20160505 comsoc ni mmwave all
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
1/43
mmWave
Next-Generation WirelessPrototyping
Sponsored by
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
2/43
2ni.com
mmWave: Next-Generation Wireless Prototyping
Dr. Ahsan AzizWireless Research Lead User Team Manager
Dr. Wes McCoyPrinciple Wireless Platform Architect
Sarah YostProduct Marketing Manager| SDR & Wireless Research
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
3/43
3ni.com
ITU-R Vision for 5G
eMBB
uMTC, UR/LLmMTC
>10 Gb/s Peak
Rate
< 1 mSLatency
100 X MoreDevices
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
4/43
4ni.com
8 Capabilities
ITU-R Vision for IMT-2020 and Beyond
Connection
Density
Network
Energy Efficiency
Area Traffic
Capacity
Peak
Data Rate
Low
Med
Latency
User Experience
Data Rate
Spectrum
Efficiency
Mobility
High
Source – ITU-R M.[IMT.VISION]
eMBB
uMTC, UR/LL
mMTC
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
5/43
5ni.com
Approaching The Pivotal Moment
We are here
Source: www.gsmhistory.com/who_created-gsm
Technical ideas from a huge number of sources
Implementation by a large number of suppliers & operators
5G
Broad Based Adoption
Pivotal Moment of Standardization 1987
1982-85
1988-91
Birth of GSM The Pivotal Year
GSM
Billions of Devices
Multiple Ideas
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
6/43
6ni.com
Massive MIMO / FD MIMO: Theoretical 10X Capacity Gain
Phased ArrayPhased Array
Phased ArrayPhased Array
…8 Transceiver Base
Station8 Transceiver Base
Station
Phase I: Hybrid Beamforming Phase 2: Digital Beamforming
64 Transceiver Base Station64 Transceiver Base Station
Prototyping is needed.
3-5x est. capacity 10x est. capacity
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
7/43
7ni.com
Practical Implications of Massive MIMO
¼ λ
Patch
128 Element Linear Dipole Array• 750 MHz = 12.8m wide• 3.5 GHz = 2.75m wide
Source: Building image from Rusek, et al “Scaling up MIMO: Opportunitiesand Challenges with Very Large Arrays,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
¼ λ
Dipole
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
8/43
8ni.com
100 Year History of mmWave (30 GHz – 300 GHz)
http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-focus/technology-history/first-ieee-milestones-in-india
https://www.cv.nrao.edu/~demerson/bose/bose.html
J.C. Bose at theRoyal Institution,London, 1897
Modern point-to-pointmmWave link
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
9/43
9ni.com
NYU Wireless: mmWave Channel Sounder
• NYU Wireless group published channel sounding results for mmWave
• 28, 38, and 72 GHz
Prof. Ted Rappaport
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
10/43
10ni.com
The Question of Frequency: WRC-15 Outcome
• The ITU released a list of globally viable frequencies for 5G mmWave technologies
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
11/43
11ni.com
The Question of Frequency: FCC Embraces mmWave
FCC issued a Notice of Proposed Rule Making (NPRM) that proposesnew flexible service rules among the 28 GHz, 37 GHz, 39 GHz, and64-71 GHz bands.
Image Source: FCC 15-138, Page 12, Oct 23, 2015https://www.fcc.gov/document/fcc-promotes-higher-frequency-spectrum-future-wireless-technology-0
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
12/43
12ni.com
The Question of Frequency: 28 GHz
• 28 GHz could be the first mmWave frequency to be deployed
• Being considered in US, Korea, and Japan
• Field trials at 28 GHz underway
• Not viable frequency for Europe
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
13/43
13ni.com
The Question of Frequency: 73 GHz
• Real-time over the air demonstrations show73 GHz is viable
• Over 14 Gbps throughput achieved
• Globally viable frequency
• More work at this frequency expected duringPhase 2
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
14/43
14ni.com
The Question of Frequency: 38 & 39 GHz
• Not much published research, yet
• Globally viable frequency
• Part of the phase 1 sub 40 GHz research
• Verizon also purchased spectrum at 38 GHz
• Wider contiguous bands available than at 28 GHz
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
15/43
15ni.com
mmWave Research Areas
Channel Research
• Channel sounding measurements
• Creating channel models
• Validating channel models
Communications Prototyping
• New physical layer/new air interface
• Adapting existing standards from 20
MHz bandwidth to 2 GHz bandwidth• Over the air testing at new mmWave
frequencies
Channel
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
16/43
ni.com
Channel Sounding
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
17/43
17ni.com17
Motivation for mmWave Channel Sounding
• Understanding mmWave channel propagation in cellular environment
• 5G mmWave for wireless access technology is a new area for cellular
• Lack of data and consistency in models
• mmWave propagation channel models for various frequencies and environment are currently availablefrom different groups, but lacks consistency and use case.
• NI’s role in Channel Sounding
• Enable researchers to do measurements efficiently to create and validate the channel models• Use the same HW to run a data link in the same environment immediately and gather system
performance
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
18/43
18ni.com
Early Channel Sounding Results
Source: Nokia (NI 5G Summit at Notre Dame)
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
19/43
19ni.com
Ryan J. Pirkl* and Gregory D. Durgin, “How to Build an Optimal Broadband Channel Sounder”, Georgia Institute ofTechnology, School of ECE, 777 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, http://www.propagation.gatech.edu
Channel Sounding with sliding correlators
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
20/43
20ni.com
Some parameters of interest for mmWave sounding
• Channel parameters
• Pathloss > 170 dB
• Time of arrival measurement > 1.33 (400 meters)
• Maximum Excess delay ~1.33
• MIMO channel sounding – AoA, AoD• PDP resolution within few nanoseconds
• Doppler
• Calibration
• IQ skew, Gain imbalance, LO leakage
• Power
o Convert channel tap values to dBm
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
21/43
ni.com
mmWave Channel Sounder
Wideband sounder
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
22/43
22ni.com
Transmitter Block Diagram
blockgeneration
pulseshaping
ZC Seqparameters RRC filter
• Zadoff-Chu Sequence block• Length = 1920 samples at 3.072 GS/s
• Tx transmits 'x' repetitions of ZC seq. at each PPS trigger
Transmit 'x'repetitionsTransmit 'x'repetitions
PPS trigger
DACDAC
FPGA
Host
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
23/43
23ni.com
Receiver Software Architecture
FPGAHost
MFMF EqualizerAverage
Rx ZC Seq.Average
Rx ZC Seq.
Post Processing(rms delay spread,
Doppler etc.)
From A/D
EqualizerLUT
ChannelImpulse
Response
CFOcorrectionCFOcorrection
Receive block diagram
IQcorrectionIQcorrectionApply
Power Cal.
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
24/43
ni.com
Sounding Signal Design
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
25/43
25ni.com
Sensitivity per Antenna Port• Sensitivity of the channel sounder
o = + − − ⇒ = −
o ! = −
" KTB @ 2GHz = − 174dBm/Hz + 93dB = −81 dBm
(Noise Figure) = 7 dB
#" $%& = ERP, Transmit power, dBm = #" &' + = () + (3*, = - */
(Processing gain) = 10log10(Signal sample duration) = 36 dB (3840 samples)
(Averaging gain) = 10log10(Number of averaged CIRs)
• Current setup:
•
For 50 averaged CIRs (33.3 µs duration), 0 1 *• For the current parameters = −1 + − 32 − 1 = −127dBm
• = −1(*/ − (3*, = −1)4*/⇒ ! = - − −1)4*/ = 15*
• Assume 20 SNR per CIR, 198dB-20dB, 178dB Pathloss measurement capability
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
26/43
26ni.com
Waveform Design
Zadoff-ChuSequence Block
Zadoff-ChuSequence Block
2.56 µs (1920 samplesat 1.536 GS/s)
…Zadoff-ChuSequence Block
Zadoff-ChuSequence Block
Zadoff-ChuSequence Block
Zadoff-ChuSequence Block
• Waveform
• Repetition of ZC Sequences 6 7 = 89:;
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
27/43
ni.com
Calibration for Channel Sounding
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
28/43
28ni.com
RF, IF & Baseband Calibrations
1. IQ Impairment correction both on TX and RX side
2. Hardware frequency Response Calibration
• Frequency Domain Equalizer
3. Linearity Tests• Linear range of operation for RF/IF (TX & RX)
4. Hardware delay Calibrations
• Necessary for Measuring Flight Time accurately
• Account for delays between PPS triggers, propagation delays over cable, etc.
5. Power Calibration• Convert Channel Impulse Response from dB to dBm.
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
29/43
29ni.com
Demo
• Playback of Channel Impulse Responses at 28.5 GHz
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
30/43
ni.com
5G mmWave New Radio PoC System
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
31/43
31ni.com
Why develop a mmWave PoC system for research?
• Physical layer
• New air interface design – e.g. 5G RAT
o Scalable BW, Sub 1ms latency, MIMO support, channel coding – LDPC, Polar codes etc., beamsteering/tracking, various control channel design, cell search ….
• Higher layers
• New network topology
o Low latency MAC, multiuser support, scheduling algorithms, hand off mechanisms, …..
• Semiconductor
• mmWave IC – performance vs. power, size, cost tradeoffs
• Antenna subsystem
• Enabling many new areas such as self driving cars, massive number of connected devices aspart of IoT, many more….
Every new idea will requires building some sort of PoC system fast
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
32/43
32ni.com
Some key requirements for a mmWave research platform
• Hardware Requirements:
• High performance
o Needs to serve as a golden reference
• Flexible
o Needs to be modular and scalable in terms of BW, channel count, latency, computational capabilities
o Flexible processing architecture
o Accommodate different HW partitioning to enable testing of different modules developed by researchers
• Software Requirements
• Unified software environment - provide varying degree of determinism, latency, throughput
o FPGA, DSP, MCU etc.
• Software development environmento Open & modifiable- not too complex yet rich functionality
• Hardware abstraction
o I/O, Timing, synchronization etc.
• Rich set of very high throughput DSP IP blocks
Make it easy for the developer so that they can focus of the research
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
33/43
33ni.com
Proposed platform for 5G mmWave PoC system development
mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
MulitMulitMulitMulit----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
MulitMulitMulitMulit----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingData
Analog
Baseband
Digital
Baseband
mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
IFIFIFIF
Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter
IFIFIFIF
Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
MultiMultiMultiMulti----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
MultiMultiMultiMulti----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
Analog
BasebandDigital
Baseband
Data
Modular radio heads to support
multiple frequencies
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
34/43
34ni.com
Proposed platform for 5G mmWave PoC system development
mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICICmmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICIC IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter IFIFIFIF Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter Downconverter BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
MulitMulitMulitMulit----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
MulitMulitMulitMulit----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingData
Analog
Baseband
Digital
Baseband
mmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICmmWave ICIFIFIFIF
Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter
IFIFIFIF
Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter Upconverter
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
MultiMultiMultiMulti----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
MultiMultiMultiMulti----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
Analog
BasebandDigital
Baseband
Data
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
35/43
35ni.com
Proposed platform for 5G mmWave PoC system development
mmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICICmmWavemmWavemmWavemmWave ICICICIC
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Receiver Receiver Receiver Receiver
MulitMulitMulitMulit----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
MulitMulitMulitMulit----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessingData
Analog
Baseband
Digital
Baseband
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
BasebandBasebandBasebandBaseband
Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter Transmitter
MultiMultiMultiMulti----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
MultiMultiMultiMulti----FPGAFPGAFPGAFPGA
ProcessingProcessingProcessingProcessing
Analog
BasebandDigital
Baseband
Data
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
36/43
36ni.com
Air Interface for mmWave MIMO PoC system for 5G
• Modulation:
• Single Carrier Null CP
• BPSK 1/5, QPSK ½, 16QAM ½, 16QAM 7/8, 64QAM ½, 64QAM 7/8
• Some system configurations:
• TDD [UL and DL support]• 2/3us block duration (with null CP), 150 blocks/slot; 100us/slots
• Real time beam tracking [feedback]
• Bandwidth: 2GHz
• Sample rate: 3.072 Gs/S
• 2x2 MIMO
• RF: 73.5GHz
• Sub 1ms system latency
M. Cudak, T. Kovarik, T. A. Thomas, A. Ghosh, Y. Kishiyama and T. Nakamura, "Experimental mm wave 5G cellular system," 2014 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Austin, TX,2014, pp. 377-381.
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
37/43
37ni.com
NI mmWave Transceiver System
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
38/43
38ni.com
2GHz 2x2 MIMO Receiver Baseband
Matchedfilter
Fine Timing & CFO est
Align counters &Applycorrection
FFT
Coarse Timing
FFT
Channel Est
Channel Est
MIMO EQ
Wmmse
Pilot
Pilot
MIMOEqualization
W1
Odd
Even
Matchedfilter
Align counters &Applycorrection
FFT
FFT
Channel Est
Channel Est
Pilot
Pilot
MIMOEqualizer
W2
Odd
Even
IFFT
IFFT
Wmmse=[W1 W2]
Stream 1
Stream 2
Stream 1Decoder
Stream 1Decoder
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
39/43
39ni.com
FPGA Mapping for Baseband
7976R79023630
Q
Q
I
I
REF IN
REF OUT
7976R 7976R 7976R7902
7976R79023630
Q
Q
I
I
REF IN
REF OUT
7976R 7976R 7976R
PXIe-8880
PCIeSwitch
PCIeSwitch
Channel 0Analog
DifferentialI and Q
Channel 1Analog
DifferentialI and Q
LLRTurbo Decoders
MIMO Processor
• Channel Est• Wmmse
ADC InterfaceI/Q Correction
RRC FilterFrame SyncEqualization
3072 MS/s12-bit
Digitizer
Data AggregationHost Processing
Eight-coreIntel Xeon E5-2618L
PXIe-1085 Chassis #2PXIe-1085 Chassis #1
7902
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
40/43
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
41/43
41ni.com
High Throughput DSP IP for Multi Gbps mmWave PoC: Wide Data PathFFT
• 512 FFT (4x128) Radix-4 Decimation in Time
SerialFFT128Serial
FFT128
SerialFFT128Serial
FFT128
SerialFFT128SerialFFT128
SerialFFT128Serial
FFT128
x3,x7,x11…
x2,x6,x10…
x1,x5,x9…
x0,x4,x8… xx
TwiddlefactorsTwiddlefactors
xx
xx
xx
P a r a l l e l F F T 4
P a r a l l e l F F T 4
X384,X385,X386…
X256,X257,X258…
X128,X129,X130…
X0,X1,X2…
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
42/43
42ni.com
Conclusions
• mmWave for wireless access is a new technology
• Will require both theoretical research and building PoC systems to validate system performance
• Will require much data collection in different environment in order to characterize signal behavior atmmWave
• Research in mmWave spans all the way from channel models to new RAT and semiconductordevelopment
• mmWave technology will also enable new application space that are beyond our imaginationtoday
-
8/17/2019 20160505 Comsoc Ni Mmwave All
43/43
The Role of Spectrum Sharingin Future Wireless NetworksThank you for viewing this IEEE ComSoc Live Webinar.
Sponsored by