 6 (VI)Guns 2.5 (II) 3.5 (IV) 2.5 (III) 1.5 (I) 5 (V) --Steel 2 (I) 3.6 (V) 3.6 (IV) 3.3 (III) 3 (II) 5.3 (VI)Gates/Grills/Varnish/Paint 1 (I) 3.4 (III) 2.8 (II) 4.2 (IV) 4.4 (V) 5.2 (VI)

Volume : 1 | Issue : 5 | May 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 17

Atta/Maize/Dal mills 1 (I) 3.6 (III) 2.6 (II) 3.6 (IV) 4 (V) 6 (VI)Others (Miscellaneous) 2.7 (I) 3.7 (V) 3.4 (III) 3.5 (IV) 3.2 (II) 4.1 (VI)Mean &Rank

1.81(I)

3.26(III)

2.99(II)

3.54(IV)

3.78(V)

5.42(VI)

Note: Where 1 denotes “highest rank” and 6 denotes “lowest rank”

Table 1.3: Costs Affecting Transportation Decisions in Small Manufacturing FirmsUnits/Costs Vehicle costs Overhead costs Road tax Processing costsCement 1.25 (I) 2.62 (II) 2.62 (III) 3.42 (IV)Battery/Lead/Alloy 1 (I) 3 (III) 2.2 (II) 3.8 (IV)Pesticides/Insecticides 1 (I) 2.6 (II) 3 (III) 3 (IV)Conduit pipes 1 (I) 4 (IV) 2 (II) 3 (III)Menthol 1 (I) 3 (III) 2 (II) 4 (IV)Guns 1 (I) 2.5 (II) 2.5 (III) 4 (IV)Steel 1.3 (I) 3.3 (III) 3.3 (IV) 2 (II)Gates/Grills/Varnish/Paint 1.4 (I) 4 (IV) 1.8 (II) 2.8 (III)Atta/Maize/Dal mills 1.3 (I) 3 (III) 2 (II) 3.5 (IV)Others (Miscellaneous) 1 (I) 3 (III) 2.27 (II) 3.72 (IV)Mean &Rank

1.12(I)

3.17(III)

2.36(II)

3.32(IV)

Note: Where 1 denotes “highest rank” and 4 denotes “lowest rank”

Table 1.4: Benefits Derived From Own Transportation

Units/Benefits

Helps in reducingoverall costs

Helps in satisfyingcustomers

Leads to increased safety & socialregulations

Providesefficient service

Cement 1.7 (I) 2.5 (II) 2.6 (III) 3 (IV)Battery/Lead/Alloy 1.8 (I) 2.7 (III) 2.8 (IV) 2.6 (II)Pesticides/Insecticides 2 (II) 1.6 (I) 4 (IV) 2.3 (III)Conduit pipes 1 (I) 2.5 (II) 3 (III) 3.5 (IV)Menthol 1 (I) 3 (III) 2 (II) 4 (IV)Guns 2 (I) 2 (II) 2.5 (III) 3.5 (IV)Steel 1.3 (I) 2.6 (II) 3 (III) 3 (IV)Gates/Grills/Varnish/Paint 3 (III) 1.8 (I) 3.2 (IV) 2 (II)Atta/Maize/Dal mills 2 (I) 2.6 (III) 2 (II) 3.3 (IV)Others (Miscellaneous) 2.4 (II) 2.0 (II) 2.6 (III) 2.8 (IV)Mean &Rank

1.84(I)

2.34(II)

2.77(III)

3.00(IV)

Note: Where 1 denotes “highest rank” and 4 denotes “lowest rank”

REFERENCES

• Black, W.R. (2001), “An Unpopular Essay on Transportation”, Journal of Transport Geography, Vol. 9, pp. 1-11. • Dess, G.G., Lumpkin, G.T. and Covin, J.G. (1997), “Entrepreneurial Strategy Making and Firm Performance: Tests of Contingency and Configurational Models”, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 677-695. • Field, A.P. (2004), “Discovering Statistics Using SPSS for Windows”, London, Sage Publications, pp. 619-672. • Gordon, L.A. and Narayanan, (1984), “Management Accounting Systems, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty and Organisational Structure: An Empirical Investigation”, Accounting, Organisations and Society, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 330-348. • Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1995), “Multivariate Data Analysis”, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, pp. 87-115. • Monczka, R., Trent, R. and Handfield, R. (2005), “Purchasing and Supply Chain Management”, Thomson South-Western, Mason, OH. • Pedersen, E.L. and Gray, R. (1998), “The Transport Selection Criteria Of Norwegian Exporters”, International Journal of Physical Distribution &Logistics Management, Vol. 28, No. 2, p-108. • Reimann, B. (1989), “Sustaining The Competitive Advantage”, Planning Review, Vol. 17, pp-30-39. • Russell, R. and Taylor, B. (2003), “Operations Management”, Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. • Tolley, R.S. and Turton, B.J. (1995), “Transport Systems, Policy and Planning: A Geographical Approach”. Harlow, UK, Longman Scientific.

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