2016 physical education written examination · answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet...

PHYSICAL EDUCATIONWritten examination

Thursday 9 November 2017 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookSection Number of

questionsNumber of questions

to be answeredNumber of

marks

A 15 15 15B 16 16 105

Total 120

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.

• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.

• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.

Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof23pages• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions

Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyournameandstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice

questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.

At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2017

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2017

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

2017PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 2

SECTION A – continued

Question 1Theuseofself-reportlogstomeasurephysicalactivitylevelsoftenresultsinparticipantsrecordinghigherlevelsofphysicalactivitythanactuallycompleted.ThisisanexampleofA. reactivity.B. socialdesirability.C. reciprocalcausation.D. cognitivelimitations.

Question 2Animprovementinthelactateinflectionpoint(LIP)ofanenduranceathletecanbeattributedtoA. insufficientoxygensupply.B. anincreaseinlactatetolerance.C. lactateproductionexceedinglactateremoval.D. anincreaseintheabilityofthemusclefibrestooxidisefatsandcarbohydrates.

Question 3Whatcausestheaccumulationofbloodlactateduringexercise?A. lactateproductionexceedinglactateremovalB. theanaerobicenergysystemsbecomingdominantC. insufficientoxygenbeingdeliveredtotheworkingmusclesD. adecreaseintheathlete’sabilitytotoleratetheaccumulatedlactate

Question 4Whichofthefollowingisaby-product(s)ofaerobicrespiration?A. carbondioxide,waterandheatB. lactateandhydrogenionsC. inorganicphosphatesD. lacticacid

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.

3 2017PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER

Question 5Thediagramsbelowshowtheprocessofaerobicandanaerobicglycolysis.

glycogen

glucose

?

sufficient oxygen

ATP

Aerobic glycolysis

glycogen

glucose

?

insufficient oxygen

ATP

Anaerobic glycolysis

Whichoneofthefollowingisthecommontermmissingfrombothdiagrams?A. carbondioxideB. pyruvicacidC. lacticacidD. hydrogen

Question 6Sleepisanimportantrecoverystrategyforathletes.LackofsleepcanbedetrimentaltoperformanceinteamsportsduetoA. improvedreactiontimes.B. decreasedrecoverytimes.C. increasedspeedandagility.D. decreaseddecision-makingperformance.

Question 7Thefollowingdatawascollectedduringanactivityanalysisofanunder-16soccergame.

Work period Rest period

Sprint Run Jog Walk Stand

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Basedonthedata,thecorrectwork-to-restratio(W:R)andthedominantenergysystemforthisgameareA. 1:5andATP-CPsystem.B. 1:3andanaerobicglycolysis.C. 3:1andaerobicenergysystem.D. 5:1andaerobicenergysystem.


SECTION A – continued

Question 8Anuntrainedindividualincreasestheiraerobiccapacityby25%inthefirstthreemonthsoftraining.However,afurtherincreaseofonly15%isreportedinthenextninemonths.ThisisanexampleofA. diminishingreturns.B. overtraining.C. detraining.D. duration.

Question 9Fieldtests,suchasa20mshuttlerun,aregenerallypreferredoverlaboratorytestsbecausetheyaremoreA. valid.B. ethical.C. reliable.D. accurate.

Question 10Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentseachenergysystem’scontributiontorowinga2kmrace(approximatelysixminutes)?

ATP-CP Anaerobic glycolysis Aerobic glycolysis

A. 20% 30% 50%

B. 60% 20% 20%

C. 40% 30% 30%

D. 5% 15% 80%

Question 11Researchersuseddirectobservationtomeasurethephysicalactivitylevelsofschoolchildren.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactivitylevelsrecordedinthefirstsessionwerehigherthaninsubsequentsessions.Whichoneofthefollowingisapossibleexplanationforthechangeinthechildren’sbehaviour?A. intensityB. reactivityC. reliabilityD. socialdesirability


END OF SECTION ATURN OVER

Use the following information to answer Questions 12 and 13.SportingSchoolsisaschool-basedsportsparticipationinitiativeoftheAustralianSportsCommission(ASC).Itisdesignedtohelpprimaryschoolsincreasechildren’sparticipationinsportatschool,andtoconnectchildrenwithcommunitysportingopportunities.TheSportingSchoolswebsitehasinformationforschools,sportingorganisations,coaches,parentsandguardians.

Question 12TheSportingSchoolsinitiativeaimstodevelopthemovementconfidenceofprimaryschoolchildreninordertosupportparticipationinphysicalactivity.Whichlevelofthesocial-ecologicalmodeldoestheSportingSchoolsinitiativetarget?A. policyB. individualC. socialenvironmentD. physicalenvironment

Question 13Whichlevelofthesocial-ecologicalmodeldoesconnectingchildrenwithcommunitysportingopportunitiestarget?A. policyB. individualC. socialenvironmentD. physicalenvironment

Question 14Asoccerplayerwhoshiftstheirconcentrationfromsurveyingthefieldforpassingoptionstoconcentratingontheballinordertopassiteffectively,hasshiftedtheirconcentrationfromA. broad-externaltobroad-internal.B. broad-internaltobroad-external.C. broad-externaltonarrow-external.D. narrow-externaltonarrow-internal.

Question 15Atthetimeofthe2017AustralianOpen,tennisplayerNovakDjokovicspokeofthebenefitsofhyperbaricchambers.Hestated:‘Underpressurisedconditionsyoubreathein100percentoxygen,again,whichofcoursedoesmanydifferentbeneficialthingsforyourbody,cells,muscles.’

Source:LeoSchlink,‘NovakDjokovicsettousecontroversialhyperbaricchambertreatmentdespitesafetywarnings’, Herald Sun,12January2017

WhataretheperceivedphysiologicalbenefitsDjokovicmaygainfromusingahyperbaricchamberforrecovery?A. decreasedredbloodcellsB. increasedglycogenlevelsC. decreasedlocalisedswellingD. increasedphosphocreatinelevels


SECTION B – continued

Question 1 (7marks)GovernmentschoolsinVictoriaaremandatedtodeliverphysicalandsporteducation.Governmentguidelinesforphysicaleducationandsportstatethatschoolsaretoprovidestudentswith:• 20–30minutesadayofphysicaleducationforchildreninpreptoYear3• threehoursperweekofphysicaleducationandsportwithaminimumprovisionof50%for

physicaleducationforchildreninYears4–6• 100minutesperweekofphysicaleducationand100minutesperweekofsportforchildrenin

Years7–10.

a. Whichcomponentofthesocial-ecologicalmodelisdirectlytargetedbytheprovisiontoschoolsofguidelinesontheamountoftimerequiredforphysicaleducationandsport? 1mark

b. Applythesocial-ecologicalmodeltodeterminethelikelyeffectivenessofprovidingguidelinesforphysicaleducationandsportinschoolstoinfluencethephysicalactivityandsedentarybehaviourofstudents. 2marks

c. DiscusswhetheraYear9studentwhohasonlycompletedtherequiredphysicaleducation andsportatschoolwouldmeetAustralia’sPhysicalActivityGuidelinesforyoungpeople(13–17years). 2marks

d. Identifyoneindividualfactorandonephysicalenvironmentfactorthatschoolscouldtargettotrytoencouragestudentstobemoreactiveatschool. 2marks

Individualfactor

Physicalenvironmentfactor

SECTION B

Instructions for Section BAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.


SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER

Question 2 (6marks)

single leg hops

a. Namethetypeoftrainingshownintheimageabove. 1mark

b. Otherthanstrength,stateonefitnesscomponentthistypeoftrainingwilldevelop. 1mark

c. Describethestretch-shorteningcyclethatoccursinthistypeoftraining. 2marks

d. Listtwosafetyconsiderationsanathleteor acoachmayneedtokeepinmindbeforeundertakingthistypeoftraining. 2marks


SECTION B – Question 4–continued

Question 3 (3marks)AttheKooyongClassictennistournament,playerswereseendrinkingfromtwodifferentbottlesduringthechangeofends.Onebottlecontainedwater,theotherasportsdrink.

Discussthree reasonswhyaplayermightuseacombinationofwaterandsportsdrinksduring agameoftennis.

Question 4 (9marks)Asaresultofaerobictraining,anindividualislikelytoseeanincreaseinleftventriclevolumeandstrokevolume.Thesechangesareaccompaniedbyadecreaseinrestingheartrateandadecreaseinheartrateatsub-maximalexerciseintensities.

a. Discusstherelationshipbetweenleftventriclevolume,strokevolumeandheartrate,andtheireffectoncardiacoutputatrestandduringsub-maximalexercise. 4marks



Thegraphbelowshowsthephysiologicalchangesthehumanbodygoesthroughaftertraininghasstoppedforaperiodoftime.

–20

–15

–10

–5

0variation

(% changefrom baseline)

5

7 14 21 28 35 42

time (days)

49 56 63 70 77 84

10

VO2 max.stroke volume

heart ratearteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO2 diff.)cardiac output

Source:LBosquetandIMujika,inIMujika(ed.),Endurance Training: Science and Practice,Chapter10,Figure10.1, IñigoMujika, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 2012,p.102

b. Statethetrainingprincipleshowninthegraphabove. 1mark

c. Define‘arteriovenousoxygendifference(a-vO2diff.)’. 1mark

d. UsethedatainthegraphtoexplaintherelationshipbetweenVO2max.,cardiacoutputanda-vO2diff.,andtheireffectonaerobiccapacity. 3marks



Question 5 (9marks)Theimagebelowshowsanathleteundergoingthe30-secondWingatecyclingtest.Thetestbeginswithanathletepedallingasfastaspossibleonacycleergometerwithoutanyresistance.Withinthreeseconds,afixedresistanceisappliedtothewheelofthecycleergometerandtheathletecontinuestosprintfor30seconds.

Source:McAuslanPerform,<www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIastE4pj3U>

a. Whichcomponentoffitnessdoesthe30-secondWingatecyclingtestmeasure? 1mark

Thetablebelowshowstherelativecontributionofeachofthethreeenergysystemstothetotalworkdoneinthreedifferentcycleergometerexercisetests.

ATP-CP Anaerobic glycolysis Aerobic

10-second test 52% 46% 2%

30-second test 25% 45% 30%

90-second test 12% 42% 46%

b. Usingthedataprovidedinthetable,discussthereasonsforthedifferencesbetweenthe10-second,30-secondand90-secondtests. 3marks



c. EmilyandCoreyarediscussingperformancesinthe30-secondWingatecyclingtest.Emilysaystheabilitytobuffermetabolicby-productswouldbebeneficial.Coreysuggeststhathavingahigherlactateinflectionpoint(LIP)wouldbemorebeneficial.

i. Whoiscorrect–EmilyorCorey? 1mark

ii. Usedatafromthetableonpage10tojustifyyourresponsetopart c.i. 3marks

d. Otherthantraining,namealegalsubstanceormethodthatwillincreaseworkcapacityinhigh-intensityanaerobicexercise. 1mark



Question 6 (5marks)

Source:RockUpNetball,<https://rockupnetball.com.au>

RockUpNetballisaninitiativetoencourageparticipationinphysicalactivityandisdesignedtoappealtowomenaged15yearsandover.Participationisflexible;participantspayastheyplayandchoosefromdifferentprogramstomeettheirneeds.Theprogramsinclude:• TRAIN–forthosewhoareneworreturningtonetballtodevelopbasicskills• PLAY–whereparticipantscanattend(‘rockup’)atanallocatedtimetoplayagameina

flexible,non-competitiveenvironment• NETACISE–foreveryonetoparticipateingroupfitness• SOCIALCOMPETITION–providesamorestructured,traditional,competitivenetball

experience.

a. Applythesocial-ecologicalmodeltocritiquetheuseofRockUpNetballasawayofincreasingthephysicalactivityofwomenaged15yearsandover. 4marks

b. ProvideoneexampleofastrategyatthephysicalenvironmentlevelthatcouldbeusedtosupporttheRockUpNetballinitiativeforwomenaged15yearsandoverinnon-traditionalnetballactivities. 1mark



Question 7 (6marks)Rugbysevensisaversionofrugbyplayedwithsevenplayersoneachteam.Theplayersareusuallyverymobile,asspeedandagilityarekeyfitnesscomponentsofthegame.TheAustralianInstituteofSportimplementedatalentidentificationprogramtoidentifyathletesfromothersportswhocouldplayrugbysevens.TheprogramwassosuccessfulthattheAustralianwomen’srugbysevensteamwonagoldmedalatthe2016OlympicGamesinRio.

a. Beforethefitnesstestingsession,whatdocumentationwouldtheorganisersneedtoobtainfromparticipatingathletes? 1mark

b. Thetablebelowpresentsdatacollectedfromafitnesstestingbattery.

i. Fillinthemissingfitnesscomponentsinthetable. 2marks

Fitness test Fitness component

Ranee Lisa Thalia

20msprint speed 2.82s 2.97s 3.21s

Illinoisagility agility 17.22s 17.13s 17.99s

20mshuttlerun aerobiccapacity level11.4 level12.2 level12.2

verticaljump 62cm 62cm 57cm

phosphaterecovery

17%decrement

8%decrement

8%decrement

ii. Analysethedatainthetabletodeterminewhichathletehasthebestattributesforrugbysevens. 3marks

2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM 14


Question 8 (4 marks)Body composition can be determined using a number of different methods, including:• bodymassindex(BMI)• skinfoldmeasurements.

a. Identifythemostaccurateofthetwogivenmethodsofdeterminingbodycomposition. 1 mark

b. Select one of the two given methods and critique the suitability of that method for use with a groupofamateurathletes. 3 marks

Question 9 (3 marks)Discusstheroleoffatsinenergyproductionatrestandduringexercise.

15 2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM


Question 10 (6 marks)Australia’s Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines for Adults provide advice for the healthandwellbeingofadultsagedbetween18and64years.Theguidelinesencourageadultstomovemoreandsitless.Cindieis42yearsoldandhasbeenexercisingconsistentlyfor12months.Atypicalweekfromherphysicalactivitydiaryisshownbelow.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

30-minute brisk walk

30-minute continuous swim (moderate intensity)

30-minute run session

30-minute brisk walk

60-minute game of social tennis (moderate intensity)

a. From the data recorded in the physical activity diary, identify which aspects of the physical activityguidelinesCindieismeeting. 3 marks

b. Suggest an addition to the physical activity Cindie is already undertaking to help her meet the physicalactivityrecommendationsforheragegroup. 1 mark

c. Outline one advantage and one limitation of using a physical activity diary for assessing physicalactivityandsedentarybehaviour. 2 marks

2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM 16

SECTION B – Question 11 – continued

Question 11 (10 marks)PersonalfitnesstrackershavebecomepopularasexercisepromptsforindividualsaimingtomonitoradherencetoAustralia’sPhysicalActivityandSedentaryBehaviourGuidelines.Thegraphbelowshowsheartratedatacollectedonapersonalfitnesstrackerfora31-year-oldcompletingarunsession.Awarm-upwascompletedbeforethedatacollectionstarted.

216:40 20:50 25:00

time (min:sec)29:10 33:20

0

50

100 heart rate(bpm)

150

200

speed

4

6

8speed(km/h)

10

12

14

heart rate

a. Estimatetheindividual’smaximumheartrate. 1 mark

b. Describetheacutephysiologicalresponsesthatoccuratthebeginningofexercise. 2 marks



c. Identifytwopossibletrainingmethodsundertakeninthissession.Justifyyourresponsewithreferencetothedatainthegraph. 4marks

d. Suggestasuitableoverloadforthisrunsession. 1mark

e. Listtwochronicmuscularadaptationsthatmayresultfromthetypeoftrainingundertaken. 2marks



Question 12 (3marks)

Bikeshareinitiativesarebecomingpopularinmanycitiesaroundtheworld.Designedtoincreasephysicalactivity(andreducetrafficcongestion),bikesareavailableforhireforshorttripsaroundthecity.

Usingthesocial-ecologicalmodel,discussthreefactors(otherthanweather)atthephysicalenvironmentlevelthatmayincreaseordecreasethelikelihoodoftheinitiativebeingsuccessful.



Question 13 (8marks)TheAustralianFootballLeague(AFL)carriesoutaseriesoffitnesstestsatitsannualdraftcamptohelpclubsdeterminewhoisthebestyoungtalent.TheBrisbaneLionsselectedJarrodBerryafterheperformedverywellatthedraftcamp.Hisresultswereasfollows:• 4thoverallinthe6×30msprinttest–24.99s• 1stoverallinthe20mshuttlerun–level15.1• 1stoverallinthe3kmtimetrial–9.46min

Data:AFLnews,‘Top-10resultsfrom2016NABAFLDraftCombine’, 9October2016,<www.afl.com.au>

a. Namethehealth-relatedfitnesscomponentassessedineachtestabove. 3marks

Sprinttest

20mshuttlerun

3kmtimetrial

Thesix30msprintsarerunat20sintervals.Thesprintsarestartedat0s,20s,40s,1min, 1min20sand1min40s.

b. WhatistheadvantageforBerryofhavingahighaerobiccapacityinthe6×30msprinttest? 2marks

c. Whichenergysystemispredominantinthe6×30msprinttest? 1mark

d. Whatisthelikelycauseoffatigueinthe6×30msprinttest? 1mark

e. Whattypeofrecoverywouldbemostbeneficialbetweeneachofthesprintsinthe6×30msprinttest? 1mark



Question 14 (14marks)KobeBryant,anNBAbasketballplayerwiththeLALakers,retiredin2016.InhisfinalNBAgame,Bryantscored60pointsin42minutesofplay.Hisactionsduringthelastthreeminutesandfivesecondsarepresentedinthegamelogbelow.Overall,inthatperiod,thetwoteamsweretogetherresponsiblefortwotimeouts,twosubstitutionsandthreesetsoffreethrows.

Time remaining (minutes:seconds)

Actions performed by Kobe Bryant Score Lakers vs Jazz

3:05.00 reverselay-up 86–94

2:16.00 twofreethrows 88–96

1:45.00 fast-drivinglay-up 90–96

1:27.00 pull-upjumpshotfromapprox.5m 92–96

0:59.70 3-ptpull-upjumpshot 95–96

0:31.60 pull-upjumpshotfromapprox.6m 97–96

0:14.80 twofreethrows 99–96

0:04.10 substitutedfrommatch 101–96

Source:NationalBasketballAssociation,OfficialScorer’sReport,FinalBox,13April2016; ©2016NBAProperties,INC.

a. Priortothethreeminutesandfivesecondsmentionedabove,Bryanthadalreadyplayed39minutesofthegame.

Usingthedataprovidedabove,discussBryant’senergyrequirementsforthelastthreeminutesofplay. 6marks



b. Bryanthasspokenpubliclyabouthowheusedmeditationandimageryinhislifetohelphisbasketball.

Stateone otherpsychologicalstrategyhemayhaveusedduringhislastgameandexplainhowthisstrategymayhaveaidedhisconcentrationwhenshootingfreethrows. 2marks

c. ExplainafatiguemechanismthatcouldhavehadanimpactonBryant’sperformancetowardstheendofthegame. 2marks

d. ListonenutritionalstrategyandonephysiologicalstrategythatBryantcouldhaveusedtoaidhisrecoveryafterthegame. 2marks

Nutritionalstrategy

Physiologicalstrategy

e. Otherthantidalvolume,statetwochronicrespiratoryadaptationsthatwouldhaveaidedBryant’sperformance. 2marks

1.

2.



Question 15 (6marks)a. Ofthethreesubstances/methodslistedbelow,whichoneisatriathletemostlikelytobenefit

from?Circlethecorrectanswer. 1mark

anabolicsteroids betablockers blooddoping

b. Maskingagentshavenotbeenshowntoimproveperformance;however,theyarebannedundertheWorldAnti-DopingAgency(WADA)code.

i. Nameamaskingagent. 1mark

ii. WhywouldWADAbanmaskingagents? 2marks

iii. Listonepossiblebenefitandonepotentialharmassociatedwithtakingamaskingagent. 2marks

Benefit

Harm

23 2017 PHYSICAL EDUCATION EXAM

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Question 16 (6 marks)The modern pentathlon is an Olympic sport that comprises five different events:• fencing • 200 m freestyle swimming• showjumping• combined pistol shooting and a 3200 m cross-country run

All events are completed on the same day.Chloe Esposito won a gold medal for Australia in the modern pentathlon at the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio. Esposito’s results are shown in the table below.

Athlete Swimming time (pts)

Fencing victories (pts)

Riding time (pts)

Combined 3200 m and pistol shooting time (pts)

Total

Chloe Esposito 2:12.38 minutes (303)

19 (215) 77.60 seconds (284)

12:10.19 minutes (570) 1372

Source: Australian Olympic Committee, <http://corporate.olympics.com.au>

a. According to the governing body for the modern pentathlon, the decision to complete all events on the same day has made the modern pentathlon a drug-free sport.

Discuss how the combination of the above five events on one day aids in ensuring the modern pentathlon is drug free. Refer to specific events in your response. 3 marks

b. If the combined event was staged on different days, what prohibited substance would improve performance in the pistol shooting? Justify your response. 2 marks

c. Name a legal method that could be used to enhance performance instead of the prohibited substance named in part b. 1 mark

2016 physical education written examination · answer all questions in pencil on the answer sheet...

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