2016 canadian association of geographers of ontario ... · 2 general information welcome to the...
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October 28th & 29th, 2016
PROGRAM GUIDE AND ABSTRACTS
2016 CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS OF ONTARIO
CONFERENCE (CAGONT)
HOSTEDBYTHEUNIVERSITYOFWATERLOO
WATERLOO,ON
Website:https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-association-of-geographers-ontario-division-annual-meeting/
Twitter:@CAGOnt2016
Facebook:CAGONT–CanadianAssociationofGeographers–OntarioDivision
#2016CAGONT
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TableofContents
GeneralInformation...............................................................................................2RegistrationDesk..................................................................................................2WirelessInternetAccess.....................................................................................3Parking......................................................................................................................3GradStudentReception......................................................................................5FieldTrips.................................................................................................................5SocialMediaContest............................................................................................6
CampusMap................................................................................................................7Program-at-a-glance..............................................................................................13PlenaryLecture.......................................................................................................15ConcurrentSessionProgram.............................................................................16Posters(alphabeticalbyfirstauthor)............................................................37Abstracts(alphabeticalbyfirstauthor)........................................................42
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GeneralInformation
WelcometotheUniversityofWaterloo
Welcometothe2016CanadianAssociationofGeographersofOntariohostedattheUniversityofWaterloo.Weareexcitedtohavealmost200contributions,fromacrossthecountryandbeyond. AcknowledgementsWewouldliketothankthefollowingsponsorsfortheirgeneroussupport:
• FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo• DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo
LocalOrganizingCommitteeThemembersoftheCAGONT2016organizingcommitteeare:
• Dr.SusanElliott(Chair)• Dr.MariaStrack• Dr.SteffanieScott• MichaelImort• GeorgeAtiim• BronwynLazowski• LaceyWillmott• AndreaRishworth
WewouldalsoliketothankourstudentassistantsandvolunteersfortheirhelpandcontributionstoCAGONT2016.RegistrationDeskandInformationTableTheregistrationdeskwillbeopen:
• Friday,October27thfrom5:00pmto6:30pmintheEV1Foyer• Saturday,October28thfrom8:00amto12:00pmintheEV3Atrium
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WirelessInternetAccessWirelessinternetaccessisavailabletoconferenceparticipantsontheUniversityofWaterlooCampuseitherbyusingeitherEurodamorNet-ID:
1) EurodamUsingyourhomeinstitution’slogininformation.Moredetailsonhowtoconnecttoeurodamcanbefoundat:https://uwaterloo.ca/information-systems-technology/services/eduroam/connecting-eduroam-wireless-network
ConnecttoWi-Fi(eduroam)
1. Locatethenetworkiconinthetaskbarandgotothelistofwirelessnetworks2. Selecteduroamandclickconnect3. IntheUsernamefieldenteryourinstitutionusername4. Enteryourpassword
2) Net-IDNet-IDaccesswillbehandedoutwiththeregistrationpackage.Eachconferenceparticipantwillreceiveindividualizedusernamesandpasswords.TogainaccesstotheUWnetworkfollowthesesteps:
1. ObtainaGuestNetIDaccount1. ObtainGuestNetIDaccount(handedoutwithregistrationpackage)2. Completeprocess.Besuretorecordtheloginnameandpasswordprovided3. ProceedtoConnecttoWi-Fi(eduroam)stepsbelow
2. ConnecttoWi-Fi(eduroam)1. Locatethenetworkiconinthetaskbarandgotothelistofwirelessnetworks2. Selecteduroamandclickconnect3. [email protected]. InthePasswordfieldenteryourNetIDpassword
Ifyourequirefurtherassistance,pleasecontactInformationSystemsandTechnologythroughtheirlivechatonthewebsite:https://uwaterloo.ca/information-systems-technology/
ParkingPayparkingisavailableinlotCfor$5adayorlotHVfor$10aday(seecampusmap).Parkingmetersoncampusareenforced24hoursadaysevendaysaweek.Pleasenotethatthereisnoovernightparkingfrom3:00amto6:00am,unlessbypermissionofParkingServices.Parkingdetailscanbefoundathttps://uwaterloo.ca/parking/
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PlenaryLectureandConcurrentSessionsAllconferencetalkswillbeheldintheEnvironmentFacultybuildingsEV1,EV2&EV3(seecampusmap&buildingfloorplanmapsonpages7to12)PostersPosterswillbeexhibitedforinformalbrowsingwithopportunitiesforindividualdiscussionwithposterauthorsintheEV1Courtyardfrom8:30amto5:30pmonSaturday,October29th,2016.Posterpresentersshoulddotheirbesttobepresentduringbreaksandlunch.InstructionsforPresentations
3) Eachpresenterisallotted15minutesforpresentationandquestions(12minutesforpresentationand3minutesforquestions)
4) PleasebringyourPowerPointpresentationonaUSBsticktoyourdesignatedpresentationroom10minutesbeforethescheduledstartofyourpresentation,andidentifyyourselftoyourChair.
5) Adigitalprojectorwillbeprovidedineachmeetingroom6) Eachpresentationroomisequippedwithadataprojector,screen,andwireless
internetaccess.
SessionChairInstructions• Arriveinthesessionroomatleast15minutesinadvanceofthebeginningofthe
session.• Introducepresentersbyname,affiliation,andtitleofpresentationatthestartof
eachpresentation.• Ensurethateachparticipantstartsontimeandendsontime.Eachpresenterhas15
minutesforpresentationandquestionperiod.ItistheresponsibilityoftheSessionChairthattheSessionfinishesontime.
• Timecardswillbeprovidedineachsessionroom.Chairsareresponsibleforprovidingpresenterswithtimewarnings.
NutritionBreaksNutritionbreakstakeplaceonSaturdaymorningandafternoon(9:45am&3:30pm)intheEV3Atrium.Coffee,teaandsnackswillbeprovided.
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LunchLunchonSaturdayisprovidedwithyourregistration.Lunchwilltakeplaceat1:00pm–2:00pmintheEV3Atrium.PleasetrytoattendtheCAGONTAGMinroom1408(justofftheAtrium).GradStudentReceptionTheGradStudentReceptionwillbeheldfrom5:30pmto7:30pmintheEV1CourtyardonFridayOctober28th,2016.FieldTripsFieldTrip1:UrbanFieldTrip:walkingtourofurbanKitchenerwithDr.BobSharpe,WilfredLaurierUniversity
Twourbanwalkingtours,ledbyDr.BobSharpe(Laurier),willnavigatesidewalksandenterbuildingsthroughoutdowntownKitchener.Eachwalkwilltakeadifferentthematicapproachtotheurbangeographyofchangeinthedowntown.These2-hourwalkswillbelimitedto15participants.Registrationisrequired.Thereisnofee.BothwalkswillpromptlycommenceandendattheKingStreetentrancetotheKitchenerCityHall.Theweathercanbebecoldandwet,sopleasedressappropriatelyforsomebriskwalkingoutside.A)WestboundfromKitchenerCityHall:12:00-2:00pmTheme:TheAdaptiveReuseofUrbanSpace:RebuildingaSustainableKitchener.B)EastboundfromKitchenerCityHall:2:30–4:30pmTheme:CommunityEnterpriseandSocialInnovationinDowntownKitchener.
FieldTrip2:PhysicalGeographyFieldTrip:FletcherCreekEcologicalPreserve:Calcareousfenandquarryrestorationfrom12:15-4:30pm
Thisfieldtripwillvisitauniquewetlandecosystemfedbycalcareousgroundwaterandvisitanabandonedquarrythathasundergonerehabilitationworktocreatewetlandplantcommunitieswithinthebasin.Pastandongoingexperimentsonwetlandrestoration,hydrologyandbiogeochemistrywillbediscussed.Participantsshouldbepreparedtowalk~2.5kmalongagradedgraveltrailanddressappropriatelyfortheweatherconditions(i.e.,warmclothing,waterproofjacketifrainy,sturdyshoesorboots).BuswilldepartfromEV3atUniversityofWaterloopromptlyat12:15pm.
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SocialMediaContestMakeapostonFacebook,Twitter,orInstagramusing#2016CAGONTandyouwillbeenteredtoWINa$75Starbucksgiftcard!Rules&Eligibility:
• Postsmustinclude#CAGONT2106• PostsmustbePublic• Postsmustbeoriginal.Shares,retweets,andrepostswillnotcount.• PostsmustbemadebetweenFridayOctober28that12:00pmtoSaturdayOctober
29that3:00pm.
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CampusMap Link:toaninteractivemapofcampusonline:https://uwaterloo.ca/map/?basemap=D#map=16/43.4680/-80.5403
PARKING($)CONCURRENTSESSIONS
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EV1–Floor2Map
CAGONTExecutiveMeeting
• GradStudentReception
• Posters(Saturday)
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EV1–Floor1Map
EV1132:• ConcurrentSessions
10
EV3–Floor1Map
EV3Atrium:-Registration(Day2)-LunchandNutritionBreaks
EV31408:• Welcome• PlenaryLecture• CAGONTAGM
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EV3–Floor3Map
EV33412,3408&3406:ConcurrentSessions
12
EV3–Floor4Map
EV34408&EV34412ConcurrentSessions
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ProgramataGlance
FridayOctober28th,2016
5:00-6:30 Registration(EV1EntranceFoyer)
5:00-6:00 CAGONTExecutiveMeeting(EV1221)
5:30-7:30 GradStudentReception(EV1Courtyard)
SaturdayOctober29th,2016
8:00–12:00 Registration(EV3Atrium;1stFloorbyWilliamsCoffeeShop)
8:30–8:45WelcomeandIntroduction(EV31408)
Chair:SusanElliott
8:30–5:30 PostersonDisplay(EV1Courtyard)
8:45-945
PlenaryLecture(EV31408):CombustibleGeopolitics:FireandChangeintheAnthropoceneDr.SimonDalby, WilfridLaurierUniversity/BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs
Chair:SusanElliott9:45–10:00 NutritionBreakinEV3Atrium
10:00–11:30
CONCURRENTSESSIONSEV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412
Session1AGlobalHealth
Session2APlanning
Session3AAgriculture
Session4ARemoteSensing
Session5AClimateChange
Session6AHydrology&
BiogeochemistryofRestoredWetland
Ecosystems
11:30–11:45 BREAK
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11:45–1:00
EV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412
Session1BGlobalHealth
Session2B
SpecialSession:Trials&
TribulationsofFieldWork
Session3BPhysical
Geography:Soils&Water
Session4BSpecialSession:TellingBetterFutures
Session5BClimateChange
Session6BEconomic/Resource
1:00–2:00 LunchinEV3Atrium(AGMheldfrom1:15–1:45inEV31408)
2:00–3:30
CONCURRENTSESSIONSEV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412
Session1CAboriginal
Environments
Session2CManaged
Ecosystems&Environmental
Change
Session3CDevelopmentGeography
Session4CPlanning
Session5CEnergy
Session6CHealth
Geography
3:30–3:45 NutritionBreakinEV3Atrium
3:45–5:15
EV1132 EV33412 EV33408 EV33406 EV34408 EV34412
Session1DGovernance
Session2DFoodSystems/Immigration
Session3DEconomic
Session4DDigital/GIS
Session5DDisasters
Session6DHealth
Geography
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PlenaryLecture(EV31408)SimonDalby
SimonDalbyistheActingChairoftheMasterin
InternationalPublicPolicyprogram,aCIGIChair
inthePoliticalEconomyofClimateChange,and
ProfessorofGeographyandEnvironmental
StudiesatWilfridLaurierUniversity.His
publishedresearchdealswithclimatechange,
politicalecology,geopolitics,globalsecurity,
environmentalchange,militarizationandthe
spatialdimensionsofgovernance.
CombustibleGeopolitics:FireandChangeintheAnthropocene
ProfesssorSimonDalby
WilfridLaurierUniversity/BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs
Asmegafiresbecomemorefrequent,andfireseasonslengthen,thehuman
responsetoclimatechangeisnowfocusedonbothcombustionaswellas
precipitationevents.Fireisarelativelyneglectedpartofthehuman
transformationoftheplanet,onethatisworthrevisitingasapossiblewayto
linkclimateadaptation,therevivedinterestinmaterialgeopoliticsandthe
possibilitiesofextendingtraditionalanalysesofpoliticalecologytotheglobal
scale.Whilegreatcautionisneededinmakinglargetheoreticalclaimsabout
physicalprocessesinhumanaffairs,fireofferssomepotentiallyuseful
insightsintotheAnthropocenediscussionthatmayhelpwithhowthe
increasinglysignificant‘humanityfactor’canbeintegratedintoEarthSystem
Science.
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ConcurrentSessionProgram
SESSION1A:GLOBALHEALTH
Location:EV1132SessionChair:ElijahBisung
10:00–10:15
NeglectedTropicalDiseases(NTDs)astheclassicexampleofinequalityand
wellbeinginsub-SaharanAfrica
Ochola,E.A.&Elliott,S.J.
10:15–10:30
CommunityhealtheffectsofsurfaceminingintheUpperWestRegionof
Ghana
RogerAntabe,KilianN.Atuoye,VincentZ.Kuuire,GodwinArku&IsaacLuginaah
10:30–10:45
Thecommunity-basedhealthplanningandservicesandfacility-based
deliveriesintheUpperWestRegionofGhana.
JosephA.Braimah&IsaacLuginaah
10:45–11:00
CommunityHealthWorkersandMaternalHealthcareinRwanda:
Barrierstotheprovisionofadequateservices
GermaineTuyisenge,CelestinHategekimana,IsaacLuginaah,DavidCechetto,&StephenRulisa
11:00–11:15
GlobalHealthfromtheMargins:ThoughtsfromStudentsEngaginginCross-
SectoralCollaborations
LaceyWillmott,DevinWaugh,&LesleyJohnston
11:15–11:30
Psychosocialimpactsofthelackofaccesstowaterandsanitationinlow-and
middle-incomecountries:Ascopingreview
BisungElijah&SusanJ.Elliott
17
SESSION1B:GLOBALHEALTH
Location:EV1132SessionChair:RogerAntabe
11:45–12:00
Health-WellbeingNexus:AnEcologicalandLifeCoursePerspectivein
TheorizationandConceptualizationofHealthandWellbeing
ElizabethOpiyoOnyango
12:00–12:15
TheEverydayHealthExperiencesofSouthSudaneseCanadiansinOttawa:A
FeministPoliticalEcologyofHealthPerspective
KatieMacPherson
12:15–12:30
LandOwnershipandHIVTestingamongMarriedWomeninNigeriaEmmanuelK.Kyeremeh,YujiroSano,RogerAntabe&JosephA.Braimah
12:30–12:45
NumberoflifetimesexualpartnersamongwomenandmeninGhana:An
analysisofthe2014GhanaDemographicandHealthSurvey
JemimaN.Baada,YujiSano,&RogerAntabe
12:45–1:00
Theimportanceofuser’sperceptionsofrecreationalanddrinkingwaterin
promotingsustainablewaterresourcesmanagement:�AcasestudyoftworuralwatertownshipsineasternChina
Li,Sabrina&Elliott,SusanJ.
18
SESSION1C:ABORIGINALENVIRONMENTS
Location:EV1132SessionChair:K.Karanasios
2:00–2:15
TraditionalEcologicalKnowledgeofBelugaWhale(Delphinapterusleucas)in
achangingclimateintheInuvialuitSettlementRegion(ISR),NWT.
DevinWaugh,Peace,T.,Ostertag,S.,&Bradshaw,B.
2:15–2:30
PlacesofErasure:Assimilationimpactonindigenous“senseofplace”
ShirleyHall
2:30–2:45
TheKa’a’geeTuAtlas:Community-basedmonitoringoflandscapechangein
Kakisa,NT
KaitlinKok
2:45–3:00
BorderlessWaters:AnEvaluationofIndigenousPerspectivesinthe
MackenzieRiverBasinTransboundaryAgreements
TeallHall
3:00–3:15
TheUnevenImpactofWaterSecurityIssuesforInuitinIqaluit
VictoriaWatson
3:15–3:30
ThediffusionofrenewableelectricitytechnologiesinCanadianremote
aboriginalcommunitiesusingthetechnologicalinnovationsystemsapproach
K.Karanasios&P.Parker
19
SESSION1D:GOVERNANCE
Location:EV1132SessionChair:AndrewMcCarlan
3:45–4:00
TheuseofmilitarytechnologiesalongtheUS-Mexicoborder:the
dehumanizationofundocumentedmigrants.
MonicaSocorroRomeroMeza
4:00–4:15
Usingvalues-associationofspaceandplaceto(de)legitimiseviolence
conductedinthewaronterror.
RebekahK.Pullen
4:15–4:30
Exploringneoliberalmulticulturalism‘frombelow’
ErinRose
4:30–4:45
NeoliberalEducationPolicy,Teachers’ProfessionalAutonomyandUnion
StrugglesinOntario
PaulBocking
4:45–5:00
TheRiseoftheNeoliberalCity:CondominiumDevelopmentandToronto’s
CityPlace
RachelPhillips
5:00–5:15
PoliticsthatParty:ExaminingtwoalternativeLGBTPrideeventsinGlasgow
AndrewMcCartan
20
SESSION2A:PLANNINGLocation:EV33412
SessionChair:ClaudiaAguirre
10:00–10:15
PlanningforEstrangedRetirees:LookingattherelevanceofMarx’stheoryof
Alienated-Labourtoretiree’ssenseofplaceinthesuburbs.
ClaudiaAguirre,Supervisor:JenniferDean
10:15–10:30
Planningforcontroversiallanduses:thecaseofmedicalmarijuana
dispensaries(MMDs)inToronto
DavidJohnson&Dr.JenniferDean
10:30–10:45
Venturingtothe‘darkside’ofplanningtheory:Acriticalexaminationof
planningforaccessibility
SamanthaBiglieri,
10:45–11:00
TheArtistsofPeterborough
StephanieMurray
11:00–11:15
UrbanSizeandAcademicFocus:ExploringTrendsinCanadianUrban
Geography,PlanningandPolicyLiterature
MaxwellHartt
Collectiveinfrastructurewithoutananchor:thecaseofSt.Catharines=IDMindustry
JeffBoggs&StephanieMurray
11:15–11:30
RethinkingtheGeographyofSmallCities:PlanetaryUrbanization’sInflection
Points
Revington,N.
21
SESSION2B:SPECIALSESSION:TRIALS&TRIBULATIONSOFFIELDWORK
Location:EV33412SessionChair:CherylChan
11:45–12:00
CultureShockintheField:OvercomingFeelingsofIsolationinanUnfamiliar
CulturalEnvironment
CherylChan
12:00–12:15
ManagingTrade-OffsinCanadianFisheriesandFisheriesResearch
GrahamEpstein
12:15–12:30
LivingandLearningwithLocals:AGenderPerspectiveaboutConducting
FieldworkinUnfamiliarEnvironments
F.NooriKhan
12:30–12:45
LettheLessonsFlow:TransformingHardshipsintheFieldintoaNew
ResearcherSkillset
DanielleLindamood
22
SESSION2C:MANAGEDECOSYSTEMSANDENVIRONMENTALCHANGE
Location:EV33412SessionChair:AnneSmith
2:00–2:15
Feasibilityandpreliminaryresultsofusingmechanicalcompressionto
acceleratethereturnofhydrologicalfunctiontorestoredcutoverpeatlands
Tasha-LeighGauthier,Dr.ColinMcCarter,Dr.JonathanPrice
2:15–2:30
ThePerceivedStrengthsandWeaknessesofLargeMarineProtectedAreas
Artis,E.J.,Gray,N.J.,Gruby,R.L,Campbell,L.M.,Acton,L,Howson,P,Jones,S.B.,Mitchell,L.,Wilson,K.
2:30–2:45
StudyingtheImpactsofaChangingSnowpackontheBathurstCaribouHerd,
NorthwestTerritories
NickWilson,MichaelEnglish,ColinRobertson,JanAdamczewskiandRoyJudas
2:45–3:00
Vegetationcommunitycompositionasanindicatorofnaturalareahealthin
Mississauga,Ontario
StephanieVarty
3:00–3:15
DendroglaciologicalinvestigationsatKlinakliniGlacier,BritishColumbia
CoastMountains
LaurenFarmer&DanJ.Smith
3:15–3:30
Soilrewettingabilityonatransectofsoilorganiccarbonwithsand
soiltexture.
HidaManns,
23
SESSION2D:FOODSYSTEMS/IMMIGRATION
Location:EV33412SessionChair:BlaireCullen
3:45–4:00
EmbeddedorDisembedded?:High-techurbanapproachestofoodsystem
sustainability
AlesandrosGlaro
4:00–4:15
Exploringshiftingfoodscapesduringtransitionintopermanentsupportive
housinginKingston,Ontario
MadisonHainstock
4:15–4:30
Ethno-CulturalOrganizationsandLocalImmigration
Partnerships:AMatchMadeinHeaven?
ACaseStudyfromDurhamRegion,Ontario
BlairCullen
24
SESSION3A:AGRICULTURE
Location:EV33408SessionChair:SieraVercillo
10:00–10:15
EvaluatingtheOpportunitiestoDevelopOrganicAgricultureOnthe
GovernmentalLevel
DanshuQi
10:15–10:30
CharacterizingChina’stransitionpathwaystowardsorganicagriculture:a
nichelevelcasestudyinNanjing,China
NingDai
10:30–10:45
ProductionLogicofWell-Being:ConsideringtheNon-EconomicFactorsof
AgritourismProductioninSouthernOntario
SusanDupej
10:45–11:00
EssexCountyAgri-Tourism:ExploringRegionalandFarm-Level
Diversification
HeatherReid&Dr.JohnSmithers
11:00–11:15
SmallholderAgriculturalMechanizationintheNorthernSavannaofGhana:
ImplicationsonLanduseandProductionPatterns
MosesM.Kansanga&PeterAndersen
11:15–11:30
Debatedagronomy:Publicdiscourseandthefutureofbiotechnologypolicyin
Ghana
JosephA.Braimah,KilianN.Atuoye,SieraVercillo,CarrieWarring,IsaacLuginaah
25
SESSION3B:PHYSICALGEOGRAPHY:SOILS&WATER
Location:EV33408SessionChair:WayneForsythe
11:45–12:00
ComparingSedimentContaminantConcentrationsintheSt.ClairDetroit-
RiverSystem
K.WayneForsythe,DanielleE.Mitchell,RichardR.Shaker,StephenJ.Swales,JosephM.Aversa,DanielJ.Jakubek
12:00–12:15
QuantifyingandMappingSoilErosionintheGrandRiverWatershed
OmarDzinic,BenjaminMeinen,CarolineKayko,JackSu,&DerekT.Robinson
12:15–12:30
Theimportanceofsoilpropertiesfortreeseedlinggrowthandsurvival
beyondalpinetreelines
EmmaL.Davis,Dr.Ze’evGedalof,Dr.HeatherHager
12:30–12:45
TreelineExpansionAlongtheCanolHeritageTrail,NWT,Canada->70years
Post-Disturbance
GeoffreyG.L.Kershaw,StevenD.Mamet,&G.PeterKershaw
12:45–1:00
WidespreaddryingofthePeace-AthabascaDelta,Alberta,Canada
Remmer,Casey,B.B.Wolfe,R.I.Hall
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SESSION3C:DEVELOPMENTGEOGRAPHY
Location:EV33408SessionChair:PeterDeadman
2:00–2:15
TheGenderedSpacesofVolunteerTourism
AmyKipp,Drs.RobertaHawkins&NoellaGray
2:15–2:30
“Wecan’tstaypoor”:ruralyouthmotivationstoengageinartisanalsmall-
scalemininginGhana.
LydiaOsei,GodwinArku&IsaacLuginaah
2:30–2:45
“Iwanttodevelopmyself,andmyvillage”:ACommunityApproachto
EducationintheLuangPrabangRegion,Laos
Langill,JenniferC.
2:45–3:00
Gatedcommunities,equity,andspatialfragmentationinGreaterAccra,
Ghana
EmmanuelKyeremeh,HansonNyantakyi-Frimpong,GodwinArku
3:00–3:15
CorrelatesofWomen’sAutonomyintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo
FlorenceWulloAnfaara*,YujiroSano,RogerAntabeandIsaacLuginaah
3:15–3:30
ExploringtheresilienceofhouseholdsintheAmazonestuary;anagentbased
simulation.
PeterDeadman&YueDou
27
SESSION3D:ECONOMICLocation:EV33408
SessionChair:NancyWorth
3:45–4:00
FinancialConstraintsofChina’sSmallandMediumEnterprises
RuilinYang&AlbertBerry
4:00–4:15
Re-examinationoftheSempleandPhippsmodelofthedispersionof
corporateheadquarters
MartinRLefebvre&GrantLMorin
4:15–4:30
ConsultantsandConvergenceofEconomicDevelopmentPolicyinOntario,
Canada
EvanCleave,MerlinChetwood,&GodwinArku
4:30–4:45
GoverningthePhoenixIslandsProtectedArea:ThePoliticsofDecision-
Making
Mitchell,Lillian
4:45–5:00
Theprivilegeofaparentalsafetynet:Millennialsandtheintergenerational
transferofwealthandresources
NancyWorth
5:00–5:15
“Ananalysisofthemodeoftheproductionofgenderedspace“
Casestudies:MadarandQazvinSquaresinTehran,Iran
AnahidShirkhodaee
28
SESSION4A:REMOTESENSING
Location:EV33406SessionChair:BrandonWalker
10:00–10:15
Applicationoffixed-wingUnmannedAerialSystemsforhigh-resolution
documentationofsnowmeltwaterbudgetacrossshrub-tundralandscapes
BrandenWalker,PhilipMarsh,PhilipMann,TylerdeJong
10:15–10:30
MappingandMonitoringMonarchHabitatwithUnmannedAerialVehicles
Robinson,D.T.&Ridge,J.
10:30–10:45
AnalysisofhabitatrestorationusingRemotesensingandGIS:ACaseStudyof
NorthwestBeach,PointPeleeNationalPark,Ontario,Canada.
Nayak,P.,&Byrne,M-L.
10:45–11:00
Investigatinggrasslandpropertiesusinghelicopter-acquiredhigh-spatial
resolutionhyperspectralimagery
BingLu,CameronProctor,&YuhongHe
11:00–11:15
Temporal-spectraltrajectorybasedchangedetectionandclassificationfor
bamboo-dominatedforestsinSouthernBrazil
ClaraJ.Greig,ColinRobertson&AndreE.B.Lacerda
11:15–11:30
ApplicationsofRADARSAT-2polarimetricdataforassessingdegradedwhite
mangroveforests
DuncanJ.E.Hill,JohnM.Kovacs&FranciscoFlores-de-Santiago
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SESSION4B:SPECIALSESSIONTELLINGBETTERFUTURES
Location:EV33406SessionChair:ScottDavidMorton
11:45–12:00
DecarbonizationWaterlooRegion:Participatorylearninginalocalenergy
transition
ScottDavidMorton
12:00–12:15
Addressingcomplexityusingmultiscalescenarioanalysis:Anoverviewand
futureagendaforCanada’senergyscenarios
JudeHerijadiKurniawan&VanessaSchweizer
12:15–12:30
Thebeststrategytocopewithcroppriceshock—acasestudyusingagent-
basedmodel
YueDou,PeterDeadman,MartaBerbes,DerekRobinson,&DawnParker
12:30–12:45
Sixtyyearsofvaluationstudiesforweatherandclimateforecastservices:A
meta-analysis
MillionTadesse&BrianMills
30
SESSION4C:PLANNINGLocation:EV33406
SessionChair:WendyBurton
2:00–2:15
SmallTownsinTransition:AnExploratoryStudyinCollingwood,Ontario
ShaChang&SanjayK.Nepal
2:15–2:30
Evaluatingtheeffectsofroadnetworkstructureontrafficcongestionand
retailstoresales
JunyiWang&DerekT.Robinson
2:30–2:45
SeekingIntegritybetweenGreenInfrastructureandIntensification
SaraSaboonian&PierreFilion
2:45–3:00
HeadphonesandUrbanSpace:BuildingSoundscapesof
Resistance
Brown,S.&Dean,J.
3:00–3:15
Exploringtheuseofsocialvaluestofacilitatepublicparticipationinhighly
regulatedenvironmentalmanagementdecisions
Philpot,S.,Hipel,K.,&Johnson,P.
3:15–3:30
“RaisingSocialCapitalforGreenInfrastructure:TheRoleofCivilSocietyin
GreenspaceProtectionintheTorontoRegion”
WendyBurton
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SESSION4D:DIGITAL/GIS
Location:EV33406SessionChair:PeterJohnson
3:45–4:00
#happy:landuseandhappiness
EricVaz
4:00–4:15
Localmulticriteriaanalysisandagent-basedmodelsforsimulatingurban
landusepatterns
HosseinHosseini,&JacekMalczewski
4:15–4:30
EvaluationofMunicipalGovernmentMobileApplicationsfor311Service
Requests
QingLu&PeterJohnson
4:30–4:45
QualityEvaluationofVolunteeredGeographicInformation:TheCaseof
OpenStreetMap
HongyuZhang
4:45–5:00
ListeningtotheUsers:ImprovingOnlineToolsandDataAccessatthePolar
DataCatalogue
GabrielleAlix,DanaChurch,YunweiDong,ColinFagan,DavidFriddell,JulieFriddell,FrankLauritzen,EllsworthLeDrew,TristanMills,GarretReid
5:00–5:15
Modelsofdirecteditingofgovernmentspatialdata:Challengesand
constraintstotheacceptanceofcontributeddata
PeterA.Johnson
32
SESSION5A:CLIMATECHANGE
Location:EV34408SessionChair:JohannaWandel
10:00–10:15
Rainwaterharvestingasadaptationtoclimatechange:aninterdisciplinary
question
JohannaWandel
10:15–10:30
AnOperationalWinterSeverityIndexforWinterHighwayMaintenancein
Ontario,Canada
LindsayMatthews*,JeanAndrey,IvanMinokhin,MaxPerchanok
10:30–10:45
EvolutionofwintertemperatureinToronto,Ontario,Canada:Acasestudyof
winters2013-14and2014-15
ConorI.Anderson&WilliamA.Gough
10:45–11:00
Theexperiencesandperceptionsofflood-proneCanadians:Preliminary
resultsfromanationalfloodriskperceptionsurvey
Dr.JasonThistlewaithe,Dr.DanielHenstra,Dr.DanielScott,&Dr.CraigBrown
11:00–11:15
OpportunitiesandConstraintsforCoastalAdaptationinMetroVancouver
A.Rutledge
11:15–11:30
Applyinganoveltheoreticalframeworktorecreationandtourismresearch:
ThecaseforProtectionMotivationTheory
StephanieVerkoeyen,UniversityofWaterloo
33
SESSION5B:CLIMATECHANGE
Location:EV34408SessionChair:BrendaMurphy
11:45–12:00
Climate-inducedenvironmentalchangeandthefutureoftourismatthe
AthabascaGlacier
Weber,M.,Lemieux,C.J.,Groulx,M.&Scott,D.
12:00–12:15
Enhancingplanningandpreparednesscapacitiesforclimatechange
resilienceinWawa,Ontario:Acommunity-basedphotovoiceapproach
Russo,Samantha
12:15–12:30
UsingPhotovoicetoUnderstandClimateChangeAdaptationinRuralOntario
Hissa,K.
12:30–12:45
Climateriskandknowledgemobilizationinthetransportationsector
JeanAndrey
12:45–1:00
MeasuringtheEffectivenessofanOutdoorEducationProgramonHighSchool
Students’Knowledge,Attitudes,andBehavioursTowardsClimateChange–
ClimateChangeS.O.S.–SaveOurSyrup!Dr.BrendaMurphy&BryceGunson
34
SESSION5C:ENERGYLocation:EV34408
SessionChair:NickMercer
2:00–2:15
Assessingtheimpactsandperceptionsofsmartgridinterventionson
suburbanresidentialenergyculture
Lazowski,B.,Parker,P.&Rowlands,I.H.
2:15–2:30
SustainableEnergyinNorthernCommunities
StephaniePike
2:30–2:45
BarrierstoRenewableEnergyDevelopmentinNewfoundlandandLabrador:
ACaseStudyofWindEnergyApplyingthe‘AKTESP’AnalyticalFramework
NickMercer
2:45–3:00
Lessonsfromthepast:Whyweshouldnotoverlooksocialtransformation
trendsfollowingresourcebooms
HalimaGoumandakoye
SESSION5D:DISASTERSLocation:EV34408
SessionChair:L.Chakrabarty
3:45–4:00
BuildBackBetterDisasterRecoveryinJava,Indonesia:KeystoSuccessin
VillageReconstructionandRelocation
Woodhall,B.
4:00–4:15
ChangeDetectionfromLandsat:2004IndonesianTsunami
MarissaI.Chase&TarmoK.Remmel
4:15–4:30
Publicattentiontoenvironmentalhazards
AmberSilverandJeanAndrey
4:30–4:45
Integratedcommunity-baseddisasterriskreductionapproachtofloodrisk
management:agoodpracticeprojectinAyutthaya,Thailand
Chakraborty,L.
35
SESSION6A:HYDROLOGY&BIOGEOCHEMISTRYOFRESTOREDWETLANDECOSYSTEMS
Location:EV34412SessionChair:MariaStrack
10:00–10:15
DissolvedorganiccarbondynamicsinaconstructedfenintheAthabascaOil
SandsRegion,Alberta
S.E.Irvine,M.Strack,&J.S.Price
10:15–10:30
Energy,waterandcarbonfluxesfromaconstructedborealwetland
Clark,M.G.,Humphreys,E.,,&Cary,S.
10:30–10:45
EbullitionfromMarshSedimentsafterWetlandRestoration
VictoriaWisniewski,MonikaHavelka,&TimDuval
10:45–11:00
TheRoleofVascularPlantsinN2OEmissionsfromRestoredPeatlands
MartinE.Brummell,CristinaLazcano,&MariaStrack
11:00–11:15
UsingtheTeaBagIndextocharacterizedecompositionrateinrestored
peatlands
MacDonald,E.,Gauthier,T.,Elliott,J.,Turmel-Courchesne,L.,Touchette,S.,Bieniada,A.,Saraswati,S.,Engering,A.,&Strack,M.
11:15–11:30
Quantifyingtopographyatthelandscapelevelforlargereclamationprojects
CollinBranton&DerekT.Robinson
36
SESSION6B:ECONOMIC/RESOURCE
Location:EV34412SessionChair:PatrickLawrence
11:45–12:00
The(re)productionofnatureonnaturalresourcebasedrealitytelevision
KendalClark,JenniferJ.Silver,andRobertaHawkins
12:00–12:15
MeasuringtheEconomicImpactsofProtectedAreasonNearbyCommunities
CatharineBrazeau
12:15–12:30
20YearsLater-Evolutionor(De)EvolutionofOntarioGreatLakesShoreline
ManagementPlans,1995-2015:ACaseStudyofElginCounty.
PatrickLawrence
SESSION6C:HEALTHGEOGRAPHY
Location:EV34412SessionChair:KathiWilson
2:00–2:15
Thinkingrelationallyaboutbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivity:Astudy
ofadultwalkingbehaviorinWaterloo,Ontario
JenniferDean,MichaelDrescher,JeffCasello,AnnaGarnett&TroyGlover
2:15–2:30
Insearchofgreenerpastures:Migrationdecision-makingofFilipinonurses
MaddyThompson
2:30–2:45
TheSocialDisorganizationofIntimatePartnerViolence
AnthonyPiscitelli
2:45–3:00
RuralCommunityConflictandBiosolidFacilitySiting:Wherearewenow?
SarahMason-Renton&IsaacLuginaah
3:00–3:15
AspatialanalysisofbreastcancerinSouthernOntario
JennyTjhin,IsaacLuginaah
3:15–3:30
Migration,HealthandTemporaryForeignWorkers:ExaminingHealthand
AccesstoHealthCareamongFilipinaLive-inCaregiversintheGreater
TorontoArea,Ontario,Canada
JessicaCarlos&KathiWilson
37
SESSION6D:HEALTHGEOGRAPHY
Location:EV34412SessionChair:JennaDixon
3:45–4:00
NewBrainGeographies:LivingwithChiariMalformation
GavinJ.Andrews
4:00–4:15
Rundownbythewolf:exploringtherelationshipbetweengenderand
economicmarginalizationforCanadianswithSystemicLupusErythematosus
(SLE)”
JennaDixon,SusanJ.Elliott&AnnE.Clarke
4:15–4:30
SchoolnutritionpolicycomplianceinOntarioandAlberta:Anenvironmental
assessmentofsecondaryschoolvendingmachinedatafromtheCOMPASS
Study
Vine,M.M.,Harrington,D.W.,Butler,A.,Patte,K.,Godin,K.,&Leatherdale,S.T.
4:30–4:45
GlobalMigrationandChronicInflammatoryDiseases:ExaminingHealth
LiteracyamongSouthAsianPopulations
Dr.IvyDam,GurveerBains&Dr.KathiWilson
4:45–5:00
Whatdoesitmeantolivewithachronicillness?Investigatingthe
geographiesoffoodallergyinGhana
GeorgeA.Atiim&SusanJ.Elliott
5:00–5:15
UsingKnowledgeExchangeStrategiestoEnhanceResearchImpact:Lessons
LearnedfromtheCOMPASSStudy
KristinM.Brown,SusanJ.Elliott,&ScottT.Leatherdale
38
Posters(Alphabeticalorderbyfirstauthor)
ProductioninAlternativeAgriculture:Understandinglabouroncertifiedorganic
farmsinOntario,Canada
LucasBramberger&Dr.EvanFraser
ModellingUrbanSnowMeltinWaterloo,Ontario
PaulDonchenko&RichardKelly
AbandonedOilWell-PadPeatlandReclamation
AliEngering,MariaStrack,BinXu&MelanieBird
LymeDiseaseandDeforestation:Arealistsystematicreview
P.M.Enright
DevelopingbaselineknowledgeofwaterandmetalssuppliedbythePeaceRiverto
thePeace-AthabascaDelta,northernAlberta,usingpaleolimnology
FaberJ.,T.Owca,R.I.Hall&B.B.Wolfe
Spatialusepatternsinthreeincome-differentiatedHamilton(ON)CensusTracts
MiltonJ.Friesen
NavigatingtheComplexSeafoodCertificationLandscape:
AnAnalysisofDecisionMakingamongAtlanticLobsterHarvesterGroups
LarissaGoshulak,Dr.JenniferSilver&Dr.BenjaminBradshaw
TheeffectofDouble-crestedcormorant(Phalacrocoraxauritus)associatedtreemortalityoninvasiveEuropeanfireants(Myrmicarubra)atTommyThompson
Park,Toronto,Ontario
AditiGupta&GailS.Fraser
LuckyRealizationsoftheSnow-AORelationshipinCMIP5Models
TylerHerrington&Dr.ChrisFletcher
LakeIce/WaterSegmentationofDualPolarizationRADARSAT-2SARImagerywith
theIterativeRegionGrowingusingSemanticsAlgorithm
MarieHoekstra,ClaudeDuguay,&DavidClausi
39
DiscerningEffectsofMultipleStressorsonLakesoftheAthabascaDeltausing
Paleolimnology
MitchellL.Kay,ErinMacDonald,KristenWesenberg,KathleenBrown,JasminaVucic,LauraNeary,JohanA.Wiklund,RolandI.Hall&BrentB.Wolfe
Mississauga’surbanforest:Assessinglocalandregionalclimatevulnerability
TalhaKhan&Dr.TenleyConway
IstheAthabascaRiverBeingPollutedfromAlbertaOilSandsDevelopment?
Klemt,WynonaH.,RolandI.Hall&BrentB.Wolfe
StatisticalDownscalingFutureSoilTemperatureataNorthernAirportinQuebec
AndrewC.W.Leung,TanzinaMohsin&WilliamA.Gough
SusceptibilityandRiskAssessmentofEarthquake-inducedLandslidesUsingAnUAV-
basedApproach
RuiLiu,SaiedPirasteh,&JonathanLi
AssessmentofCultivatedLandPressureStatusinChina
XiaofangLiu,YajieZhang,JonathanLi,&LingfeiMa
ExperiencesofCommunityGardensParticipantsinDifferentTypesofGardening
Spaces
AdrianLue,&Dr.TenleyConway
ShouldDriverlessCarsStillNeedRoadMaps?
LingfeiMa,JonathanLi,&SimonH.Zhao
MappingPevenseyBay:TheHistorical,EnvironmentalandCartographicEvidence
ChristopherMacdonaldHewitt
EvaluatingretrievalsofsoilmoisturefromC-BandSARtochangesinvegetation
acrosstwogrowingseasons
JoshMacDougall,AaronBerg,TracyRowlandson,ElenéUeckermann&JenelleWhite
ExamininginitiativestoreintroduceIndigenouscultivationandmanagement
practicesinState-ledparksandprotectedareas
SamanthaMcGee,JenniferJ.Silver&RobinRoth
Effectofbiocharonsoilhealth,greenhousegasemissionsandclimatechange
resilience
Mechler,M.A.&Oelberman,M.
Useofphotosyntheticpigmentstotrackhydroecologicalconditionsoflakesinthe
Peace-AthabascaDelta,afloodplaindownstreamofmajorenergyprojects
EvaMehler,CaseyRemmer,RolandI.Hall,BrentB.Wolfe,JoshuaThienpont&JulesBlais
40
Mappingalarge-scalediebackofmangrovesinAustralia’sGulfofCarpentariausinga
Landsat8timeseries
HaileyS.Morning,DuncanJ.E.Hill,JohnM.Kovacs,&NormanC.Duke
PlayDesertsasHealthInequities?MappingPlaygrounddesertsandsocioeconomic
deprivationinKingston,ON
AllisonMurray&JeffreyR.Masuda
Re-estructurationéconomiqueetseseffetsespaciauxàPortoAlegre,Brésil.JoelOuttes
Leréseaudesréseauxurbains:Lagéographiedel´InternationaleUrbaine(1851-
aujourd´hui)JoelOuttes
DevelopmentandEvaluationofaGeneralizedOnlineSpatialArgumentation
Platform
Pierre,J.&Rinner,C.
Reviewofdatacollectionmethodsforpost-harvesttillageresidueassessment
NealPilger,AaronBerg,RenatoPardo,&JoshuaAntinolfi
EmergenttechnologiesinPrecisionAgriculture/Viticulture
NealPilger,MikeDuncan,&JoshuaAntinolfi
LiDARderivedDEMforimprovinghazardsandgeomorphologyanalysesofriver
mobility
SaiedPirasteh&JonathanLi
Identifyingthecommongeographicalpatternofcrimeandhealth:Applyinga
Bayesiansharedcomponentmodeltoanalyzeviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicidein
WaterlooRegion
MatthewQuick&JaneLaw
TheuncertainhealthgeographiesofkidneytransplantpatientsinGuadalajara,
Mexico
CarlosE.Sanchez-Pimienta,PaulinaMadrigal-Vargas,&JeffreyMasuda
ACriticalAnalysisofState-LedRecoveryofEndangeredSpeciesUsingtheCaseStudy
ofNorthernandSouthernResidentKillerWhalesinBritishColumbia,Canada
MeganSutton
TheRetailInvasion:NewForeignChainsinCanada
StephenSwales,WayneK.Forsythe&JosephAversa
41
Carbonandmethaneexchangeinarestoredpeatland:evaluatingtheroleofthree
graminoidspecies
Touchette,S.&Strack,M.
WeatherandHydrologicalDatafortheCCRNSpecialObservationandAnalysis
PeriodintheWesternCanadianArctic.
M.Tsui,P.Marsh,B.Walker,P.Mann&E.Wilcox
AssessingtheSpatialandTemporalTrendsofSeasonalIceinapeatlandinthe
WesternBorealPlains;MethodsandPreliminaryResults
BrandonVanHuizen&Dr.RichardM.Petrone
MeetingtheDemandforGeoscienceInformation?:AJurisdictionScanofCanadian
ProvincialSurveys’GeohazardsProgramsandProjects
ShonaL.vanZijlldeJong
GeoscienceResearch,CanadianRadonRiskScapesandPublicSafetyDecisionMaking
ShonavanZijlldeJong&MatthewLeybourne
MonitoringRainwaterHarvestingSystemsinIndiaUsingSatelliteRemoteSensing
Observations
Vanthof,V.R.&Kelly,R.E.J.
Waterrisk-perceptioninNyanchwa,Kenya
JoannVarickanickal,ElijahBisung&SusanElliott
Thehydrologicalimportanceofaspatiotemporallyvariablefrosttableinthe
westernCanadianArctic
EvanWilcox,DawnKeim,PhilMarsh,AndrewIreson,BrandenWalker,&PhilipMann
UsingrLakeAnalyzerandConstantMonitoringBuoystoTrackCyanobacteriaBloom
DevelopmentinCallanderBayandWasiLake,Ontario
KyleWittmaier
CharacterizingtheSpatialExtentofaBasalChannelUnderAntarctica’sNansenIce
ShelfUsingLowFrequencyGroundPenetratingRadar.
PeterWray
IdentificationofBuildingSurfaceMaterialsUsingHyperspectralRemoteSensing
Imagery
ChengmingYe,SaiedPirasteh&JonathanLi
Commonattributesintrees:acasestudyoftheprivateurbanforestintheGreater
TorontoArea
VivianYip&TenleyConway
42
FoodbyWard:FoodAssetsandOpportunitiesinToronto
LaineYoung
DeterminationofForestInventoryParametersUsingaTerrestrialLaserScanner
SimonH.Zhao,JonathanLi&LinfeiMa
Challengesinevaluationofsafetyeffectofroundabouts
YueZhao,JeanAndrey&PeterDeadman
43
Abstracts(Alphabeticalorderbyfirstauthor)PlanningforEstrangedRetirees:LookingattherelevanceofMarx’stheoryofAlienated-
Labourtoretiree’ssenseofplaceinthesuburbs
Author:ClaudiaAguirre,UniversityofWaterloo
Supervisor:JenniferDean
Thispaperexaminessuburbanneighborhoods'builtenvironmentsaspotentialmitigators
orcatalystsforsocialisolationandalienationduringretirement.Studiesonsocialisolationhave
focusedonit'sheathrisksforretireesandofferedsuggestionsforinclusion.Additionally,the
WHO'sguideforage-friendlycommunitieshighlightshowtransportation,accesstoservices,and
socialactivityareallinterconnectedandpartofanage-friendlycommunity.Throughthispaper,I
suggestthatsocialisolationduringretirementfunctionsasaformofalienation.Ilookatearly
Marx'snotionofalienatedlabourandsuggestthatretiringinasuburbancommunitycantriggera
secondaryformofestrangementfromothersandfromself.UsingMarx'stheory,Idrawconnections
betweenretirees'senseofestrangementandsenseofplace.ThroughthisIofferanewtheoretical
lensthroughwhichwecanexaminetheplacesinwhicholderadultsliveandaddtotheresearchon
age-friendlycommunitiesandaging-in-place.Iendbyproposingthatbuiltenvironmentscould
eithercontributetoanoverallsenseofalienation,byenablingasenseofestrangementfromplace,
orhelpmitigateit,inneighborhoodsthatlendthemselveswelltocivicengagement,socialactivity,
andcommunitybuildingforolderadults.
ListeningtotheUsers:ImprovingOnlineToolsandDataAccessatthePolarDataCatalogue
Author(s)andAffiliations:
GabrielleAlix1
DanaChurch1
YunweiDong1
ColinFagan1
DavidFriddell1
JulieFriddell1
FrankLauritzen1
EllsworthLeDrew1
TristanMills1
GarretReid1
1PolarDataCatalogue/CanadianCryosphericInformationNetwork,UniversityofWaterloo
Abstract:
ThePolarDataCatalogue(PDC)oftheCanadianCryosphericInformationNetwork(CCIN)isadata
archiveandeducationaloutreachprojectattheUniversityofWaterloo.WeareCanada'sprimary
sourcefordataandinformationaboutsnow,ice,andcoldregions.ThePDCarchivesandserves
onlinedatafromCanadianandinternationalpolarresearchprogramsandcurrentlyholdsover
44
2,400metadatadescriptionsofdatasets,2.7milliondatafiles,and27,700RADARSATimagesof
northernCanadaandAntarctica.
Toimproveservicetoresearchers,northernandIndigenousCanadians,decisionmakers,andthe
public,CCINisexpandinguserservicestoenhanceunderstandingofandaccesstoourArcticand
Antarcticcollections.Inresponsetouserdemand,ontheCCINwebsite(https://ccin.ca/),
increasingly,dataareexaminedusinginteractivevisualizationtoolswhichareeasytoimplement
andintuitivetounderstand.Alongwithrecentuser-drivenimprovementstoourPDCDataInput
applicationandourlow-bandwidthPDCLitedatasearchapplication(https://polardata.ca)which
servesnorthernuserswithlimitedInternetspeeds,wearecurrentlyredesigningourfull-featured
PDCDataSearchapplicationtoaddressuserrequestsregardingtheinterfaceandfunctionality.
Since2015,wehaveconductedworkshopstoteachprinciplesofdatamanagementandengage
usersfromdiversebackgrounds.Throughtheseandotheractivities,wehopetoenhance
usefulnesstoourusersandmakethedataandinformationcontainedinthePDCmoreaccessible
andrelevanttoCanadiansandtheworld.
Keywords(upto4):
Datamanagement,Userengagement,Dataaccess,Onlinetools
EvolutionofwintertemperatureinToronto,Ontario,Canada:Acasestudyofwinters2013-
14and2014-15
ConorI.AndersonandWilliamA.Gough
Dept.ofPhysicalandEnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofTorontoScarborough,1265Military5
Trail,Scarborough,OntarioM1C1A4,Canada.
Abstract:
Globally,2014and2015werethetwowarmestonrecord.Atoddswiththeseglobalrecords,
Canadaexperiencedanomalouslycoldweatherduringthe2013–14and2014–15winters.This
studysoughttocontextualizethesecoldwinterswithinalargerclimatecontextinToronto,Ontario,
Canada.Torontowintertemperature(Tmax,Tmin,andTmean)forthe2013–14and2014–15
seasonswererankedamongallwintersforthreeperiods:1840–41to2015(175winters),1965–66
to2015(50winters),and1985–86to2015(30winters).Theaveragewarmingtrendforeach
temperaturemetricduringthesethreeperiodswereanalyzedusingtheMann-Kendalltestand
Thiel-Senslopeestimation.Winter2013–14and2014–15werethe34thand36thcoldestwinters
inTorontosincerecord-keepingbeganin1840.Torontowintertemperatureshavewarmed
considerablysincewinter1840–41.TheMann-Kendallanalysisshowedstatisticallysignificant
monotonictrendsinwinterTmax,Tmin,andTmeaninthelast175years,andthelast50years.
Thesetrendsnotwithstanding,inthelast30yearstherehasbeennoclearsignalinTorontowinter
temperature.Thelast30yearsalsoshowmorevariationthantheprevious50years,indicatinga
largerrangeoftemperatures.Thiswasconfirmedbyastatisticallysignificantincreaseindiurnal
temperaturerange,between1985–86and2015,indicatinganexpansionofwinterextreme
temperaturesduringthatperiod.Wefindnodirectinfluenceofmajorteleconnectionsonwinter
temperatureinToronto,butidentifyanomaliesinthepositionofthejetstreamduringthesecold
events.
Keywords:climatechange,wintertemperature,timeseriesanalysis,polarJetstream
45
NewBrainGeographies:LivingwithChiariMalformation
GavinJ.Andrews.McMasterUniversity(oralpaper)
Healthgeographershaveconsideredthebrainintermsoflivingwithmentalillnessandthenature
ofmentalhealthcareand,toalesserextent,withregardtointellectualdisability.Theyhave
however,likemostsocialscientists,neglectedphysical/structuralbrainabnormalitiesanddefects.
ThispresentationconsidersthespatialexperienceoflivingandcopingwithType1Chiari
Malformation;aconditionaffectingoneinathousandpeople-mainlychildrenandyoungadults-
wherebythecerebellartonsilsincorrectlyextendandpushthroughthebaseoftheskull(symptoms
includingheadaches,vertigo,impairedcoordination,disorientationandweakness).Intermsof
nexusthinking,throughqualitativeresearchthestudyconsiderstheintersectionsofthreedomains
(i)homeandsocialspacewhich,althoughbeingmeaningfulanchorsandpositiveenvironmentsfor
sufferers,arenolongersopositivelyaffectivebecausethedebilitatingconditionblockssufferers
frombasicmovementandenergy,makingthemfeeloutofsyncwithwhatistakingplacearound
themandtheirformerlivesmoregenerally.(ii)medicalspace,whichalthoughpotentiallycurative
andtransformative,isitselfcomplex,uncertainandfrightening.(iii)supportspace–often
cyberspace–throughwhichsuffererscanattainbothaccurateandinaccurateinformationand
sharegoodandbadexperiences.Thesedomainsareinterrelatedinmultipleways,andeachclearly
possessesbothpositiveandnegativeattributes.
Keywords:brain,affect,qualitative,chronic,pain
Climateriskandknowledgemobilizationinthetransportationsector
JeanAndrey,UniversityofWaterloo
Afterabriefoverviewoftheevolutionofanthropogenicclimatechangeasaglobalenvironmental
issue,reflectionsareofferedontheroleandreadinessofuniversityresearchers,andespecially
geographers,inaddressingassociatedrisks.Examplesareprovidedfromthetransportationsector,
whereweather-relatedcollisionpatternsunderscoretheneedformore“intentionality”and
“substantiality”inclimate-riskresponse.
KeyWords:climatechange,adaptation,transportation,risk
CorrelatesofWomen’sAutonomyintheDemocraticRepublicofCongo
FlorenceWulloAnfaara1*,YujiroSano2,RogerAntabe1andIsaacLuginaah3
1- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada
2- DepartmentofSociology,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada3- DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada
Abstract
46
Women’s household decision-making autonomy is associated with positive health-seeking
behaviours such as antenatal care visits and contraceptive use. Yet, correlates of women’s
autonomy in post-conflict settings like the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) have been less
documented.Drawingdatafromthe2013-2014DRCDemographicandHealthSurveyandapplying
ordinary least squares technique,we aimed to fill this important void.Our findings indicate that
demographic, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors were strongly correlated with women’s
autonomy.Forexample,comparedtoKinshasa,womeninallotherprovinceshadlowerautonomy.
AlsoMuslimwomenandwomenfromotherreligionshadlowerautonomythanChristianwomen.
Wealsofoundthatricher,moreeducated,andemployedwomenhadhigherautonomythantheir
poorer, less educated, and unemployed counterparts. These findings suggest that intervention
programs in empowering women in the DRC through formal education and provision of
socioeconomic opportunities while addressing cultural practices that are harmful to women’s
decision-makingautonomyareneeded.
KeyWords:DemocraticRepublicofCongo;Women’sautonomy;DemographicandHealthSurvey;
Conflict;Kinshasa
CommunityhealtheffectsofsurfaceminingintheUpperWestRegionofGhana
RogerAntabe1*,KilianN.Atuoye1,VincentZ.Kuuire2,GodwinArku3andIsaac
Luginaah3
1- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada
2- DepartmentofGeographyandPlanning,QueensUniversity,KingstonCanada3- DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada
Abstract
Theemergenceofagoldmining industryandthe influxofArtisanalSmallScaleMining following
recent discoveries of gold deposits in Northern Ghana have posed new socio-cultural, economic,
environment andhealth challenges for residents in this dry savannah zone that is already facing
negative consequences of environmental change. Yet, knowledge of the impact of this emerging
industry on the health of local population has been lacking. Furthermore, the extent to which
residents inhostcommunitiesperceiveminingactivities to impact theirhealthhasbeennascent.
Using a cross sectional data (n=801) and applying negative log-log model, this study examines
residents’Self-ratedHealth(SRH)inmininghostcommunitiesintheUpperWestRegionofGhana.
The findings suggest that while uncertainty (neutral) about the health impact of odours from
miningactivitiesisassociatedwithpoorSRHinbothimpactedandaffectedcommunities(OR=2.01,
p≤0.001;OR=1.53,p≤0.1respectively),onlyresidentsinimpactedcommunitieswhobelieveodours
frommininghasnegativehealthimplicationswereassociatedwithpoorSRH(OR=1.98,p≤0.001).
Witnessing dust pollution in homes, however, was not associated with poor SRH in the study
context.Moreovereducation,olderage,wealth, religionanddistrictof residencewereassociated
with poor SRH. The findings suggestmining activitiesmay be exacerbating the already stressed
environmentandcontributing topoorhealth.Thestudyrecommendsanurgentneed to reassess
Ghana’sMineralsandMiningActbyactivelyinvolvingresidentsinhostcommunitiesinmineleases
whileenforcingstrictenvironmentalbestpractices.
Keywords:Ghana;UpperWestRegion;Mining;Self-ratedHealth;Impacted;Affected
47
ThePerceivedStrengthsandWeaknessesofLargeMarineProtectedAreas
Artis,E.J1.,Gray,N.J1.,Gruby,R.L2,Campbell,L.M3.,Acton,L3.,Howson,P2.,Jones,S.B3.,Mitchell,L1.,
Wilson,K2.
1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph
2DepartmentofHumanDimensionsofNaturalResources,ColoradoStateUniversity
3NicholasSchoolofEnvironment,DukeUniversity
Largemarineprotectedareas(LMPA)aremarineprotectedareas(MPA)greaterthan100,000km2.
Theyareseenaspivotalformeetingglobalconservationtargets.ConventionalMPAsonaverageare
lessthan5km2andaregenerallyestablishedincoastalareas.Duetotheirproximitytopopulated
areastherehasbeenmuchresearchdoneontheirstrengthsandweaknessesinrelationtosocial,
economic,political,andecologicaloutcomes.However,lessisknownofLMPAswhichtendto
protectvastandremoteoceanspaces.Recentlyscholarshavebeguntodebatethestrengthsand
weaknessesofLMPAsasconservationtoolsduetotheiruniquehumandimensions.Whereassome
arguetheyareeasyconservation‘wins’,protectingentireecosystems,othersargueLMPAsunfairly
harmmarginalizedstakeholders.Thepurposeofthisstudyistobetterunderstandperceptionsof
thestrengthsandweaknessesofLMPAsinrelationtodiversevaluesforocean-space.Thisstudy
usedQMethodology,amixedqualitativeandquantitativemethodthatusesfactoranalysis,to
determinecommonpointsofviewheldbydifferentstakeholders.Weinterviewed40keyactors
fromfiveestablishedandproposedLMPAsites,including:MarianasTrenchMarineNational
Monument,UnitedStates;thePhoenixIslandsProtectedArea,Kiribati;NationalMarineSanctuary,
Palau;andtheproposedLMPAsinBermudaandRapaNui(EasterIsland),Chile.Preliminaryresults
oftheQMethodanalysishighlightthecharacteristicsoftwodominantperspectivesacrossLMPA
sites.ThedominantviewissupportiveofLMPAswhereasthesecondviewismorecriticalof
LMPAs.
Keywords:largemarineprotectedareas,QMethod,environmentalconservation
Whatdoesitmeantolivewithachronicillness?Investigatingthegeographiesoffood
allergyinGhana
GeorgeA.AtiimandSusanJ.Elliott
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,
Canada
Abstract
Foodallergy[FA]isnolongeranisolateddiseaseofwesterncountries.Researchsuggestsitsreach
hasbecomeglobalasdevelopingcountriesjointheFAepidemic.AsincidenceandprevalenceofFA
aredocumented,thereisaneedtounderstandtheperceptionsandexperiencesoflivingandcoping
withaFA.Inthisexploratorystudyinvolvingtwenty[20]in-depthinterviewswithfoodallergic
individuals,weunpackedthelivedexperiencesrelatingtopsychosocialburdenandcoping
strategies.FAimpactedonthepsychological[e.g.anxietyandfear],social[e.g.stigmatization],and
economic[e.g.medicalfees]wellbeingofparticipants.Importantinsightsalsoemergedaroundthe
roleofsocialcontext[e.g.inadequateinformation]inunderstandinghowparticipantscopewith
foodallergies.Thisstudyisimportantasafirststeptowardsunderstandingtheneedsandmultiple
experiencesoftheallergicpopulationinthedevelopingworldandthesocietalcontextinwhichFA
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iscontested.Italsohighlightstheneedforbothpublichealthpolicyandresearchinitiativesto
addresstheseconcerns.
Keywords:FoodAllergy,SocialExclusion,Qualitative,Ghana
NumberoflifetimesexualpartnersamongwomenandmeninGhana:Ananalysisofthe
2014GhanaDemographicandHealthSurvey
JemimaN.Baada1;YujiSano2;RogerAntabe11DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity
2DepartmentofSociology,WesternUniversity
Abstract
Althoughresearchhaspaidattentiontoriskysexualbehaviours,onlyfewstudieshavedocumented
numberoflifetimesexualpartnersinsub-SaharanAfricaincludingGhana.Drawingdatafromthe
2014GhanaDemographicandHealthSurveyandutilizingPoissonlogisticregressiontechnique,we
exploredfactorsassociatedwithnumberoflifetimesexualpartnersinGhana.Findingsindicatethat
complexsetsofbehavioural,demographic,andsocioculturalfactorswerecorrelatedwithnumber
oflifetimesexualpartners.Forexample,womenandmenwithHIVtransmissionmythshadhigher
riskofhavingmoresexualpartnersthanthosewithoutsuchmyths.Moreover,comparedtotheir
Akancounterparts,womenandmenfromNorthernethnicgroupshadlowerriskofhavingmore
sexualpartners.Womenfromtraditionalreligionandmenwithnoreligionalsohadhigherriskof
havingmoresexualpartnersthantheirChristiancounterparts.Forsocioeconomicfactors,richer,
moreeducated,andemployedhadhigherriskofhavingmoresexualpartnersthantheirpoorer,
lesseducated,andunemployedcounterparts.Basedonthesefindings,thereisanurgentneedfor
policymakerstotargetpopulationsatriskinfurtherreducingvulnerabilitiesassociatedwithhaving
morelifetimesexualpartners.
VENTURINGTOTHE‘DARKSIDE’OFPLANNINGTHEORY:
ACRITICALEXAMINATIONOFPLANNINGFORACCESSIBILITY
SamanthaBiglieri,M.Pl.
PhDStudent,SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo
Contact:[email protected]
Abstract
Recentresearchhascalledforanacknowledgementofpowerinplanningpractice,inreactiontothe
dominantcommunicativetheoryparadigm-thenotionthatwiththerightconditions,Habermas’
apolitical‘IdealSpeechSituation’cantakeplaceandallvoicescanbeheardintheplanningprocess
(Flyvberg&Richardson,2002).Oneareaofplanningpracticethatisnottypicallyaffordedmuch
spacewithinplanningschoolsortheoreticaldevelopmentisthatofplanningforaccessibility
(Lewis,2011).Inanefforttoacknowledgepowerinplanningforaccessibility,thispaperusesthe
Foucauldianconceptsofdisciplinarypower,governmentalityandthegreatconfinementto:(1)
Criticallyassesstheunderlyingassumptionsinhowweplanforpeoplewithdisabilitiesinour
cities;(2)Brieflyseektounderstandwhypeoplewithdisabilitiesareexcludedfrompublicspaces;
and(3)Applytheseconceptstoanexistinginstitutiondesignedtoincludethevoicesofdisabled
personswithinlocaldecisionmakinginOntario,knownasMunicipalAccessibilityAdvisory
Committees(MAACs).WhileMAACscouldbeconsideredanoverallsuccesswhenviewedthrougha
communicativetheorylens,whenviewedthroughaFoucauldiananalysisofpowerrelations,itwas
possibletoproblematizeandthereforeidentifyissuestobeaddressed.Thispaperhasidentified
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severalthemeswhereconsiderationsofpowerneedtobeexaminedinfutureresearchandpolicy
development,including:limitedinfluenceofthecommittee,assumptionsaboutparticipants’
knowledgeandtime,limitationto‘accepted’topics,assumptionoftheuniversalexperienceofall
disabledpersonsanddisregardingofthedevelopmentapplicationprocess.
Keywords
GeographyofDisability,FoucauldianAnalysis,Accessibility,PlanningPracticeandTheory
References
Flyvbjerg,B.,&Richardson,T.(2002).PlanningandFoucault:insearchofthedarksideofplanning
theory.Planning
Futures:NewDirectionsforPlanningTheory,LondonandNewYork:Routledge,44-62.
Lewis,J.L.(2011).Studentattitudestowardimpairment:Anassessmentofpassiveandactive
learningmethodsinurban
planningeducation.TeachinginhigherEducation,16(2),237-249.
Title:Psychosocialimpactsofthelackofaccesstowaterandsanitationinlow-andmiddle-
incomecountries:Ascopingreview
ShortTitle:Ascopingreviewofpsychosocialimpactsofwaterandsanitation
Authors:BisungElijah1&SusanJ.Elliott2
AuthorsAffiliation:1,2DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof
Waterloo,Waterloo,ON,Canada
Abstract:Thelackofaccesstosafewaterandadequatesanitationhasimplicationsforthe
psychosocialwellbeingofindividualsandhouseholds.Toreviewtheliteratureonpsychosocial
impacts,wecompletedascopingreviewofthepublishedliteratureusingMedline,Embase,and
Scopus.Thirteen(15)studiesmettheinclusioncriteriaandwerereviewedindetail.Oftheincluded
studies,6wereconductedinIndia,1inNepal,1inMexico,1inBolivia,2inEthiopia,1in
Zimbabwe,1inSouthAfrica,and2inKenya.Fourinterrelatedgroupsofstressorsemergedfrom
thereview;physicalstressors,financialstressors,socialstressors,andstressorsrelatedto
(perceived)inequities.Further,genderdifferenceswereobserved,withwomencarryinga
disproportionatepsychosocialburden.Wearguethatfailuretoincorporatepsychosocialstressors
whenestimatingtheburdenorbenefitsofsafewaterandsanitationmaymaskanimportantdriver
ofhealthandwellbeingformanyhouseholdsinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Wepropose
furtherresearchonwater-relatedstressorswithparticularattentiontouniqueculturalnorms
aroundwaterandsanitation,shortandlongtermpsychosocialoutcomes,andindividualand
collectivecopingstrategies.Thesemayhelppractitionersbetterunderstandcumulativeimpacts–
andmechanisms–foraddressingwaterandsanitationchallenges.
Keywords:WaterandSanitation;Psychosocialimpacts;Health;Scopingreview
NeoliberalEducationPolicy,Teachers’ProfessionalAutonomyandUnionStrugglesin
Ontario
ByPaulBocking,PhDCandidate
DepartmentofGeography,YorkUniversity
Keywords:neoliberalism,education,scale,unions
Iarguethatthenatureofteachers’workisexperiencingatransformationacrossNorthAmerica.I
willbeconsideringfivedevelopmentsinneoliberalpolicyandgovernancethatarechallengingthe
50
professionalautonomyofK-12teachers,andtheresponsesofeducatorsinthecontextofToronto
andOntario.IwillbelookingatcentralizationandscalarshiftsinauthoritybetweentheMinistryof
EducationandtheTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard,andhowthesechangeshaveaffectedworkplace
powerrelationsbetweenadministratorsandteachers.Iwillthenassessteacherperspectiveson
theextenttowhichstandardizedtestingcreatespressureto‘teachtothetest’,andtheimpactof
specialtymagnetprogramsinacontextofdecliningstudentenrollmentandfiscalausterity.Finally,
Ilookathowtheprovincialcentralizationofcollectivebargaininghasupsetunionstrategieswhile
managementhasbecomeincreasinglyantagonisticandunified.
TITLE:Collectiveinfrastructurewithoutananchor:thecaseofSt.Catharines=IDMindustry
JeffBoggs&StephanieMurray
DepartmentofGeography,BrockUniversity,St.Catharines,Ontario,Canada.
ABSTRACT:Thiscasestudyexaminestheefficacyofeconomicdevelopmentpoliciesincreatingan
interactivedigitalmedia(IDM)hubinSt.Catharines,Ontario.AssembledfromLinkedInrecords,
bankruptcyrecords,newspaperaccounts,expertinterviewsandarchivalsources,thiscasestudy
contraststhebankruptcyofSiliconKnightsavideogamedeveloperchampionedasthecity'sIDM
anchorwithclaimsthatthesepoliciesfailed.Forinstance,existingLinkedIndataindicatesthat
mostofthecirca150employeesidentifiedwithshippingSiliconKnights'finalgamehavesinceleft
St.CatharinesforIDMemploymentelsewhereinOntario.Whilethislossofemployedtalentisa
pooroutcomefromalocaleconomicdevelopmentperspective,itbodeswellforOntario'sIDM
industry.Furthermore,duringitsnearlytwodecadesofoperation,SiliconKnightsprovideda
catalystforthecreationofpubliclyfundedIDMrelevantcollectiveinfrastructure.Theseincludedan
incubatorspecializedinprovidingIDMservicesthroughoutOntarioandavideogamestraining
programatalocalcollegeanduniversity.Aftertheanchor'sbankruptcy,aperformingartscenter
andanartsannexofthelocaluniversitywerecompleted.Whileitremainstobeseenifthis
collectiveinfrastructurecanfosterSt.Catharines'IDMeconomygiventheanchor'sbankruptcy,
theseinvestmentswilllikelyfeedtalentintoOntario'slargerIDMeconomy.Thesefindingssuggest
moregenerallythatevaluatingtheefficacyofindustryspecificandlocaleconomicdevelopment
policiesshouldteaseoutthetemporalandgeographicalscalesatwhichapolicy'sbenefitsshould
accruebeforeevaluatingthepolicy'sefficacy.
KEYWORDS:anchorfirms;industrialpolicy;videogames;localeconomicdevelopment
Debatedagronomy:PublicdiscourseandthefutureofbiotechnologypolicyinGhana
JosephA.Braimah,KilianN.Atuoye,SieraVercillo*,CarrieWarring,IsaacLuginaah
*Presenter:SieraVercillo,DoctoralCandidate,EnvironmentalHealthandHazardsLab,Department
ofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario
Abstract
Thispaperexaminesthehighlycontestedandongoingbiotechnology(Bt)policy-makingprocessin
Ghana.Weanalyzemediacontentusingpublicpolicymakingtheorytoexplainhowbiotechnology
isperceivedwithinthecontextofGhana’sparliamentarydebateaboutthePlantBreedersBill.This
51
paperdoesnotseektotakeapositiononBtortheBill,buttoexplainhowvariouspolicyactors
influenceparliamentarydebatebyusingpoliticalandscientificrhetoricinGhana.Thestudyreveals
thatinthemidstofscientificuncertaintiesofBt’spotentialforsustainableagricultureproduction
andfoodsecurity,policydecisionsthatencourageitsfutureadoptionareheavilyinfluencedby
health,scientific,economic,environmental,andpoliticalfactorsdictatedbydifferentideologies,
valuesandnorms.WhilelocallypioneeredplantbreedingexistsintheGhanaianfoodchain,seeds
fromforeign,multinationalcorporationsarestronglyresistedbyanti-GMOcoalitions.
UnderstandingthecomplexandmessynatureofBtpolicymakingiscriticalforunderstandingthe
futureroleoftechnologyintheagriculturesectorinGhanaandacrosssub-SaharanAfrica.
Keywords:Biotechnology,geneticallymodifiedorganisms,publicpolicy,contentanalysis,
agriculture,Ghana
Thecommunity-basedhealthplanningandservicesandfacility-baseddeliveriesinthe
UpperWestRegionofGhana.
JosephA.Braimah1*,IsaacLuginaah1
1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,1151RichmondStreet,London,ON,
Canada,N6A5C2.
Abstract
Althoughfacility-baseddeliverieshavebeenwidelyrecommendedforthepreventionofboth
maternalandchildmortalitiesbytheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),women’sautonomyin
decidingtoutilisethesefacilitiesremainlowintheUpperWestRegion(UWR)ofGhana.Aspartofa
largerstudy,thispaperexaminestheroleofthecommunity-basedhealthplanningandservices
(CHPS)initiativeinpromotingwomen’sdecisionmakingautonomyinseekingfacility-based
deliveriesintheregion.ThestudydrawsfromfeministtheoryaswellasAndersenandDavidson
behaviouralmodelofhealthserviceutilisationtoexplorehowhealthinterventionpoliciesintersect
withsocial,culturalandeconomicfactorstoinfluencewomen’shealthcareaccess.Datadrawn
fromacrosssectionalsurvey(n=904)amongwomenwithabirthparityinthelastfiveyearswas
analysedusinglogisticregressiontechniques.Thefindingsshowthatwomeninurbannon-CHPS
(OR=2.771,p<0.01),urbanCHPS(OR=3.430,p<0.001)andruralCHPSzones(OR=1.846,p<0.01)weremorelikelytobeautonomousindecidingtodeliveratahealthfacilitycomparedtotheirrural
non-CHPScounterparts.Also,women’slevelofeducation,religionandmaritalstatusstrongly
predictedtheirdecisionmakingautonomytodeliveratthehealthfacility.WearguethattheCHPS
policyhassignificantlyenhancedwomen’sautonomytoseekfacilitybaseddeliveriesintheUWRof
Ghana.Thestudyconcludesbymakingsomerelevantpolicyrecommendationsincludingexpanding
theCHPSpolicyintheregion.
Keywords:Community-basedhealthplanningandservices,facility-baseddelivery,autonomy
ProductioninAlternativeAgriculture:Understandinglabouroncertifiedorganicfarmsin
Ontario,Canada
LucasBramberger([email protected]),Dr.EvanFraser([email protected])
UniversityofGuelph
*presenter
52
Keywords:Alternativeagriculture-Labour-Certifiedorganic-SeasonalAgriculturalWorkerProgram
Thisresearchaimstocalculatetheamountoflabourthroughcertifiedorganicagricultureinan
attempttoprovidevaluestoclaimsofmorelabourrequiredthroughalternativeagriculture
(Woodhouse,2010).Currentdatacomparestime,areaandyieldsrequiredtomeetthedietary
requirementsofthecityofGuelphintheproductionoftenderleafygreensonthreedifferentfarms
inOntariooperatingthroughintern/volunteerlabour,paidlabourandmigrantlabour.Further
reasoningisbasedinchallengingclaimsthatmigrantlabourisfivetimesthatofaregularworker
(Braun,2016).
Althoughnotfivetimesthelevelofproduction,calculationsfoundmigrantlabourproducesmost
servingsovertime.Usingthesecalculationswithexistingcensusdata,itwasfoundthatOntario-
basedlabourincertifiedorganicagriculturecouldnotmeetdailydemandsofvegetable
requirementsbutallagriculturallabour,evendowntotheWellingtonregioncould,intheory.These
findingsmaysuggestinquiryintobettercareandpolicythroughtheSeasonalAgriculturalWorker
Program.Fullseasonandfarm-wideproductionvaluesaretobecalculatednextaspartofthis
research.
WorksCited
Braun,W.(2016).Theluckystruggle.CanadianMennonite,20(14).Woodhouse,P.(2010).Beyondindustrialagriculture?Somequestionsaboutfarmsize,productivity
andsustainability.JournalofAgrarianChange,10(3),437–453.http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0366.2010.00278.x
Quantifyingtopographyatthelandscapelevelforlargereclamationprojects
CollinBrantonandDerekT.Robinson(GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof
Waterloo)
Theimportanceoftopographicfluctuationsonunderstandingnaturalphenomenaisthecentral
tenetoftheacademicfieldsofdigitalterrainanalysisandgeomorphometry.Wetlandecosystems
areanexcellentexampleofanaturalsystemthatreliesonthesurroundingtopographyand
surroundingvegetation.Wetlandshavebeenidentifiedbynaturalresourcemanagersandpolicy
makersasimportantecosystemsthatshouldbeprotectedandrestored1)duetothelargenumber
ofecosystemservicestheyprovideand2)becausetheyarestillexperiencingannuallossintotal
globalarea.Previousresearchonwetlandrestorationfocussedontheindividualwetlandbeing
restoredwithlittleattentiontointegratingthewetlandthebroaderlandscape.However,wetland
restorationprojectsneedtobefocussedonnotjusttheindividualsitesbutalsointegratinga
restoredwetlandbackintothesurroundingecologicallandscapeandreconnectingittothe
hydrologicnetwork.Restorationhasthegoalofreturningdegradedlandbacktoastableecosystem
thatisfunctionallysimilartothenaturalecosystemthatexistedbeforethedisturbanceoccurred,
whichisfundamentallydifferentfromreclamation,whichhasthegoalofimprovingdegradedland
tofacilitatefuturelanduse.Thepresentedresearchseekstoimproveourabilitytoreclaim
palustrinewetlandlandscapesbyquantifyingtopographiccharacteristicsacrossthelandscape
withinwhichthereclamationprojectissituated.Preliminaryresultsofthisresearchwillbe
presentedthatquantifytopographyacrossdifferentnaturalregionsalongagradientofdisturbance
inasampleof1km2landscapesinAlberta,Canada.
53
Keywords:TerrainAnalysis,Wetlands,Restoration,Landscape-scale
MeasuringtheEconomicImpactsofProtectedAreasonNearbyCommunities
CatharineBrazeau1
1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalScience,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3C5*PresentingAuthor:[email protected]
Keywords:conservation;governmentaccountability;sustainableeconomicdevelopment;regional
integration
OvertenpercentofCanadaispresentlyrecognizedasprotected,andthispercentageisexpectedto
growinupcomingyears.Despitethis,littleisknownabouttheeconomicimpactsCanadian
protectedareas(PAs)haveoncommunitiesneartheirboundaries.Thisknowledgegaprelatesin
parttothelimitedattentiondevotedtoinstrumentsforconductingcommunityconsultationsand
economicimpactassessmentspresentlyavailabletoPAmanagers.Theresearchpresentedinthis
paperexaminestheuseofmapsastoolsforPAmanagerstosimultaneouslyassesstheirimpacts
andreceivefeedbackfromtheirnearbystakeholders.27individualsfrommunicipalitiesbordering
RidingMountainNationalParkinSouthwesternManitobausedmapstoidentifyfeaturesthey
perceivedtoeconomicallyimpacttheirareaandwellbeing.Maps,incombinationwithsurveysand
interviews,allowedmostparticipantstogivedetailed,location-specificinformation.Withtheuse
ofmaps,participants’concernsandobservationswereimmediatelyrelatedtotheirgeographic
contexts.Thisdemonstratedthepotentialmappingholdsasadatacollectionmethod,bothinterms
ofeffectivenessandofcreatinghigherlevelsofunderstandingamongdataanalysts.Assuch,this
papercallsformapstobegivenfurtherconsiderationasstandardizedtoolswithwhichprotected
areaagenciesconductcommunityconsultations.
UsingKnowledgeExchangeStrategiestoEnhanceResearchImpact:LessonsLearnedfrom
theCOMPASSStudy
KristinM.Brown1;SusanJ.Elliott2;ScottT.Leatherdale1
1SchoolofPublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo2DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo
Knowledgeexchangestrategies,inwhichresearchersinteractwithendusers,provideonewayto
narrowthegapbetweenresearchandpractice.However,littleattentionhasbeenpaidto
evaluatingtheseinitiatives.COMPASSisalongitudinalstudyonstudenthealthbehavioursin
OntarioandAlbertasecondaryschools,whichincludesintegratedknowledgeexchangestrategies.
SchoolsreceiveacustomizedsummaryofresultsannuallyandarelinkedwithaCOMPASS
researcher(i.e.,knowledgebroker)tosupporttheminmakingchangestoimprovestudenthealth.
Knowledgebrokeringprovidesanopportunityforresearcherstounderstandwhatishappening
"ontheground"andforschoolstolearnaboutevidence-basedpractices.
ThisresearchexploredCOMPASSresearchers'perspectivesregardingtheroleandcharacteristics
ofeffectiveknowledgebrokers,outcomesofknowledgebrokering,andlessonslearned.Semi-
54
structuredinterviewswithCOMPASSresearchers(n=13)wereaudiorecorded(withpermission)
andtranscribedverbatimforsubsequentthematicanalysisusingNVivo.
TheroleofCOMPASSknowledgebrokersincludedsuggestingideasforschoolhealthinterventions,
connectingschoolstocommunityagencies,providingresourcesandopportunities,andenhancing
understandingofstudyfindings.Researchersemphasizedtheimportanceoftransferableskills(e.g.,
effectivecommunication),personalitytraits(e.g.,approachabilityandpatience),subjectknowledge,
andresearchskillsforeffectivepractice.Knowledgebrokeringhadpositiveimpactsonthe
Compassstudy,individualresearchers,andschools.Thispresentationwillhelpresearchers
understandhowtheycanuseknowledgeexchangestrategiestoincreaseresearchimpactby
applyinglessonslearnedfromtheCOMPASSstudy.
Keywords:knowledgetranslation,researchimpact,schoolhealth,qualitativemethods
HeadphonesandUrbanSpace:BuildingSoundscapesofResistance
Brown,S.andDean,J.(SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo)
Formanyurbanpedestrians,headphonesareatoolfortransformation,usingmobileaudio
to remake the repetitious nature of daily routines and patterns of travel. Beyond the obvious
enjoymentofpersonalmusicthatthisbehaviourallows,thispaperconceptualizesheadphonesasa
safetymeasureforincreasingwomen’ssenseofsecurityincities.Inthispresentation,anewareaof
theoreticaldiscourseispresentedonheadphonesasaspaceofresistanceinunsafeenvironments.
This area of inquiry is inspired by the work of feminist writer and activist, bell hooks, who
demonstratesthepowerofwomentotransformtheirenvironmentthroughactionandperception
inordertoresistoppressionanddiscrimination.Alongwiththeworkonurbanheadphoneuseby
MichaelBull,thispresentationconsidersheadphonesatoolforresistanceforwomenwhosonically
close themselves off to create a protective barrier to unwanted attention and communication in
urban environments. While headphones have in part been viewed as destructive to public
experiencesofspaceandtooverallsocialcohesiveness,thisalternativereadingsuggeststhatthey
canalsobeanempoweringsiteofresistanceforsome.Adiscussiononurbanspacesofexclusion
and resistance for women is followed by areas for future research in the study of women’s
headphoneuseincities.
Keywords:urbansoundscapes,mobileaudio,women’surbansafety,inclusivecities
TheRoleofVascularPlantsinN2OEmissionsfromRestoredPeatlands
MartinE.Brummell(1),CristinaLazcano(2),MariaStrack(1)
(1)UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON
(2)CaliforniaPolytechnicStateUniversity,SanLuisObispo,CA
Keywords:RestorationEcology,Peatlands,NitrousOxide
Restorationofextractedhorticulturalpeatlandscommonlyincludesdistributionofvegetationand
propagulesfromnearbyundisturbedsitesovertherecently-exposedsurface.Theresultinggrowth
55
includesbothmossesandvascularplants,whichareimportantcontributorstoreturningapeatland
toanetcarbon-storingecosystem.TheroleofN2Ohasnotbeenwidelyinvestigatedinthese
restoredecosystems.HereweexaminetheeffectonnetN2Oemissionsfromgroundtoatmosphere
ofvascularplantsrelativetonon-vascularcoverusingcottongrass,Eriophorumvaginatumatapeatlandrestoredinlate2012andanadjacentunrestoredpeatland.Wehypothesizethatbelow-
groundmicrobialactivitywouldbestimulatedbytherootsofE.vaginatumleadingtoincreasedN2Oemissionscomparedtoareaswithonlymossorbarepeat.However,afteranearly-summer
pulseofemittedN2O,studyplotscontainingE.vaginatumtransitionedtonetconsumersofN2Owhilebareplotsremainedsourcesasthesummerprogressed.Furthermore,E.vaginatumgrowinginthewettestpartsofthestudysitesalsohadsignificantlymoreextractablenitrogeninporewater
collectedfrom75cmbelowthesurface,beyondthedepthofmostroots.Wesuggestthepriming
effectdrivenbytherootsofthisvascularplant,combinedwithhighwaterlevels,freessome
nitrogenfrompreviously-inaccessiblerecalcitrantorganicmatterthatthenescapesfurther
microbialdecompositiontoN2Ooritsinorganicprecursorsandmigratesdowntoregionswith
limitedmicrobialactivity.
“RaisingSocialCapitalforGreenInfrastructure:TheRoleofCivilSocietyinGreenspace
ProtectionintheTorontoRegion”
ByWendyBurton
PhDGraduand(degreetobeconferredNov.7,2016)
UniversityofToronto
Civilsociety’spotentialasaforceforsocialinnovationhasprovokedpracticalandtheoretical
interest,withitspotentiallargelyreliantontheperceptionthatitisareadyifvariablesourceof
socialcapitalresources.However,therearenoguaranteesthatcivilsocietywilluseitssocialcapital
forthecommongood.Civilsocietyencompassesarangeofgroups,somemoreinward-looking,
othersmoreoutward-looking,withthemoreinward-lookinggroupsorientedtorent-seekingand
unlikelytohelpexpandpublicgoodslikegreeninfrastructure.Thisdivergentcharacterofcivil
societywasevidentinthethreecampaignsforgreenspaceprotectionthateventuallyledtothe
creationoftheTorontoregionGreenbelt,wherecivilsocietygroupsfrombothgrowthand
conservationcampscontendedforinfluence,eachsucceedingatdifferenttimes.Butovertime(a
timewhenstateactorswereincreasinglyinneedofnon-statepartnerstohelpsolvecomplex
governanceproblems),coalitionsofenvironmentalcivilsocietygroupsinthethreecampaigns–to
protecttheNiagaraEscarpment,OakRidgesMoraineandsurroundingcountryside–becamemore
effectiveatinfluencinggovernmenttoprotectgreenspace.Acomparisonofthecoalitionsusinga
frameworkbasedonkeyattributesofcivilsocietygroups–inclusivenessandpublicvs.private
interestorientation–suggeststhattheenvironmentalcoalitionsweremoreeffectivewhenthey
recruitedmorememberswithadiversesetofresourcesarisingfrombothbondingandbridging
socialcapital.Ingeneral,themoreinclusiveandpublic-interestedthecivilsocietygroups,themore
sociallyinnovativetheresults.
Keywords:greenspaceprotection,civilsociety,socialcapital,environmentalgovernance
Migration,HealthandTemporaryForeignWorkers:ExaminingHealthandAccesstoHealth
CareamongFilipinaLive-inCaregiversintheGreaterTorontoArea,Ontario,Canada
JessicaCarlos1,KathiWilson1
1.DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofTorontoMississauga
56
Immigrantsaccountfor20percentofCanada’stotalpopulationwithapproximately250,000
individualsimmigratingtoCanadayearly(StatisticsCanada,2015).IndividualsmigratetoCanada
undervariouscategorieswiththemajorityofimmigrantsmigratingundertheeconomicclass.The
Live-inCaregiverProgram(LCP),enactedin1992,isoneofseveralprogramsundertheeconomic
classofimmigration.Despitetherebeingover80,000caregiverslivinginCanada,littletono
researchhasexaminedthehealthexperiencesofthissegmentoftheimmigrantpopulation(Kellyet
al.,2011).Inaddition,90percentoflive-incaregiversarewomenwhohavemigratedfromthe
Philippinesyetweknowlittleabouttheirmigrationandhealthexperiences.Toaddressthisgapin
theliterature,thisresearchexamineshowtheLCPaffectsthehealthofimmigrantFilipina
caregivers.Twenty-onein-depthinterviewswereconductedamongcurrentandformerFilipina
caregiversintheGreaterTorontoArea.Thepresentationwillfocusonperceivedimpactsofwork
conditionsassociatedwiththeLCPonhealthandaccesstohealthservices.Thefindings
demonstratedifferencesinperceivedimpactsonhealthandaccesstocarebetweenparticipants
caringforchildrenandthosecaringfortheelderly.Further,theresultsalsodemonstratehow
workingasalive-incaregivermostlyhasanegativeimpactonphysicalandmentalhealthaswellas
facilitatesandcreatesbarrierstoaccessinghealthcareservices.
Keywords:immigration,health,live-incaregivers,Filipina
Integratedcommunity-baseddisasterriskreductionapproachtofloodriskmanagement:a
goodpracticeprojectinAyutthaya,Thailand
Chakraborty,L.(DoctoralStudent,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,
UniversityofWaterloo)
Amonghumangeographers,enhancingresilienceandreducingvulnerabilityaretwocommon
rationalesforlinkingclimatechangeadaptationanddisasterriskreduction.Recently,severalAsian
governmentshavesoughttogroundthisidealinpracticethroughan‘integratedcommunity-based
disasterriskreduction(ICBDRR)’approach.Basedonafundamentalprincipleof“bottom-up
governance”,theICBDRRapproachfacilitateseffectiveuseoflocalresourcesandcapacitiesto
betterpreparecommunitiesfordisasters,andtoreducetheirdisastervulnerability.Thispaper
investigatesthepotentialforlinkingclimatechangeadaptationanddisasterriskreductioninthe
contextoffloodriskmanagement,drawinglessonsfromintegratedcommunity-basedfloodrisk
reductioninAyutthaya,Thailand.ItdescribesthekeyinstrumentsofAyutthaya’sICBDRRapproach
forfloodriskreduction,includingacommunity-basedfloodearlywarningnetwork;thecreation
anddisseminationofcommunityfloodmapsandpreparednessmanuals;communicationof
knowledgeoffloodriskatthelocalleveltobuildcommunityawareness;collaborativegovernance;
andparticipatorymonitoringandevaluation.Thefindingsofthepapersuggestthattheintegration
ofclimatechangeadaptationanddisasterriskreductiontoagreaterextentinpracticeisnecessary
tosupportsustainabledevelopmentinAsia.
Keywords:climatechangeadaptation,disasterriskreduction,floodriskmanagement,resilience
CultureShockintheField:OvercomingFeelingsofIsolationinanUnfamiliarCultural
Environment
Author:CherylChan
Cultureshockisatheorythatdescribesthestagesofadaptingtoanunfamiliarcultural
environment.Societieshavenorms(i.e.,informalguidelines)thatdictatethebehaviourofits
members.Withincommunities,thesenormsinformsocial,cultural,andpoliticalinteractions.A
graduatestudentconductingresearchincommunitiesoutsideoftheirowncanbeunfamiliarwith
57
thecommunitydynamicsintheirnewsetting,andthusstruggletoadapttothesurrounding
culturalenvironment.Difficultiesadaptingandtheassociatedfeelingsofisolationandfrustration
arenormalsymptomsofcultureshock,buttheresearchermaynotanticipatethesefeelings.When
compoundedwiththeday-to-daychallengesoflivingandworkinginanewenvironment,the
researchercanbecomedisillusioned,emotionallyvulnerable,andunmotivated.Thesearethe
feelingsthatIexperiencedwhenIconductedmyfieldworkinBluefields,Jamaica,whereIstudied
thesocialandecologicalimpactsofanewlyimplementedmarineprotectedareaonsurrounding
communities.ThispaperwillsharetheunexpectedchallengesandassociatedfeelingsthatI
encounteredwhileinthefield,andexaminethestrategiesthatIusedtocopewithandadaptto
thesechallenges.
SmallTownsinTransition:AnExploratoryStudyinCollingwood,Ontario
Authors:ShaChangandSanjayK.Nepal,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmental
Management,UniversityofWaterloo
Keywords:smalltowns,economicandsocialtransitions,amenitymigration,Collingwood,Ontario
Abstract
Amenity-richtownsinOntarioareexperiencingsocialandeconomictransitions,dueinpartto
globalshiftsinproductionandconsumptionpatterns.Theeconomicandsocialtransitionsexert
dramaticinfluencesonlocalcommunities’qualityoflife,socialnetworks,economicdependency,
andotheraspectsofsmalltownliving.Manysmalltownswhichhaveseendramaticdeclineintheir
traditionaleconomicbases(e.g.,agriculture,fishing,forestry,mining,manufacturing,etc.)have
consideredtransitioningtoaservice-orientedeconomy(Mitchell&Randle,2014;Nepal&Jamal,
2011).
ThisstudyexamineshowCollingwoodinOntarioisexperiencingeconomicandsocialtransitionsas
itseconomyshiftsfromitstraditionalbasedependentonconstruction(shipbuilding)and
transportationtoonethatisgraduallyorientedtowardrecreation,tourismandotherservices
(health,retirementresidences,publicsectoremployment).Weemployacasestudymethodologyto
understandchangingeconomicandsocialdynamicspresentinCollingwood,andanalyzeif
economicandsocialtransitionsareinterlinked.Thecontentofthispresentationwillincludean
integrationofthemesincludingsmalltownchange,amenitymigrantsandsecondhomerelated
influences,andcommodificationofnaturalandculturalheritage.Applyingquantitativeand
qualitativemethods,andbasedontwomonthsoffieldworkconductedbetweenJulyandAugust,
2016bythefirst-namedauthor,preliminaryresultsofthestudywillbepresentedtoexplorethe
maintrendsandpatternsfoundinCollingwood.
References
Mitchell,C.J.A.,&Randle,K.(2014).Heritagepreservationandthe“differentiatedcountryside”:
EvidencefromsouthernOntario.TheCanadianGeographer/LeGéographeCanadien,58(4),429-442.doi:10.1111/cag.12131
Nepal,S.K.,&Jamal,T.B.(2011).Resort-inducedchangesinsmallmountaincommunitiesinBritish
Columbia,Canada.MountainResearchandDevelopment,31(2),89-101.doi:10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00095.1
ChangeDetectionfromLandsat:2004IndonesianTsunami
MarissaI.ChaseandTarmoK.Remmel
58
N430RossBuilding,DepartmentofGeography,YorkUniversity,4700KeeleStreet,Toronto,
Ontario,M3J1P3
Abstract
Studyingtheeffectsofanaturaldisastercanposechallengesifaccesstopotentiallydangerous
locationsisrequired.Availabilityofsatelliteimageryfromavarietyofperiodsandthatrecorda
breadthofspectraldatahavethepotentialtoaidtheremotedetectionofchangescausedby
extremeeventswhilemitigatingrisksinvolvedwithvisitingimpactedsites.Remotestudycan
improvethedeliveryofaidandquantifythechangestoaffectedlandscapes.Weundertookusing
Landsat5imagestoassesslandscapechangesresultingfromthe2004tsunamiintheAceh
provinceofIndonesia.UnsupervisedclassificationsofbothimageswerecompletedusingISODATA
analysistoassignpixelsintospectralsimilaritycategoriesandthenaggregatedintooneofeight
landcoverclasses.Apost-classificationchangedetectionwasperformedtoanalyzechanges
betweenthetwoimagesthatprovidedcross-tabulationoflandcoverchangesandpersistence
between21December2004and27March2005.Differenceswerefoundintheurbanandbare
groundclassesbetweenthetwodates,withadecreaseintheurbanclassfrom496km2tolessthan
240km2,andanincreaseinbaregroundfrom501km2to628km2.Therewerealsochangesto
vegetatedlandcover,with4%ofhealthyvegetationand9%ofsparsevegetationconvertedtobare
ground.Thesechangesweremappedtoproduceaspatialrepresentationoflandcoverchange.
Whilethisinitialinvestigationidentifiesregionsoflandcoverchangeandpersistence;resultsare
indicatorsonlygiventhelackofgroundvalidation.
Keywords
Tsunami,ChangeDetection,RemoteSensing,LandCover
The(re)productionofnatureonnaturalresourcebasedrealitytelevision
By:KendalClark,JenniferJ.Silver,andRobertaHawkins(DepartmentofGeography,Universityof
Guelph,Canada)
Thetelevisionisapowerfulmediumthroughwhichmessagesfocusedonnatureandthe
environmentareproducedandconsumed.Inthelasttenyears,seriesfocusedonprimarysector
activitiessuchasfishing(e.g.,DeadliestCatch),mining(e.g.,YukonGold),andforestry(e.g.,
AmericanLoggers)havebeenratingshitsfortelevisionnetworksDiscoveryandTheNational
GeographicChannel.Understandingwhatimagesandmessagesaboutnaturetheseseriesconvey,andhowandwhytheydosoispressing.Sotooisbuildingappreciationforwhateffectsthe(re)productionofnaturethroughrealitytelevisionmayhaveovertime.
Thispaperexaminesnaturalresourcebasedrealitytelevisionasanewiterationinthe
(re)productionofnatureontelevisionandcriticallyanalyzeshowthisgenremediateshuman-
environmentrelations.Asampleof100episodesacrossatotalof15differentseriesthatairedon
DiscoveryChannel,orTheNationalGeographicChannelbetween2005-2016werecritically
analyzed.Incombinationwithdatacollectedthroughtheexecutionoftwofocusgroups,this
discourseanalysisrevealsthatmasculinities,nationalism,andthecommodificationofnatureare
prominentthemesthatintersecttomediatehuman-environmentrelations.Thisresearchhighlights
theneedformorecriticalanalysisoftheeffectsthattheproliferationofnatureresourcedbased
realitytelevisionhasonpublicnarrativessurroundinghuman-environmentrelations.
Keywords:Human-environment;MediaGeographies;Television;Gender
59
ConsultantsandConvergenceofEconomicDevelopmentPolicyinOntario,Canada
EvanCleave,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario
MerlinChetwood,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario
GodwinArku,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario
Overthepasttwodecades,localgovernmentshaveincreasinglyoutsourcingpolicyadvisoryand
developmenttoprivate-sectorconsultants.Thecommonrefrainfortheuseofconsultantsisthat
theyfillgapsintheknowledge,skill,andcapacitymissingwithinlocalgovernments.Theuseof
consultants,however,hasbeencriticizedpromotingpolicyhomogenizationandpromotingfast
policysolutions.Thiscriticismisparticularlyrelevantinlocaleconomicdevelopmentpolicymaking,
whereunique,place-basedsolutionsrequirein-depthlocalknowledgeareneeded.Tounderstand
theroleofconsultantsineconomicdevelopment,thisstudycriticallyexaminedthedesignand
contentoftheprimaryeconomicdevelopmentpolicydocumentsfor41citiesintheProvinceof
Ontario(tencitiescurrentlydonothaveapolicydocument).Thefindingsofthisstudyindicatethat
consultantsareheavilyused,astheywereinvolvedwiththedevelopmentoftwo-thirds(26/41)of
thepolicydocumentsexamined.Thereisanoligarchicpatternofconsultantuse,asahandfulof
consultantswereresponsibleforthe26documents.Fromaqualitativeperspective,thisledto
policydocumentsthatweresimilarinstyle,scope,andreusedspecificlanguage.Fromapolicy
perspective,thishasledtoaconvergenceofpolicyasthedocumentsrecommendcitiescontinually
usethesameapproaches.Localeconomicdevelopmentrequiresspecificplace-basedknowledgeto
tailorpolicycorrectly,andtheconstantuseofexternalconsultantsiscounter-productiveastheydo
notprovidepolicythatcandifferentiateonecityfromitscompetitors.
Keywords:Policy,Consultants,LocalEconomicDevelopment,Cities
Title:Energy,waterandcarbonfluxesfromaconstructedborealwetland
Authors:
Clark,M.Graham(Presenter),CarletonUniversity
Humphreys,Elyn,CarletonUniversity
Cary,Sean,McMasterUniversity
Abstract:
TheSandhillFenWatershedprojectisapilotstudyinvolvingtheconstructionofa50hamixed
upland(forested)andlowland(wetland)watershedontopofaninfilledopenpitmineinnorthern
Alberta.Theprojectisoneofthefirstlargescaleattemptsinconstructingaborealwetland.The
physicalconstructionwascompletedin2012withtheinitialre-vegetativeseedingandplanting
occurringinthesameyear.In2013pumpswereusedtosimulategroundwaterthrough-flowand
in2014and2015thepumpsweredisengagedtoallowthesystemtonaturally
respond.Throughoutthisperiodthevegetationhasdevelopedasubstantialcoveroverthe
60
reclaimedsoilandpeat.Aneddycovariancesystemwasusedtocalculatetheecosystemlevel
fluxesoverthethreeyearssincewetting.In2013therewasanetlossofcarbonfromthelowland
regionsbutby2014thecarbonbalancewasalmostneutralandin2015itwasanet
gain.Evapotranspirationfromtheecosystemalsoincreasedoverthesameperiod.However,
methaneproductioncontinuestobewellbelowwhatwouldbeexpectedforcontinuouslysaturated
organicsubstrates.PRSprobesandchambergasmeasurementsshowatrendofincreasing
methanefluxeswithincreasingmetalionfluxesanddecreasingfluxesofsulphateinthecontinually
submergedregions.Therefore,itislikelythatnaturallyoccurringhighlevelsofsulphatewithinthe
substratesaresuppressingthemethanefluxesinthisnovelboreallowlandecosystem.
Ethno-CulturalOrganizationsandLocalImmigrationPartnerships:AMatchMadeinHeaven?
ACaseStudyfromDurhamRegion,Ontario
BlairCullen.
(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity)
Ethno-culturalorganizationsareafundamentalpartofthenewcomersettlementprocess.
Socially,culturally,economicallyandpolitically,theirrolehasbeenwelldocumented.Whatisless
knownaboutethno-culturalorganizationsistheirroleinlocalsettlementpolicy.Toacertain
extent,thisisunderstandable.Historically,Immigration,RefugeesandCitizenshipCanada(IRCC),
haslackedanytypeofformalsettlementpolicy,leavinghaphazardlocalframeworksandlittle
opportunitytoexploreethno-culturalorganization’splace.Introducedin2008,aspartofthe
Canada-OntarioImmigrationAgreement,LocalImmigrationPartnerships(LIPs)areIRCC’sfirstattemptatcoordinatedlocalsettlementpolicy,settinganewdirectionbyrestructuringlocal
settlementmodels.Objectivesweredesignedtoexamineethno-culturalorganizationsrelationship
withLIPs,inthecontextofDurhamRegion’sLIP,basedoninterviewswith52keyinformantsin
eightsectorsinvolvedinimmigrantsettlement.Resultsfromthecasestudyrevealedethno-cultural
organizationstohaveamongtheleastdevelopedrelationshipswithDurham’sLIP.Consideringthe
LIPsmandateofsettlement,thisseemslikeanoversight.However,acloserexaminationsuggests,
thismaysimplybetheoutcomeofaplace-basedpolicy,inapolicyareawherealong-standing
policy-vacuumhascreatedahighlylocalizedsettlementmodel.Withmuchoftheliterature
centeredonethno-culturalorganizationsasitrelatestospecificethniccommunitiesandprimarily
basedinfirst-tiercities,theresearchseekstoshifttheunitandplaceofanalysis,whilecontributing
toalimitedempiricalunderstandingofLIPsimpact.
Keywords:Place,Second-TierCities,Immigration,LocalSettlementPolicy
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Titleofpaper:GlobalMigrationandChronicInflammatoryDiseases:ExaminingHealth
LiteracyamongSouthAsianPopulations
Authors:
Dr.IvyDam
PostdoctoralFellow
DepartmentofGeography
UniversityofTorontoMississauga
T:+1(647)503-2706
GurveerBains
DoctorofPhilosophyStudent
DepartmentofGeography
UniversityofTorontoMississauga
62
Dr.KathiWilson
ProfessorandChair
DepartmentofGeography
UniversityofTorontoMississauga
T:+1(905)828-3864
F:+1(905)828-5273
Globalmigrationofhumanpopulationsisoccurringatanunprecedentedratethroughoutthe
world,yetwedonotfullyunderstandhowmigrationimpactshealthanddiseasedevelopment.In
particular,theeffectofhumanmigrationpatternsontheincidencesofchronicinflammatory
disease(CID)isnotwellappreciated.ResearchhasshownthatchildrenofSouthAsianmigrants
bornandlivinginCanadaandother‘Western’countrieshaveasignificant,yetunexplainedincrease
intheriskofdevelopingaCID,especiallytype1diabetes,multiplesclerosis,andinflammatory
boweldisease.WhiletheSouthAsiancommunityrepresentsasignificantandgrowingpopulation
intheGreaterTorontoArea(GTA),totalingapproximately700,000individuals,understandingsof
healthliteracy,healthbeliefs,health-seekingbehaviours,andhealthcareneedswithinthis
communityarestillnotwellunderstood.Thisresearchexamineshealthliteracyandaccessto
healthcareservicesamong1stand2ndgenerationSouthAsianCanadianslivingintheGTA,who
haveandhavenotbeenaffectedbyCIDs.In-depthinterviewswereconductedwith21individuals
whomigratedfromSouthAsiaand44individualsborninCanadatoaSouthAsian-bornparent.The
interviewsrevealthatmostparticipantsarenotfamiliarwithCIDs,intermsoftheirawarenessand
knowledgeofdefinitions,examplesofdiseases,andfamilyandfriendswhohavebeenaffectedby
CIDs.Themajorityperceivethatincreasedprevalencemayberelatedtochangeindiet,physical
environment,genetics,andstress.
Keywords:healthliteracy,SouthAsianCanadianimmigrants;chronicinflammatorydisease;
migration
Thetitleofthepaper:
Theimportanceofsoilpropertiesfortreeseedlinggrowthandsurvivalbeyondalpinetreelines
Thename(s)andaffiliation(s)oftheauthor(s):
EmmaL.Davis1,Dr.Ze’evGedalof1,Dr.HeatherHager2
1UniversityofGuelph,DepartmentofGeography
2UniversityofGuelph,DepartmentofIntegrativeBiology
A250-word(maximum)abstract:
63
Climatechangeiscausingsignificantchangestospeciesdistributionsworldwide.Plantsgrowingat
theedgesoftheirexistingrangelimitsareexpectedtobeparticularlysensitivetochangesin
temperatureandprecipitationregimes;however,theimportanceofnon-climaticfactorsas
constraintstorangeexpansionsisincreasinglybeingrecognized.Thisstudypresentstheresultsof
agrowthchamberandglasshouseexperimentthatassessedtheeffectsofsoilprovenanceontree
seedlinggermination,growth,andsurvival.SeedsofEngelmannspruce(Piceaengelmannii)andsubalpinefir(abieslasiocarpa)weresowninsoilcollectedacrossfourtreelineenvironmentsinwesternCanadaandgrowninagrowthchamberfor90days.Bycontrollingseedsourceand
climaticconditions,weareabletoattributedifferencesinseedlingperformancetosoilproperties
thatdifferacrosselevationzonesandindividualtreelinesites.Ourresultsindicatethatsoil
provenancecanactasaconstrainttotreeseedlinggerminationandheight;soilsoriginatingfrom
beyondthespecies’rangeweretheleastamenabletoseedlinggrowthoverall.Thefindingsofour
researchindicatethatpredictionsoffuturetreespecies’distributionsunderclimatechange
scenariosshouldincorporatenon-climaticfactorsthatmaylimittreerecruitmentbeyondcurrent
species’ranges.
Upto4keywords
Soil,trees,alpineenvironments
ExploringtheresilienceofhouseholdsintheAmazonestuary;anagentbasedsimulation.
PeterDeadman
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
UniversityofWaterloo
Waterloo,ON,N2L3G1
YueDou,
CenterforSystemsIntegrationandSustainability
MichiganStateUniversity
EastLansing,MI48823,USA
Abstract
Rural-UrbannetworksarebecomingincreasinglyimportantintheAmazonestuary.Rural
householdsinthisregionarefrequentlymulti-sited,maintainingadwellingbothatthefarmandin
anearbycity.Thesenetworksfacilitatethemovementofpeoplebackandforthbetweenthefarm
andthecityforthepurposesofeducation,movinggoodstomarket,participatingingovernment
financialprograms,orparticipatinginurbanoff-farmemployment.Non-farmincomehasbecome
animportantcomponentofhouseholdlivelihoodsinthisregion.However,migrationtourbanareas
canalsoresultinareducedlabourforceinagriculturalareas,withassociatedreductionsinfood
securityandtraditionalagriculturalknowledge.Thisstudyutilizesanagentbasedmodeltoexplore
theimpactofurbanoff-farmactivitiesontheresilienceofagriculturalcommunitiesinthefaceof
changingenvironmentalandeconomicconditions.Anagentbasedsimulation,parameterizedwith
datafromahouseholdsurveyconductedintheregion,isutilizedtoexploreanumberofscenarios
inwhichtheresilienceofruralagriculturalcommunitiesisevaluatedinthefaceofexternalshocks.
Thesehousehold’sactivities,bothonthefarmandinthecity,determinehowtheyrespondtothese
shocks.Thecontributionofurbanactivitiessuchaseducation,employment,andgovernmentcash
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transferprogramstotheresponseandresilienceofthesemulti-sitedhouseholdsisexaminedand
discussed.
Thinkingrelationallyaboutbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivity:Astudyofadult
walkingbehaviorinWaterloo,Ontario
JenniferDean,PhD(SchoolofPlanning,UW);MichaelDrescher;JeffCasello;AnnaGarnett;and
TroyGlover
Therelationshipbetweenbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivitylevelshasconstitutedarapidly
emergingfieldofresearchinthepasttwodecades.Ofnoteistheconsistentfindingthat
neighbourhoodwalkabilityispositivelycorrelatedwithutilitarianandrecreationalphysical
activitypatterns.Indeed,academicsandpractitionersalikehaveemphasizedtheimperativeof
designingenvironmentsthatareconducivetoactivetransportation.However,muchoftheworkin
thisareahasapproachedtherelationshipbetweenbuiltformandphysicalactivityfroma
deterministicperspectivethatpredominantlyfocusesonobjectively-definedneighbourhood
characteristicsandsingulartime-spacepatterns.Usingamixed-methodscasestudydesign,this
researchexaminedtheactivitypatternsandexperiencesofwalkingamongadultsinWaterloo,
Ontario.Thefindingssuggestthatthedecisiontowalk,andthespecifictravelroutechosenare
influencedbybothobjectiveandsubjectiveneighbourhoodcharacteristics.Further,thesetravel
choicesaredependentonchangingtemporalandspatialconstraintsofparticipantsandchallenge
thedominantrationalchoiceexplanationdescribedintheliterature.Thispresentationconcludes
withtherecommendationthatfutureresearchandpolicyutilizearelationalperspectivewhen
consideringtherelationshipbetweenbuiltenvironmentsandphysicalactivity.Suchaperspective
willbettercapturethedynamicsbetweenpeopleandplace,andultimatelyguidepractitionerson
howtodesignbuiltenvironmentsthataccommodatetherealitiesofhumanactivityingeneraland
walkingbehaviorinparticular.
Keywords:builtenvironment;activetransportation;socialtheory;mixed-methods
“Rundownbythewolf:exploringtherelationshipbetweengenderandeconomicmarginalizationforCanadianswithSystemicLupusErythematosus(SLE)”JennaDixon*1,SusanJ.Elliott1&AnnE.Clarke2
1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo
2CummingSchoolofMedicine,UniversityofCalgary
*Correspondingauthor:[email protected]
Thispapercontributestothenascentbutgrowingbodyofworkwithinhealthgeography
investigatingthesocial,andspecificallygendered,dimensionsofchronicdisease.Systemiclupus
erythematosus(SLE)isachronicautoimmunediseasewhichdisproportionatelyimpactsyoung
(15-40years),non-whitewomen.SLEhasnoknowncauseorcure,anddiagnosisisoftenadifficult
anddrawn-outprocess.Thereisawideexpressionoflong-termmorbiditywithSLEbutthedisease
usuallymanifestswithseverefatigue,debilitatingpainandperiodicflares,makingparticipationin
thepaidworkforceextremelychallenging.Weconductedsemistructuredin-depthinterviewswith
65
8Canadiankeyinformantsand28CanadianSLEpatients(26women)toimproveunderstandingof
thedirectandindirectcostsassociatedwithSLE.Thispresentationexplorestheeconomic
implicationsofthischronicdiseasethroughagenderedlens.Ourfindingsrevealtheearlyandyet
ambiguousmanifestationofthediseasesignificantlyreroutedthecourseofparticipants’economic
livelihoods,oftentopart-timeprecariousemploymentandinsomecasestoleavetheworkforceall
together.Theseeconomicandhealthimpactswerefurthercompoundedbyalackofhealthbenefits
andpoorprovincialhealthcoverageforpreventativecare,leadingtoadditionalout-of-pocket
expenses.Whilemanyparticipantsreflectedthattherewaslittletheiremployerscouldhavedone
tofurtheraccommodatetheirneeds,wearguethattherearestructuralchallengeswithinCanada
whicheconomicallymarginalizewomenwithSLEandimpactaccesstoresourcesforpromoting
healthylifestylesanddiseasemanagement.
Keywords:ChronicDisease,Gender,Marginalization,Economicinequity
ModellingUrbanSnowMeltinWaterloo,Ontario
PaulDonchenkoandRichardKelly
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
UniversityofWaterloo
Understandingtheprocessesofurbansnowmeltiscriticalforcitywaterresourcesplanning,
especiallywhenitcanberesponsibleforflooding(Buttle&Xu,1998)andtransportofpollutants
intowaterbodies(KimandKannan,2007).ThisresearchadaptstheUrbanSnowModel(USM)
developedbyHoandValeo(2004)tosimulatesnowmeltrunofffromvariousnatural
environmentalfactors,aswellashumaninteractionslikesnowredistribution.Themodelwas
adaptedfortheClaireCreekcatchmentinWaterlootopredicthourlyrunoffforafourdayperiodin
January2015.Initial,uncalibratedmodelrunsproducedlargeerrorscomparedwiththeobserved
runoff.Nash-Sutcliffeefficiencyandrootmeansquarederrormetricswereusedtooptimizethe
model,particularlythroughaphasescalingapproach.Theadjustedresultsshowedimprovements
butcouldnotpredicteventsoutsidethefirst80hoursofthestudyperiod;runofftimingcouldbe
predictedaccuratelybutpeakflowandtotaleventvolumehadsignificanterror.Themodel'ssnow
redistributionoperationswerefoundtohavethegreatestimpactonrunoffresultsandwere
necessarytoproducethesametemporalvariabilityfoundinobservedrunoff.Withoutfurtherre-
calibration,themodelisinfeasibleforsimulatingrunoffintheClaireCreekcatchment,whichis
verydifferentincharactercomparedwiththeoriginalstudysite.Futureworkshouldreducethe
catchmentsizeandinstalllocalinstrumentation.Furthermore,themodelshouldbesubjectedtoa
fullsensitivityanalysisandexploregeospatialtechniquestomodelwaterflowpathsandtimings
throughthecatchment.
Keywords:urban,snowmelt,modelling,hydrology
Thebeststrategytocopewithcroppriceshock—acasestudyusingagent-basedmodel
YueDou(Presenter),PeterDeadman,MartaBerbes,DerekRobinson,DawnParker-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:Increasingrisksfromclimatechange,economicrecession,andpoliticalinsatiabilityfaced
bymanyoftheworld’smostpoorandvulnerablepopulations,haveledscientistsanddecision
makersinrecentyearstoinvestigatetheconceptof“resilience”thustoguidepolicymaking.
66
CaboclosaresmallfarminghouseholdsintheBrazilianAmazonestuaryregionwhohavebeen
facingtheincreasingextremeclimaticeventsinextentandfrequencyoverrecentdecades.These
climaticthreats,alongwithmarketoscillations,makeiturgentforscientiststoevaluatestrategies
toenhanceCaboclos’resiliencetodealwiththefuturerisks.Agent-basedmodeling(ABM)isa
widelyusedtooltoexplorethedynamicsofcoupledhuman-environmentsystems.Thisstudy
utilizesanagent-basedmodeltorepresentacommunityof21householdsinatheoretical
landscapewithuplandandfloodplain.Ashockthatrepresentsthesuddenpricedropofacash
commodityAcai(aberrythathasbeenlabeledas“energyfood”intheNorthAmerica)isfedtothe
model,andthreelivelihoodstrategiesaresimulatedtodemonstratethedifferentresponsestothe
shock.Wefollowthe“developmentresilience”concept,whichisthecapacitytoavoidpovertywhen
therearedifferentshocks,toframeouranalysisandtoevaluatethemostresilientstrategy.Our
resultscanbeusedtoguidesmallholdersinAmazondeltaandothersimilarregionstoadoptthe
mostresilientstrategiesforenvironmentalandmarketuncertainties
ProductionLogicofWell-Being:ConsideringtheNon-EconomicFactorsofAgritourism
ProductioninSouthernOntario
By:SusanDupej,WesternUniversity
Thepurposeofthispresentationistopresentresearchfindingsfromastudythatinvestigated
agritourismproductioninSouthernOntarioasaculturallyinformedprocessconcernedwithhome
andfamily,individualutility,self-worth,andwell-beingforthefarmer.Agritourismiswell-known
asaneconomicdiversificationstrategybutneedstobebetterunderstoodasaculturalpractice
involvingthesocialrelationsandeverydayinteractionsofindividual‘lifecontexts’.Idrawfromthe
experiencesofagritourismoperatorstoshowthereisalogictoagritourismproductionthatallows
farmerstoachieveasenseofwell-beingbyinvolvingfamilyandfriends,strengtheningspousal
relationships,andemotionallyconnectingtothework.Iarguethattheseareallformsofproduction
notnecessarilydrivenbyprofitbutbytheembodieddoingsofday-to-daytasksthatkeepthe
destinationrunninginthelongterm.
KeyWords:agritourism;tourism;non-economic;production
Title:QuantifyingandMappingSoilErosionintheGrandRiverWatershed
OmarDzinic,BenjaminMeinen,CarolineKayko,JackSu,andDerekT.Robinson
Keywords:SoilErosion,RUSLE,SPI,GrandRiver
Erosionisamajorenvironmentalproblemresponsibleformassiveeconomiclossesandpollutionof
watersourcesinthedevelopedworldanddevelopingnations.Theerodedsoilinagriculturally
dominatedlandscapesistypicallynutrientrichtopsoil,abundantinnitratesandphosphates,which
istransferredintonearbystreamsandcanleadtoeutrophicationinlocalandnationalwater
sources.Twoofthemostwidelyusedapproachesforestimatingandmodellingerosionarethe
reviseduniversalsoillossequation(RUSLE),whichisusedforestimatingsheeterosion,andthe
streampowerindex(SPI),whichisusedformodellinggullyerosion.Despitethewidespreaduseof
thesetoolstheyhaverarelybeencombinedtoidentifyareaspronetohigherosion.Thepresented
researchcombinesRUSLEforapplicationsinCanada(FAC)andtheSPItoquantifyandmapsoil
erosionintheUpperNith,asubbasinoftheGrandRiverwatershedinOntario,Canada.Weidentify
andrankcatchmentswithinthesub-basinbasedonestimatederosionvalues.Wetheninterrogate
thetopthreecatchmentstofurtherlocatetheexactsourcesoferosion.Overall,themosthighly
67
erosiveareaswerelocatedinthesouthwestportionoftheUpperNithsub-basin.Thehighest
amountsofsheetandrillerosionwere22.38t/ha/yrin
SilverCreek,17.65t/ha/yrinBambergCreek,and15.20t/ha/yrinFirellaCreek.Theseandother
findingsthatwillbepresentedhelptargethigh-priorityareasformitigatingerosionthatcanbe
usedbyinitiativesliketheGovernmentofCanada’sGreatLakesWaterQualityAgreement.
AbandonedOilWell-PadPeatlandReclamation
AliEngering,MariaStrack,BinXuandMelanieBird
email:[email protected]
Keywords:Peatland,Oilwell-pad,Reclamation,CarbonExchange
In-situoilsandsproductionindustryhasimpactedover140,000km²oflandinAlberta.Roughly
16%ofAlbertaiscoveredinpeatlandsthathavethepotentialtosequesteraswellasemitglobally
significantamountsofcarbon,yetlittleresearchhasbeendoneontherestorationofpeatlands
previouslyusedasoilwell-pads.Inthisrestorationexperiment,threedifferentcivilearthwork
treatments(CET)basedoninversionofclay(usedinwell-padconstruction),peatandamixtureof
clayandpeat,wereimplementedonanabandonedwell-padnearPeaceRiver,Albertain2009.
EachCET(mixed,clayandpeat)wassplitintothreeexperimentalblocks.Oneexperimentalblock
wasrevegetatedwithdonormaterialdominatedbySphagnumandonewithbrownmoss.All
treatmentswerethencoveredinstrawmulch.Thesite’srestorationtreatmentswereassessedfor
carbonfluxesinthesecondandthirdgrowingseasonspost-restoration.Carbondioxide(CO2)and
methane(CH4)fluxesweremeasuredinafullfactorialdesignofCETandrevegetationtreatments
in2014and2015usingtheclosedchambertechnique.Thebrownmosstreatmentemittedtheleast
CO2andhadtheleastGrossEcosystemProductivity(GEP).Therewerenosignificantdifferencesin
CH4byrevegetationtreatmentsorCETs.TherewasnosignificantdifferenceinCO2fluxesbetween
peatandclayCET.BothGEPandnetCO2uptakeincreasedmarginallyfrom2014to2015,while
CH4emissionsremainedsimilar.Futureresearchoncarbonemissionsisneededtofurther
understandtherestorationpotentialofthesedifferentCETs.
LymeDiseaseandDeforestation:Arealistsystematicreview
ByP.M.Enright1
1PhDCandidate–DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
UniversityofWaterloo
Waterloo,Ontario
Keywords:LymeDisease,ForestFragmentation,Deforestation,SystematicReview
Abstract:Inworldcharacterizedbyincreasingenvironmentalchangeatlocal,regional,andgloballevelsconcernhasaroseregardingtheseeminglyperpetuallossofbiodiversityweareexperiencing.Inrelationtothisconcernareincreasedfearsthatthislossofbiodiversitymayresultinanincreasedprevalenceofzoonoticdiseasesintheenvironmentandanincreasedtransmissionofsuchdiseasestohumans.OnesuchdiseasecausingincreasingconcernisLymediseaseanditsassociatedbacteriumBorreliaburgdorferi.Thisstudyseekstodetermine,throughtheconstructionofarealistsystematicreview,anyrelationshipbetweenfactorsassociatedwithbiodiversityloss,deforestationand/orforestfragmentationandanyassociatedhabitatfragmentationandanincreaseinprevalenceofB.
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burgdorferiineitherhumanpopulationsorthenaturalenvironment.ThissystematicreviewutilisedboththePubMedandWebofSciencedatabasestoeventuallyselectandanalyse14articlesthatmetthereview’sinclusioncriteria:thattheywerewritteninEnglishandstudiedarelationshipbetweentheprevalenceofLyme(orB.burgdorferi)inhumanpopulationsorthenaturalenvironmentanddeforestationand/orforestfragmentation.ThisreviewdeterminedthatthereisarelationshipbetweentheprevalenceofB.burgdorferianddeforestationand/orforestfragmentationbutthatthisrelationshipisdependentonspecificconditions,suchasforestpatchsize,thepercentageofwoodland-openspacebordersinanareaandthelandscapetypeoflandsnexttoforestpatches.Thisreviewconcludesbyofferingrecommendationsforbothpolicyandresearchthatmayhelpprotecthumanpopulationsfromthedisease.ManagingTrade-OffsinCanadianFisheriesandFisheriesResearch
Author:GrahamEpstein
Thereisalargeandgrowingconsensusamongscholarsandfisheriesauthoritiesregardingthe
needtoaccountfortheimpactsoffishingonmarineecosystems.Fishingforforagespeciessuchas
shrimpcan,forinstance,haveasignificantimpactonthestructureandfunctionofthemarine
ecosystemasaresultofinteractionswithfishinggear,habitatalterationand/ortrophiccascades.
However,implementationofpoliciespremisedonanecosystem-basedapproachpresentsignificant
challengesforpolicymakersbecauseoftheirtendencytoproducetrade-offsthatbenefitsome
stakeholdersattheexpenseofothers.Thispreliminaryresearchprojectthereforeinvestigated
howsocialnetworks,politicalefficacyandeconomicincentivesaffecttheattitudesofshrimpfishers
towardspoliciesdesignedtolimittheecosystemimpactsonshrimpfishing.Thisresearchonthe
managementoftrade-offsprovidessomeinitialsupportforeachofthesehypotheses,butalso
presentedanumberofmoraltrade-offsfortheresearchersinvolved.Fishersoftenexpresseda
beliefthatourresearchwouldoratleastcouldhelpthemtoachievesomeoftheircollectivegoals,
providingamajormotivationforthemtoparticipate.Similarly,effortsonmyparttomaximizethe
numberofcompletedsurveysplacedmembersoftheresearchteaminuncomfortablesituations.
DevelopingbaselineknowledgeofwaterandmetalssuppliedbythePeaceRivertothe
Peace-AthabascaDelta,northernAlberta,usingpaleolimnology
Faber1J.,T.Owca1,R.I.Hall2andB.B.Wolfe1
1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,WaterlooON
2DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,WaterlooON
ThePeace-AthabascaDelta(PAD)isalargeborealfreshwaterdeltacontaininghundredsofshallow
lakesthatprovideimportantwildlifehabitatandisinternationallyrecognized(UNESCOWorld
HeritageSite,RamsarWetlandofInternationalImportance)foritsecological,historicalandcultural
significance.Concernsoverlakewaterquantityandwaterqualitystemfrommultiplepotential
stressorsonthePAD,includingpastandcurrentconstructionofhydroelectricdamsonthePeace
River,upstreamoilsandsdevelopment,andclimatechange.AlongthePeaceRiver,concernshave
beenheightenedbyrecentapprovalofBCHydro’sproposedSiteCDam.Hereweuse
paleolimnologicalapproachestofurtherenhanceknowledgeofbaselinehydrologicalconditionsof
thePeaceRiver,inadvanceofSiteCDamoperation,andtoalsocharacterizethenaturalsupplyof
metalstothePADviathePeaceRiverforbroaderassessmentsoftheeffectsofoilsands
development.Duringsummer2016,~35-60-cmlongsedimentcoreswereobtainedusinga
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hammer-drivengravitycorerfromfourlakesalongthePeaceandSlaveriverfloodplainsinthe
vicinityofthePAD.Sedimentcoresweredescribedandsectionedat1-cmintervals.Sedimentsub-
sampleswillbeanalyzedforradiometric(137Cs,210Pb),physical(loss-on-ignition),andgeochemical
(organiccarbonandnitrogenelementalandisotopecomposition,celluloseoxygenisotope
composition,metalconcentrations)parametersandbiota(diatoms,pigments)toreconstructpast
hydrologicalconditionsandmetaldeposition.Findingswillbeofinteresttomultiplestakeholders
andwillinformstewardshipofthedelta.
Keywords:Peace-AthabascaDelta,multiplestressors,paleolimnology,baselineconditions
DendroglaciologicalinvestigationsatKlinakliniGlacier,BritishColumbiaCoastMountains
LaurenFarmerandDanJ.Smith,UniversityofVictoriaTree-RingLaboratory,Departmentof
Geography,UniversityofVictoria,Victoria,BritishColumbiaV8W3P5([email protected])
Flowingsouthward35kmfromtheHa-IltzukIcefield,theKlinakliniGlacieristhelargestglacier
(470km2)locatedentirelywithinBritishColumbia.From1949to2009,theglacierlost
approximately10%ofitsareaandexperiencedsignificantdownwasting.Despitethepotentialfor
derivingsignificantinsightsintoHoloceneglacieractivityfromthisrecentlydeglaciatedlandscape,
onlyasinglesalvagesurveyin1977-1978ofglacier-killedtreesdescribinganearlyLittleIceAge
advancehasbeenundertaken.Basedondiscoveriesatnearbyglaciersandinsightfuldescriptions
byMunday(1936)ofglacier-killedtreedebrisintillatKlinakliniGlacier,adendroglaciological
surveyofthelateralmorainesflankingtheglacierwascompletedinJuly,2016.Radiocarbondating
ofwoodremainsshowthatKlinakliniGlacierexpandedintostandingforestsatca.3600,1400,
1000and600calAD.Theseadvancescoincidecloselyintimewithpreviouslyrecognizedglacier
activityintheMtWaddingtonareaandwiththeLateHolocenehistoryofotherglaciersinthe
PacificRanges.Thefindingsemphasizethesubstantialmassbalanceandsizechangesexperienced
byglacierswithinthesouthernBritishColumbiaCoastMountainsoverthelast4000years.
glacier,tree-rings,Holocene,BritishColumbiaCoastMountains
ComparingSedimentContaminantConcentrationsintheSt.ClairDetroit-RiverSystem
K.WayneForsythe,RyersonUniversity
DanielleE.Mitchell,RyersonUniversity
RichardR.Shaker,RyersonUniversity
StephenJ.Swales,RyersonUniversity
JosephM.Aversa,RyersonUniversity
DanielJ.Jakubek,RyersonUniversity
Sediment core samples have been collected and analyzed formetallic and organic contaminants
under the Environment Canada Great Lakes Sediment Quality Assessment Program since the
1960’s. This paper compares methods for the visualization and presentation of the data using
traditionaldotmaps,two-dimensionalkrigingandathree-dimensionalkriging/bathymetryoverlay
method.DataforLakeSt.Clairwereobtainedfor1970,1974and2001.Additionaldatasamplesfor
thelakeandtheSt.ClairandDetroitRiverswereacquiredfor2014.Dotmapsforallofthedatasets
were produced with ArcGIS software. In addition, the ordinary kriging geospatial analysis
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techniquewas used to generate area estimates of contamination. Finally, bathymetry data were
utilizedtoproducethree-dimensionaldrapedrepresentationsofthemappedresults.Proximityto
traditional industrial areas appears to affect contaminant distribution relationships. This
informationisespeciallyvaluablewhenitiscombinedwithknowledgeofspatialpatternsthatare
derivedusinggeospatialinterpolationtechniques.Bathymetrydatafurtherenhancethemappingof
observedpollutionpatternswhentheyareincludedintheanalyses.
Keywords:
OrdinaryKriging;Visualization,Bathymetry;SedimentContamination
Spatialusepatternsinthreeincome-differentiatedHamilton(ON)CensusTracts
MiltonJ.Friesen,Ph.D.(Cand)
UniversityofWaterloo,SchoolofPlanning
GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)dataiscollectedfromrandomlyrecruitedparticipantsacrossthree
income-differentiatedCensusTractsinEastHamilton.The2.1x106observationsweremadeat15
secondintervalsoverasevendayperiodandarespreadacrossatotalof97participantsdivided
amongthethreeCensusTracts.DatawascollectedbetweenJanuaryandMarch(2016)viaGPS
travelloggingdevicesthatloggedtime,date,longitude,latitude,elevationandspeed.Participants
alsofilledintraveldiariesfortheweektodeterminethedegreetowhichthedatacollectionperiod
couldbecharaterizedasnormal.Theresearchexploreshowincomepatternsleadtodifferencesin
localtravelpatternsusingtenempiricalmeasuressuchaslengthofpath,standardspatialdeviation,
directionalellipsis,anddifferencesbetweenmeanandmedianspatialaverages.Thesespatial
measuresarepartofamoreextensivestudythatalsomeasuresandcomparessocialcapitallevels
ofthesameparticipantsusinganewsocialcapitalinstrumentthatmeasuressocialnetworksand
levelsoftrust.TwoprimaryspatialclustersareevidentinthehigherincomeCensusTractwhile
acrossallthreeCensusTractsstreetpatternsappeartohaveagreatereffectondirectionaltravel
patternsthanincome.
Keywords:GlobalPositioningSystem,spatialstatistics,neighbourhoodspatialpatterns
FEASIBILITYANDPRELIMINARYRESULTSOFUSINGMECAHNICALCOMPRESSIONTO
ACCELERATETHERETURNOFHYDROLOGICALFUNCTIONTORESTOREDCUTOVER
PEATLANDS
Tasha-LeighGauthier*,Dr.ColinMcCarter,Dr.JonathanPrice
Abstract
Ten years post-restoration at the Bois-des-Bel peatland (BdB) there was limited hydrological
connectivity between the regenerated Sphagnummoss and the remnant cutover peat due to theformation of a capillary barrier. This resulted in lower soil water content and decreased
productivity of the regenerated Sphagnummoss compared to a natural analogue. This studyevaluates the feasibility of mechanical compression of the regenerated Sphagnum moss toamelioratethecapillarybarriereffect.Hydraulicconductivity-soilwatercontentrelationshipswere
71
determinedfornon-compressedandcompressedcoresofregeneratedSphagnummoss(n=5coresof4depths).TheresultingdatawasusedtoparameterizeaHydrus-1Dmodeltofurtherelucidate
theeffectofcompressiononthehydraulicpropertiesoftheregeneratedSphagnummoss.Sampleswere compressedby an averageof 1.3 cmwhich resulted in an increase inbulkdensityby49%
acrossallsamplesandanincreaseinaverageunsaturatedhydraulicconductivityateachpressure
step. Volumetricmoisture content increased by 0·10, 0·09, and 0·08 at ψ = -5 cm, -15, and -25,
respectively,whileatψ=-10cmθdecreasedby-0·04.Theseresultsindicatethatcompressionwill
likely increase hydrological connectivity to the surface and decrease hydrological stress on the
moss,andsofieldlevelinvestigationasarestorationtechniquewasundertaken.InJanuary2016,
two fields of the BdB were compressed using a John Deere 6430 Series tractor. Initial
measurementsofmossheightshowed59%compressionbeforerebound.Preliminarymossheight
afterreboundandhydrologicalresponsetocompressionfromsummer2016willbepresented.
Keywords:peatlandrestoration,mechanicalcompression,capillarybarrier,sphagnummoss
Title:EmbeddedorDisembedded?:High-techurbanapproachestofoodsystem
sustainability
Name:AlesandrosGlaro
Keywords:Zfarming,UrbanAgriculture,Ecosocialism,Entrepreneurship
Localfoodsystemsarepopularlyclaimedasasolutiontobetterconnectconsumersto
producersinarapidlyurbanizingworld.Thereexists,however,askepticismastowhatdegree
thesegenerallysmaller-scalelocalschemescanentrenchproducer-consumerlinkagesacrosslarger
cities.Entrepreneurshaveonlyrecentlychallengedthisdoubt,asseenbysteadytechnological
innovationtocreatelarger-scalecommercialurbanfarms.Thoughagreatdealofliteratureexists
regardingthesocial,economic,andenvironmentalimpactsofscaling-upthesehigh-techstrategies,
itremainsrelativelyunexaminedifsocietymaybecomebetterconnectedtofoodproduction
throughthistransition:akeynarrativeinthelocalfoodmovement.Thisresearchgapisespecially
pertinentinaCanadiancontext,whereideasoftech-intensivefoodentrepreneurshiparejust
beginningtotakehold.InthispaperIexploretheoreticalliteratureregardingsocio-natural
relations,inordertocontextualizehigh-techurbanagriculturetransitionswithinbroader
understandingsofsustainabletransition.Ialsodescribemethodologiestoexaminethis
phenomenon,includingthetheoreticallensofecosocialismaswellasinterviewsofkeyurban
agriculturestakeholders.High-techurbanagricultureisincreasinglygainingtractionincities
aroundtheworld;itisvitaltocriticallyexaminethispositivenarrativeofre-embeddingfoodwithin
citiesthroughtechnology,especiallyinCanadawherethesebusinessmodelsarejustbeginningto
grow.Inconclusion,byexamininghigh-techurbanagriculturewithinatheoreticalaswellasan
appliedcontext,thispapershedslightonthepossibleimplicationsofhigh-techurbanagriculture
onsocio-naturalrelationshipsinCanadiancities.
NavigatingtheComplexSeafoodCertificationLandscape:
72
AnAnalysisofDecisionMakingamongAtlanticLobsterHarvesterGroups
LarissaGoshulak*,Dr.JenniferSilver,andDr.BenjaminBradshaw
DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph
Abstract
Inresponsetowidespreaddemandsformarket-basedseafoodgovernancemechanisms,
third-partyseafoodcertificationshaveemergedandbeguntogainrecognitionfromactorsalong
sustainableseafoodsupplychains[1,2].Despitethepromiseofseafoodcertifications,the
effectivenessoftheseinitiativesisthreatenedbytheproliferationofcertificationalternativesby
differentorganizations(e.g.MarineStewardshipCouncil,OceanWise,FriendoftheSea).
Consequently,thesustainableseafoodmarketmaynowbeoversaturatedwithalternativestoa
pointthatconfusesproducersandconsumersalike,andfishharvestersmaythereforenotbe
adequatelyrewardedfortheirsustainabilityefforts[3].Thisresearchaimstounderstandthe
strategiesthatlobsterharvesterorganizationsontheeastcoastofNorthAmericausewhen
navigatingthiscomplexseafoodcertificationlandscape,andtoassesstherelationshipbetween
thesestrategiesandcomplexseafoodsupplychains.Throughsemi-structuredinterviewswith
representativesoflobsterharvesterorganizationsandotherindustryprofessionals,theresearch
exploreshowthesegroupsengageincertificationprocessesandrespondtothepressuresand
conditionsthatshapecertificationandmarketdemandsforsustainableseafood.Basedon
preliminaryresearchanddiscussionswithinterviewparticipants,itseemsthattheroleofthe
harvestergroupinselectingthemostsuitablecertificationmaybeconstrainedbythedemandsof
theretailerandtheinternationalseafoodmarketplace.Furthermore,thisresearchhypothesizes
thattheroleofcertificationinthesustainableseafoodindustryisevolving,ascertificationis
increasinglyseenasatoolformarketaccessratherthanatoolforsustainability.
Keywords:seafood,certification,lobster,MarineStewardshipCouncil
References
[1]Foley,P.(2013).NationalGovernmentResponsestoMarineStewardshipCouncil(MSC)
FisheriesCertification:InsightsfromAtlanticCanada.NewPoliticalEconomy,18(2),284–307.http://doi.org/10.1080/13563467.2012.684212
[2]Schrank,W.E.(2005).TheNewfoundlandfishery:tenyearsafterthemoratorium.MarinePolicy,29(5),407–420.http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2004.06.005
[3]Foley,P.,&Hébert,K.(2013).Alternativeregimesoftransnationalenvironmentalcertification:
Governance,marketization,andplaceinAlaska’ssalmonfisheries.EnvironmentandPlanningA,45(11),2734–2751.H
Lessonsfromthepast:Whyweshouldnotoverlooksocialtransformationtrendsfollowing
resourcebooms
HalimaGoumandakoye
DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario
Oildiscoveriesandproductionareoftenlinkedtodependence, lossofcompetitiveness, inequality
andcorruption(Auty1998,SachsandWarner2001,PapyrakisandGulagh,2004). Initialdebates
ontheextractiveindustriesinthedevelopingworldfocussedontheDutchdiseaseandtheresource
73
curse. However, with globalization and climate change, attention has now shifted to corporate
socialresponsibility(CSR),inclusivedevelopmentandthescramblefornaturalresource.Todayan
arrayofoil,gasandminingmultinationalshavesettheirsightson“unconventional”,hardtoextract
resourcesinsurprisingandattimescontroversialnewplaces.Thispaperstressestheimportance
of studying social transformation following a resource boom, drawing upon the Niger case by
lookingattheoilindustry’sinteractionwithlocalcommunitiesinNiger’sZinderdepartment.Niger
qualifiesasoneofthosenew,“unconventional”orevenriskyoilpartners.Fromitsextensivefour
decades’experiencewithuraniummining,soonafterthefirstbarrelsoutofitsrefinery,questions
werealreadyraisedbycivilsociety.Leadingmanytoquestiontheextentofoil’sroleasavectorfor
development. Despite the importance of human and social frameworks, the literature on oil and
mining in Sub-Saharan Africa covering such topics is remarkably sparse; this paper aims at
explainingitsworthinresourceleddevelopmentdebates.
Keywords:resourcecurse,oilleddevelopment,CorporateSocialResponsibility,Niger.
Temporal-spectraltrajectorybasedchangedetectionandclassificationforbamboo-
dominatedforestsinSouthernBrazil
ClaraJ.Greig1,ColinRobertson2andAndreE.B.Lacerda3
1GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,[email protected]
2GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,[email protected]
3BiologicalSciences,UniversidadeAltoValedoRiodoPeixe,[email protected]
Withaccesstocollectionsofcontinuoussatelliteimageryovera40-yearperiod,temporal-
spectralsignaturesnowserveasaneffectivemethodtomonitorandidentifychangesoccurring
overalandscape.Inthispaper,Landsat-timeseriesareusedtoexaminethetemporal-spectral
signatureofbamboo-dominatedforestsuccessionoccurringwithinthemixedOmbrophilous
Forest,apinedominatedsub-tropicalbiomebelongingtothecriticallydevastatedandthreatened
AtlanticForestinthesouthofBrazil.Thisregionhasbeenreducedto<1%primaryforestand20-
25%secondaryforestofitsoriginallandcover.Alterationofcanopystructurethrough
anthropogenicdisturbancehasincreasedunderstoreylightclimate,enablingnativeinvasive
bamboostoflourishandencroachonexistingforestcommunities,resultinginlossofbiodiversity.
Inthisresearch,weaimedtoidentifythetemporal-spectralsignatureofbamboo-dominatedforest,
inordertocharacterizestagesofforestsuccessionanddetermineregionsofbamboo-dominance.A
theoreticaltemporal-spectraldevelopmentmodelwasdevelopedbasedonfieldobservationand
previousresearch.Thistheoreticalmodelwasthencomparedtoatime-seriesofvegetationindices
obtainedfrom32yearsofLandsatdata.Root-meansquareerrorbetweeneachpixelinthestudy
areaandthetheorizedspectral-temporalmodelwerecomputedandsummarized.Preliminary
resultsindicatethatspectral-temporalsignatureshavetheabilitytoeffectivelyclassifydifferent
phasesofbamboo-dominatedforestsuccession.
Keywords:Landsattime-series;Changedetection;Bamboo;Disturbance;Brazil
TheeffectofDouble-crestedcormorant(Phalacrocoraxauritus)associatedtreemortalityoninvasiveEuropeanfireants(Myrmicarubra)atTommyThompsonPark,Toronto,Ontario
74
AditiGuptaa,andGailS.Frasera,b
aFacultyofEnvironmentalStudies,YorkUniversity,Toronto,ON
bcorrespondingauthor,[email protected]
ThepestiferousandinvasiveEuropeanfireant(Myrmica.Rubra)appearstobewidespreadinsouthernOntario.Ourstudyexaminedhowthehabitattransformationfromanestingnative
waterbirdspecies,Double-crestedcormorants(Phalacrocoraxauritus)impactedthedistributionandabundanceofM.rubraatTommyThompsonPark,inToronto(TTP),Ontario.WecharacterizedhabitatchangesduetocormorantnestingandexaminedM.rubraabundanceandnestdensityattwelvestationsatTTPinAugust2009and2014.Between2009and2014habitattransformations
causedbynestingcormorantsreducedM.rubrahabitat,locality,abundanceandnestdensity.Cormoranttransformationofhabitatnestingnaturallycontrolledaninvasivespeciesthathasyetto
bemanagedinNorthAmerica.
Keywords:M.rubra,Double-crestedcormorants,abundance,nestdensity
Exploringshiftingfoodscapesduringtransitionintopermanentsupportivehousingin
Kingston,Ontario
Author:MadisonHainstock,SchoolofKinesiologyandHealthStudies,Queen’sUniversity
Peoplewhoexperienceextendedandmultipleperiodsofhomelessness,whosedailyroutinesare
highlystructuredaroundsecuringbasicnecessities,developaremarkablelevelofresilience
procuringfood.Whenperformedwithconsistencyandregularity,suchgeographiesofsurvivalcan
begivenmeaningandvalue,inwhichfoodbecomesdeeplyembeddedincomplexphysicaland
socio-culturalprocessesthatimpactapersons’senseofwellbeing.Since2008,a‘HousingFirst’
(HF)modelhasbecometheinterventionofchoicefortransitioningCanada’schronicandepisodic
homelesspopulationintopermanenthousing.However,exitinghomelessnessformany
participantshasbeencomplicatedbyalossofdailyroutinesandactivities,challengesredeveloping
independentlivingskills,discrimination,alackofcommunityintegration,loneliness,isolation,and
prolongedsocialstigma.Thispresentationwilllooktoprovideacriticalreviewofthecurrent
literature,tosetthestageforfutureempiricalresearchwithpeoplewhohaveexperiencedchronic
homelessnessandarenowenrolledinpermanenthousingprograminginKingston,Ontario.By
exploringshiftingfoodjourneysofpeopletransitioninginpermanenthousing,wehopetogaina
betterunderstandingofhowdailyactivitiesoffoodprocurementimpactaperson’ssenseof
wellbeingandshapetransitionexperiences.Itisanticipatedthatalthoughpeoplearedefinedas
“housed,”theproposedstudywillrevealhowissuesconnectedtofoodprocurementandsocial
isolation,mayremainunresolvedwithinpermanenthousinginterventions.
Keywords:permanentsupportivehousing,wellbeing,foodscapes,transition.
BorderlessWaters:AnEvaluationofIndigenousPerspectivesintheMackenzieRiverBasin
TransboundaryAgreements
By:TeallHall
Affiliation:CarletonUniversity
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Across theworld, countrieshavebeenexperiencingproblemsrelated towater,whichare
nowbeingassociatedwithpoorgovernmentleadership.Oneofthegreatestchallengeswithwater-
relatedissues isdealingwithtransboundarywater,withthedifferent interestsofactors,whoare
dividedbypoliticalborders.This includesIndigenouspeoples,whoseperspectivesonwaterhave
largelybeenexcluded,despitewidespreadrecognition thatwatermanagementshould includeall
affected parties. The Mackenzie River Basin is classified as an inter-provincial transboundary
watershed in Canada. The largest north-flowing river in North America, and home to a large
Indigenouspopulation(50%oftheNWT),investigatinghowIndigenousperspectivescontributeto
transboundary water management is important for ensuring that water management is shared
across the basin.With the application of discourse analysis as a methodological tool, this study
traces the incorporationof Indigenousperspectives in theMackenzieRiverBasinTransboundary
Agreements (and supplementary documents), and negotiations between Alberta and the NWT.
Special attention is paid to the perspectives on nature from both Indigenous and scientific
knowledge. The primary goal of this study is to look at if and how the agreements utilized
Indigenousperspectivesonwater.
PlacesofErasure:Assimilationimpactonindigenous“senseofplace”
ShirleyHall
WilfridLaurierUniversity
TheTruthandReconciliationCommissionofCanadareportandsubsequentCallstoAction,asled
byDr.MurraySinclair,canbeseenasacatalystfortherecentburgeoninginterestinresearchby
andwithAboriginalpeoplesandcommunitiesacrossCanada.Assimilationintoresidentialschools
hasleftimmensescarsontheremnantsofIndigenouspeople,beingstrippedoftheirabilityto
practiceandperpetuatetheirownculturaltraditions.AsIndigenous“senseofplace”hasbeen
bequeathedthroughoraltraditionandpassedalongfromgenerationtogeneration,thisdisruption
canbeseenashavingimmenseimpact.Inordertounearththegapsinindigenoustraditional
knowledgeabout“senseofplace”,itisimperativetostudytheserepresentationsemergingfrom
thesenarratives,astheyholdanswersastohowtraditionalknowledgeabout“senseofplace”
comestobeknownandistransmittedacrossgenerations.Usingacombinationofparticipant-
generatedoralandvisualdata,maprepresentationsoftheimpactofassimilationonindigenous
“senseofplace”.Thisresearchwillheightenawarenessfornonindigenousandindigenousalike,
abouttherichnessandspiritualitythatindigenousoralandvisualtraditionsbringtounderstanding
experience(s)ofplace,whilesimultaneouslycontributingtowardsreconciliationbetweenthese
fracturedcommunitiesandCanadians.
Keywords:senseofplace,indigenous,mapping
Title:UrbanSizeandAcademicFocus:ExploringTrendsinCanadianUrbanGeography,Planning
andPolicyLiterature
Author:MaxwellHartt
SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo
200UniversityAveW,Waterloo,ON,N2L3G1
647-331-1533
Abstract:
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Between 1996 and 2001 almost half of the urban areas in Canada lost population. This uneven
pattern of growth prompted an examination of the English-language urban geography, planning
and policy-related academic literature in 2001,which determined that Canadian urban research
fixated on large, growing metropolitan areas. Revisiting this literature a decade later with a
thorough review of 1518 articles in eight Canadian academic journals, large urban areas have
continuedtodominatetheacademicdiscourse.Althougharticlesdedicatedtosmallerandmiddle
sizeurbanareasarestillrelativelyunderrepresented inthe literature,research focusingonmore
thanonesizeofurbanareahasgrowntremendously.Thisreflectsanemerginginterestinregional
connectivityandariseintheperceptionofurbanareasassystems,ratherthanindividualentities.
Further analysis reveals distinct changes in the economic sector concentration of the Canadian
urban literature as there were significantly fewer articles focused on resource extraction,
manufacturingandtourism.
Keywords:urbanchange,academia,shrinkingcities
LuckyRealizationsoftheSnow-AORelationshipinCMIP5Models
TylerHerrington,Dr.ChrisFletcher
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON
PresentingAuthor:TylerHerrington([email protected])
Previousstudieshavedemonstratedastatisticallysignificantrelationshipbetweenthe
observedOctobersnowcoverinSiberia,andthephaseandstrengthoftheArcticOscillation(AO).
Thisrelationshiphasonlybeenabletoberecreatedunderisolatedcircumstancesinclimate
models,however.HereweexploretherelationshipbetweenOctobersnowcoverinEurasia,and
atmosphericcirculationovertheNorthAtlantic,focusingondatafromthreeCoupledModelInter-
ComparisonProject(CMIP5)models.Weonlyconsidermodelsthatdisplay40-yeartime-periods
withacorrelationbetweentheDec-Jan-FebZ500PolarCapandOctEurasiansnowcover(hereafter
AO-snowcorrelation)of≥0.35,inordertoanalyzescenarioswithsimilarcorrelationstothe
observationalrecord.Sealevelpressure,geopotentialheight,andupwardwaveactivityflux(v*T*)
areconsideredover40-yeartimeperiodswheretheAO-snowcorrelationis≥0.35(hereafter“lucky
timeperiods”).
AfeatureoftheobservedAO-snowrelationshipisthatinyearswithrelativelyhighOct
snowcoveroverEurasia,anegativeAOmodegenerallydevelopsovertheNorthAtlanticoverthe
followingwinter.WefindthatdespiteshowingasimilarAO-snowcorrelationtotheobservations
overselect“lucky”timeperiods,noneofthethreemodelsexploredappeartoexhibitsimilar
patternsofdevelopmentofsealevelpressure,geopotentialheight,orv*T*tothatoftheobserved,
suggestingthatsnowcovermaynotbethemaincontrolonthedevelopmentoftheAO.
Keywords:NorthernAnnularMode,ArcticOscillation,ClimateVariability,Atmospheric
Teleconnections
MappingPevenseyBay:TheHistorical,EnvironmentalandCartographicEvidence
ChristopherMacdonaldHewitt,Ph.D.�DepartmentofGeography� SocialScienceCentre�University
77
ofWesternOntario� 1151RichmondStreet� LondonCanada�N6A5C2Abstract:
Despitetheirobviousimportanceashistoricalsources,fewhistoricalstudiesrelyappreciablyupon
mapsorotherformsofcartographicrepresentations.Suchomissionisparticularlyobviousinthe
caseofmedievalwarfare.Aspartofanefforttoeffectivelydemonstratethevalueofcartographyto
historicalanalysis,thisstudyexamineslandusesineleventhcenturyPevenseyBay,England,the
landingsiteoftheNormanArmypriortoitsengagementintheBattleofHastings,foughtin
1066.Specifically,informationregardinglandusesofthelateeighteenthcentury,incombination
withdatafromearliermapsandenvironmentalstudies,areanalyzedtoprovideadetailed
representationofthetargetarea.Suchinformationcastsconsiderablenewlightonthelanding
conditionsoftheNormanArmyatthetime,aswellassomeinsightasregardstotheresources
availabletotheinvadersonarrival.Thestudyconcludeswithadiscussionoftheapplicabilityof
themethodsemployedforotherhistoricaleventsandperiods.
Keywords:
PevenseyBay,HistoricalMaps,WilliamI,EnvironmentalStudies
ApplicationsofRADARSAT-2polarimetricdataforassessingdegradedwhitemangrove
forests
DuncanJ.E.Hill1,JohnM.Kovacs1andFranciscoFlores-de-Santiago21DepartmentofGeography,NipissingUniversity,NorthBay,ON,Canada
2InstitutodeCienciasdelMaryLimnología,UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,Coyoacán
D.F.,México
Keywords:remotesensing,syntheticapertureradar,mangrove
PreviousresearchexploringtheuseofactiveSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)remotelysensed
imageryinmangrovestudieshasfocusedmainlyonbackscatterfromdifferentpolarizationbands.
WiththelatestgenerationofSARsensorsnowofferingfully-polarimetricmodes,newpolarimetric
analysistechniquesareavailable.Inthisstudy,weevaluatetheapplicationofthesetechniquesfor
assessingadegradedwhitemangrove(Lagunculariaracemosa)forestontheMexicanPacificusingC-bandRADARSAT-2FineQuadimagery.SeveralFineQuadimageswereobtainedovertheAgua
BravaLagoonstudyareawherebiophysicalmeasurementswererecordedin2014and2015.
Polarizationparametersextractedfromtheimagerywerecomparedtothefielddataacrossforest
standsofvaryingcondition(healthy,poorcondition,dead).Specificpolarizationparameters
examinedincludebackscatterintensity,co-polarizedphasedifference,polarimetricresponseplots
andmultiplepolarimetricdecompositions.Eachparameterwasalsoevaluatedforthedifferent
incidenceanglesimageswereacquiredattodetermineifthereisanidealimaginganglefor
mangroveapplications.
UsingPhotovoicetoUnderstandClimateChangeAdaptationinRuralOntario
Hissa,K.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity)
Abstract
Theexaminationofcommunityadaptationandresilienceapproachestoaddressthethreatsof
climatechangeinruralOntarioisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinemergencymanagementand
preparedness.Communityengagementbecomescriticalinthisregard,aslocalexperiencespartly
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influenceperceptionsofclimatechangeriskswithinmunicipalities.Photovoiceisacommunity-
basedparticipatoryresearchmethodologythatempowersparticipantstodocumenttheir
perceptionsandunderstandingsofaparticularissuethroughtheuseofvisualimages.This
techniquewasundertakentounderstandtheimpactsoftheF3tornadothathitthecommunityof
Goderich,Ontarioin2011andcapturetheirmember’sperceptionsondisasterrecoveryand
climate-relatedthreats.Forthisproject,Iworkedwith10communityphotographerstorefine
themes(n=7)relatedtotheimpactsoftheextremeeventoncriticalinfrastructureaswellas
communitystrengthsandchallengesassociatedwithclimatechangeresilience.Myfindingsindicate
thattheF32011tornadobroughtvasthardshiptotheresidentsofGoderichofwhichtheystill
experiencefiveyearslaterandthatdifferingopinionsduringtherecoveryprocessencouraged
controversy–hinderingsomeofthesocialcohesionduringrebuild.Despitethecommunity’sfast
recovery,certaininfrastructuresuchasbankingandbusinessesremainstobevulnerabletofuture
disaster.Mostimportantly,optimisticacceptanceandpositiveoutlookregardingtheirperceptionof
communitystrengthandresiliencedespitelosseswasanoverwhelmingthemefortheparticipants
inthisproject.
Keywords:ClimateChange;Adaptation;RuralOntario;Photovoice
LakeIce/WaterSegmentationofDualPolarizationRADARSAT-2SARImagerywiththe
IterativeRegionGrowingusingSemanticsAlgorithm
MarieHoekstra,ClaudeDuguay(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo),DavidClausi(DepartmentofSystemsDesignEngineering,UniversityofWaterloo)
Changestothestateoficecoveronlakesthroughoutnorthernlandscapeshasbeenestablishedasa
strongindicatorofclimatechangeandvariability.Inaddition,monitoringtheextentandtimingof
icecoverisrequiredtoallowformorereliableweatherforecastingacrosslake-richnorthern
latitudes.
CurrentlytheCanadianIceService(CIS)monitorsover130lakesusingRADARSAT-2SAR
(syntheticapertureradar)andopticalimagery.Theseimagesarevisuallyinterpreted,withlakeice
coverreportedweeklyasafractionintenths.Anautomatedmethodofclassificationwouldallow
formoredetailedrecordsoflakeiceextenttobedeliveredoperationally.
TheVisionandImageProcessingResearchGroupatUniversityofWaterloohasdevelopedthe
IterativeRegionGrowingusingSemantics(IRGS)algorithm,allowingforautomatedsegmentation
ofSARscenes,andhasbeentestedintheclassificationofseaicewithupto96%accuracy.This
algorithmseparateshomogeneousregionsinanimageusingahierarchicalwatershedapproach,
thenmergeslikeregionsintoclasses.Theseclassesaremanuallylabeledbytheuser,however
automatedlabelingcapabilityforlakeiceiscurrentlyindevelopment.
Inthisstudy,wehaveemployedIRGStosegmenticeandwaterindual-polarizationRADARSAT-2
scenesofGreatSlaveLake.Anaccuracyassessmenthasbeenperformedontheresults,comparing
outcomeswithusergeneratedreferencedataandtheCISfractionreportedatthetimeofimage
acquisition.Theresultsdemonstratethepotentialofthisalgorithmtoquicklyandaccurately
providedetailedlakeicecoverinformationinthefuture.
Keywords:
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cryosphere,RADARSAT-2,segmentation,lakeice
Localmulticriteriaanalysisandagent-basedmodelsforsimulatingurbanlandusepatterns
HosseinHosseini1,JacekMalczewski2
1Presenter,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,London,ONN6A5C2,Canada2Supervisor,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,London,ONN6A5C2,Canada
Abstract:Theconventionalmodelsforsimulatinglandusepatternsareinsufficient inaddressing
complex dynamics of urban systems. A new urban models, inspired by research on cellular
automataandmulti-agent systems,hasbeenproposed toaddress thedrawbacksof conventional
modeling.Anyurbandynamics,includingurbandevelopment,istheresultofactionandinteraction
ofdifferenttypesofagentsthatexistoverthelandscape.Inurbanmodels,anagentrepresentsan
individualorinterestgroup.Tosimulateurbandevelopment,oneshouldfirstsimulatethedecision
behavior of different types of agents. Each typeof agent hasdifferent preferences andpriorities,
andmakes its locationdecision according to thesepreferences.Agents evaluate the suitability of
each parcel of undeveloped land using a number of criteria and choose the best land(s) for
development.However, the landscape isnotuniformandagents’preferenceswith respect to the
evaluationcriteriavaryfromonelocationtoanother.Thecontributionofthisresearchistomodel
the urban development by considering the heterogeneity that exists in agents’ preferences. The
localmulticriteriaanalysisapproachisusedformodellingthedecisionbehaviorofdifferenttypes
ofagents.
Keywords:urbanlanduse;cellularautomata;multi-agentsystems;localmulticriteriamodels.
Title:DissolvedorganiccarbondynamicsinaconstructedfenintheAthabascaOilSandsRegion,
Alberta
S.E.Irvine,M.Strack,J.S.Price
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University
AvenueWest,Waterloo,Ontario,N2L3G1
IntheWesternBorealPlainfenscomprise50%ofthelandscape,howevermuchofthisareais
disturbedthroughbitumenextractionintheAthabascaOilSands.Sincethereisalegalrequirement
toreturnequivalentlandcapability,theNikanoteeFenwasconstructedwithtwometresofpeat
colonizedbymoss,plantedsedgespecies,andspontaneouslyoccurringvegetation.Asthesystem
developsdissolvedorganiccarbon(DOC)islikelytobesourcedfrombothpeatandvegetation.This
sourceofDOCmayhaveimplicationsforitscarbonbalanceanddownstreamwaterquality.Yet,
thereislimitedinformationonDOCdynamicsinconstructedpeatlands,withnonefocusingonsite-
specificvegetationcontrolsorDOCtransport.WereportonchangesinDOCconcentrationsthrough
thepeatprofile,inputsthroughgroundwaterandlossesfromdischargebetweenJuneandAugust
2015.PreliminaryresultsindicatethatDOCconcentrationsincreasethroughthepeatprofileover
timewithintheNikanoteeFen.Concentrationsremainconsistenttemporallyandspatiallywithin
mineralsubstrateswhichsupplythefenwithwater.TheamountofDOCwithinthesystem
increasedthroughthesummerof2015duetogreaternetproductionwithinthefen,andlimited
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outflowfromthissystem.Lowdischargethroughthisperiodisattributedtothesmallamountof
precipitationreceivedcomparedtotheclimatenormalforthesemonths.Overall,theDOCbudgetof
thisconstructedfenisprimarilycontrolledbywithin-siteproduction.Thisislikelyafunctionof
minimalprecipitationreceivedwithinthissystem,howeverthisbalancemaychangewithvarying
precipitationinputs.
Keywords:peatland,reclamation,carbon
Planningforcontroversiallanduses:thecaseofmedicalmarijuanadispensaries(MMDs)in
Toronto
DavidJohnson–UniversityofWaterloo(Master’sStudent)
Dr.JenniferDean–UniversityofWaterloo(PrincipleInvestigator)
Medicalmarijuanadispensaries(MMDs)havebeenopeningincitiesacrossCanadainresponseto
changinglegislationthatsupportstheuseofmarijuanatotreatcertainhealthconditions.There
currentlyisanabsenceofstandardproceduresforsitingdispensariesthatsellthiscontrolled
substance.Furtherconfusingtheissueisthatthefederalgovernmenthaspromotedthefuture
decriminalizationandlegalizationofmarijuanaforrecreationaluse.Withrapidlychangingfederal
lawsandprovincialguidelinesformedicalandrecreationalmarijuanause,thereisaneedtoassess
theimpactsofMMDsatthemunicipallevelbothintermsofplanningpoliciesandpracticesthat
provideguidanceforthesitingofMMDs,andforbalancingdivergingexpectationsandreactions
frommultiplepublics.Thispresentationdiscussespreliminaryfindingsofacasestudyofmedical
marijuanadispensariesinToronto,Ontario.Thisstudycollectedqualitativedataaboutthe
existenceandsitingofthiscontroversiallandusefromkeyinformantsworkinginTorontoaswell
asconductedamediaanalysisofrecentMMDarticlesfromtwolocalandonenationalnewspaper.
Preliminaryfindingshighlightthemultipleandcompetingperspectivesofcitizens,advocatesand
policy-makerswithrespecttoMMDsandthepublicgood.Futureresearchdirectionsandpolicy
implicationswillbediscussed.
Planning|PublicHealth|PublicGoods|ControversialLandUses|MedicalMarijuana
Modelsofdirecteditingofgovernmentspatialdata:Challengesandconstraintstothe
acceptanceofcontributeddata
PeterA.Johnson
AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof
Waterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,[email protected]
Abstract
Thecurrentpopularityofgovernmentopendataplatformsasawaytosharegeospatialdatahas
createdanopportunityforgovernmenttoreceivedirectfeedbackandeditsonthisverysamedata.
Thispresentationproposesfourmodelsthatcandefinehowgovernmentacceptsdirecteditsand
feedbackongeospatialdata.Thefourmodelsare;a‘statusquo’ofopendataprovision,data
curation,datamirroring,andcrowdsourcing.Thesemodelsareplacedonacontinuumof
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governmentcontrolrangingfromhighlevelsofcontroloverdatacreationtoalowlevelofcontrol.
Eachmodelisdiscussed,withrelevantchallengeshighlighted.Thesefourmodelspresentaninitial
suiteofoptionsforgovernmentslookingtoacceptdirecteditsfromdataendusers,andcanbe
framedasapartialrealizationofmanyoftheprinciplesofopengovernment.Despitethevaried
potentialoftheseapproaches,theygenerateashiftincontrolawayfromgovernment,creating
severalareasofriskforgovernment.Ofthesemodels,near-terminterestmayfocusondata
curationanddatamirroringasevolutionary,ratherthanrevolutionarystepsthatexpandonthe
simpleprovisionofopendata.
Keywords:opendata,opengovernment,crowdsourcing,geospatialdata
SmallholderAgriculturalMechanizationintheNorthernSavannaofGhana:Implicationson
LanduseandProductionPatterns
MosesM.Kansanga1*andPeterAndersen2
1- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada
2- DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofBergen,Norway
Abstract
SmallholderagricultureinthenorthernsavannahofGhanaislargelyrain-fed,withlimitedfacilities
for irrigation. Fluctuations in the timing and distribution of rainfall coupled with the limited
information to monitor erratic climatic patterns have created uncertainty regarding suitable
planting periods. Given the difficulty with the use of basic hand-held farm inputs to prepare
farmlands expeditiously in anticipation of rain, farmers have responded to these challenges by
resorting tousing tractors in landpreparation.However,despite the increaseduseof tractorsby
smallholder farmers, its implication on agricultural land use and cropping patterns has received
littleresearchattention.Usingamixedmethodapproach,thisstudyexaminedthenatureoftractor-
basedmechanizationanditsimpactonfarmsizes,croppatternsandagriculturallandaccessamong
smallholder farmers from 2005 to 2015 in Navrongo in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Our
findings indicate that, the use of tractors has resulted in a sharp increase in farm sizes from the
baseyearin2005whentractorusewasminimal.Theexpansioninfarmsizesisaccompaniedbya
changing cropping pattern away from the production of native staples tomarket-oriented crops.
Furthermore,thestudyrevealsgrowingintra-familylandusetensionsoverfertilelandsleadingto
‘intra-family land grabbing’. Farmers have responded by adopting protectivemeasures including
continuouscultivationand lendinguncultivated land to farmersoutside the family lineage.Based
onthese findings,werecommendmechanizationpoliciesshouldtarget theprovisionofrelatively
smallerhorsepowertractorswithintheaffordabilityrangeofsmallholders.
Keywords:Mechanization,SmallholderFarmers,LandUse,CroppingPattern
ThediffusionofrenewableelectricitytechnologiesinCanadianremoteaboriginal
communitiesusingthetechnologicalinnovationsystemsapproach
K.KaranasiosandP.Parker
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DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo
Abstract
Theaimof thepaper is toapply theTechnological InnovationSystems(TIS)approach toanalyze
thediffusionofrenewableelectricitytechnologies(RETs)inremoteCanadiancommunities,which
are in need of reliable and clean electricity to address social, environmental and economic
development issues.ThestudyexaminestheslowdiffusionofRETsduringthe1974-2016period
and (a) identifies the past and current functional pattern and performance and the systemic
problemsthatshape thediffusionprocess,and(b)generates insightsabout themain factors that
havethepotentialtosustainthedevelopmentoftheTIS,takingintoconsiderationcurrenttrends,
currentprojectsingridconnectedcommunities,andtheplansfornorthernresourcedevelopments.
AlthoughthereisevidencethattheaccumulationofTISfunctionsdeterminestherateofdiffusionof
therenewabletechnologies,addressinganumberofsystemicproblemsthroughpolicycouldlead
toaccelerateddiffusionofRETstothebenefitofthecommunitiesandotherstakeholders.
Keywords: technological innovation systems; energy systems; renewable power; remote
aboriginalcommunities
DiscerningEffectsofMultipleStressorsonLakesoftheAthabascaDeltausingPaleolimnology
MitchellL.Kaya,ErinMacDonalda,KristenWesenberga,KathleenBrowna,
[InsertStudentNameshere]b,JasminaVucica,LauraNearya,JohanA.Wiklunda,RolandI.Halla,
BrentB.Wolfeb
aDepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Ontario,CanadaN2L3G1
bDepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,
Ontario,CanadaN2L3C5
The Peace-Athabasca Delta is a large boreal freshwater delta that primarily relies on river
floodwatertomaintaintheecologicalhealthofnumerouslakes.Inrecentdecades,therehasbeen
concernoverthepotentialeffectsofmultiplestressors,includingenergydevelopmentprojectsand
climatechange,on lakewaterquantityandquality in thedelta.Paleolimnologicalapproachesare
being used to assess the roles of these stressors from long-term records of hydrology andmetal
deposition.Duringthepastseveralyears,sedimentcoreshavebeenobtainedfrommultipleflood-
prone lakes along theAthabascaRiver in theAthabascaDelta, and sectioned into1 cm intervals.
Sub-samples from each interval will be analyzed for radiometric, physical (including loss-on-
ignition), and geochemical parameters and biota to reconstruct past hydrological conditions and
metaldepositionforthepastcenturyormore.Preliminaryresultsfromloss-on-ignitionfromseven
lakesedimentcoresshowthatrecentgeomorphicchangesinflowoftheAthabascaRiverhavehad
aprofoundinfluenceonlakehydrologyintheAthabascaDelta.Notably,thishascausedAthabasca
River flowtobedivertedaway fromthenortheasternsectorof theAthabascaDelta,which is the
traditional territory of the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation. Ongoing analyses will refine the
paleohydrologicalreconstructionsanddataobtainedfrompre-1920lakesedimentsampleswillbe
usedtoestablishabaselinetoevaluatepost-1967sedimentsamplesforevidenceofpollution.
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Title:TreelineExpansionAlongtheCanolHeritageTrail,NWT,Canada->70yearsPost-
Disturbance
Authors:GeoffreyG.L.Kershaw1,StevenD.Mamet2,3,andG.PeterKershaw
Affiliations:1GeographyandEnvironmentalStudiesDepartment,WilfridLaurier,Waterloo,ON,N2L
3C5;2BiologyDepartment,UniversityofSaskatchewan,Saskatoon,SK,S7N5E2;3Departmentof
SoilScience,UniversityofSaskatchewan,Saskatoon,SKS7H5A8;4DepartmentofEarthand
AtmosphericSciences,UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,AB,T6G2E3
Abstract:Inmanyareasthroughoutthenorthernhemisphere,treelinehasadvancedlatitudinally
andaltitudinally.Atthesametime,shrubshaveexpandedintundraecosystems.Theroleof
anthropogenicdisturbanceinfacilitatingorretardingtheseecosystemtransitionsispoorly
understood.Somestudiesreportincreasedrecruitmentassociatedwithdisturbance,whileothers
reporttreelinerecession.TheCanolHeritageTrail(CANOLProject1942-5)providesaccessto
treelineintheSelwynandMackenzieMountainsfromMacmillanPasstotheDechenLábarrens.
Subalpinefir(Abieslasiocarpa)dominateslowerelevationswithsporadicwhitespruce(Piceaglauca)andbalsampoplar(Populusbalsamifera)alongthetrail.Theforesttransitionsintodwarfbirch(Betulaglandulosa)dominatedareasathigherelevation,whereonlyscattered,stuntedtreeislandspersist.Herewereportonthenaturalrecruitmenthistoryoftreespeciesinthearea,aswell
asourintendedinvestigationbasedonthehypothesisthathumandisturbancehascreateda
dispersalcorridorforrecenttreerecruitment.Pastrecruitmenteventsoffir,spruce,andpoplarare
reconstructedfromtree-ringanalysisandcomparedtotemperaturetrendsfrom1800-2000.On
disturbedareas,a2012-2015censusoftreerecruitmentwasdone.Stemdensityandagestructure
oftreespeciesondisturbedareaswillbecomparedtooffdisturbancesamplestoestablishif
preferentialrecruitmentisoccurring.Thispresentationwillconcludewithoff-disturbance
samplingproceduresandourintendedanalysisasthisportionofthestudyhasyettobecompleted
andtheauthorswelcomecriticalcommentsandobservationsonthesubject.
Keywords:Treeline,ClimateChange,AnthropogenicDisturbance,MackenzieMountains
LivingandLearningwithLocals:AGenderPerspectiveaboutConductingFieldworkin
UnfamiliarEnvironments
Author:F.NooriKhan
Onewaytounderstandthecomplexityofsocialchangeistoimmerseoneselfinit.Thepurposeof
myresearchwastoexploregenderdynamics,specificallythestatusoffisherwomenwithregardsto
environmentalchangeandadaptationinthefisherycommonsofChilikalagoon,alagoonsituated
ontheeastcoastofIndia.Toconductfieldwork,ItravelledtoChilikaandlivedwithlocalfisher
communitiesinruralvillagesIhadnevervisited.Iquicklyunderstoodthatitwasessentialto
acknowledgemyowngenderidentityasawomaninthefield.Ilearnedthatbeingawoman
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presentedparticularbenefitsandchallengeswhileconductingresearch.Thispaperwillsharea
genderperspectiveaboutconductingethnographic,qualitativeresearch.Iwilldiscussmy
participatoryapproachtothisresearch.Morebroadly,Iwillexaminethestrugglesofbeinga
womanandanoutsiderinthefieldandthestrategiesIusedtoovercomethesechallenges.My
experienceoflivingandlearningwithlocalcommunitiesinChilikafosteredanopportunitytonot
onlygatherresearchnecessaryformyprojectbutalsotorecognizethesignificanceofmypersonal
identityinthefield.Iofferinsightonhowresearchersadapttothesocialsettingandenvironment
oftheirfieldsites.Furthermore,Idiscusshowmyimmersionintothisresearchonsocialchangeled
tovaluablesubjectiveandpersonalexperiences.
Mississauga’surbanforest:Assessinglocalandregionalclimatevulnerability
TalhaKhan–M.Sc.Candidate,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto
Dr.TenleyConway–DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto,Mississauga
Urban forests are stressed by poor soil quality, flood events, droughts, and anthropogenic
disturbance. Changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events as a result of
climate change can cause additional physiological stress to urban tree species. Present research
focuses on how urban tree species can help alleviate climate change impacts but often fails to
mention the susceptibility of species to a changing climate. This study seeks to examine City of
Mississauga’surbanforestspeciescompositiontoexplorethesusceptibilityofcommonnativeand
non-nativespeciestopredictedclimatechangescenariosonalocalandregionalscale.Physiological
growthrequirementsandclimatetolerances(i.e.minimumtemperature,droughttolerance,etc.)of
abundanttreespeciesweregatheredtoevaluatestressorsundermodeledclimateconditionsinthe
short-term, the year 2040, and long term, the year 2100. Amatrix was created to highlight the
susceptibility of species to particular climate conditions andweather events. Preliminary finding
and next stepswill be presented. Examining species composition and climate vulnerability on a
regional scale can provide information on how resilient urban forests may be to future climate
change,andhowtoamelioratespeciesloss.Thisresearchcanaidurbanforestmanagementplans
in species selection and extending the life expectancy of individual trees, thus saving time and
money,andretainingecosystemservices.
Keywords:climatechange,climatesusceptibility,urbanforest,speciesdistribution
TheGenderedSpacesofVolunteerTourism
By:AmyKipp,Drs.RobertaHawkinsandNoellaGray(DepartmentofGeography,Universityof
Guelph)
Abstract:Volunteertourism,inwhichindividualsparticipateinvoluntaryworkwhilevacationing
abroad,isanincreasinglypopularandresearchedformoftravel,consideredbysomeacademicsto
beasustainableformofdevelopment.Withinthisformof“development-travel”thereexistsan
extremelyunevengenderdividewithafourtooneratiooffemaletomaleparticipants.Although
commonlycited,littleresearchexistsonthisgendergapandthepotentialimpactitmayhaveon
volunteertourismandbyextensionthefieldofinternationaldevelopment.Thispaperexploresthe
genderdividebyexaminingthespaces,activitiesandinteractionsthatvolunteertouristshave
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accesstoonthesetrips.Additionally,afeministcritiqueisappliedtotheconceptsofglobal
citizenshipandthegeographyofcareinrelationtothegenderednatureofvolunteertourism.
Thisstudyisbasedonpreliminaryfindingsfrom40semi-structuredinterviewswithformermale
andfemalevolunteertourists,aswellasdatacollectedduringparticipantobservationonatwo-
weeklongvolunteertripinGuatemala.Emergingthemesinthedatainclude:genderedconcerns
aroundsafetyandresponsibility,privilegeandpower,andtheintersectionalityofmultiple
identities.Ultimately,thispapersuggeststhatthegendergapthatexistsinvolunteertourismhas
thepotentialtoimpacttherepresentationandunderstandingoftheGlobalSouthintheGlobal
Northinaparticularlygenderedwayandthatinordertobetterunderstandthespacesofvolunteer
tourismmorecritical,feministresearchisneeded.
Keywords:volunteer-tourism,gender,globalcitizenship,geographiesofcare
IstheAthabascaRiverBeingPollutedfromAlbertaOilSandsDevelopment?
Klemt,WynonaH.(1)([email protected]),RolandI.Hall(1),BrentB.Wolfe(2)
(1)DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1(2)DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3C5Keywords:paleolimnology;monitoring;Albertaoilsands;metalpollutionAlbertaoilsandsminingandprocessingbeganoperationsin1967,butonsetofenvironmental
monitoringoftheAthabascaRiverandadjacentfloodplainlakesbytheRegionalAquatics
MonitoringProgram(RAMP)toassesslevelsofoilsandscontaminationwasinitiated30yearsafter
development.Consequently,nopre-industrialbaselineexistsuponwhichcurrentriversediment
qualitycanbecompared.Thissituationisfurthercomplicated,becausetheAthabascaRiverflows
throughthenaturallybitumen-richMcMurrayFormation,whereriverbankerosionand
groundwatermixingprovidenaturalinputsofcontaminantstotheAthabascaRiver.This
underminesanabilitytodeterminetherelativeimportanceofcontaminantssuppliedbynatural
versusindustrialprocessestonearbyaquaticenvironments.Myprojectwillfocusoncharacterizing
metalconcentrationsdepositedviatheAthabascaRiverinflood-pronelakeslocatedupstream(2-
85km)anddownstream(3-20km)ofcentraloilsandsoperationsbeforeandsincetheonsetofoil
sandsdevelopment.Floodplainlakesprovideauniquearchiveofrivercontaminantconcentrations
overtime.Myresearchwillassesstheconcentrationsofprioritymetalsofconcernintheoilsands
region(includingBe,Cd,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni,V,andZn)inasetoflakesfloodedbytheAthabascaRiver.
Elevatedconcentrationsofthesemetalsweredetectedinsnowpackandriverwaternearoilsands
operations(Kellyetal.,2010.PNAS,107(37),16178-16183).Wewilldetermineabaselineofconcentrationsforthesemetalsandassessthetemporalrecordforevidenceofpollutioninrecent
decades.
Title:TheKa’a’geeTuAtlas:Community-basedmonitoringoflandscapechangeinKakisa,NT
KaitlinKok,MastersofEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversityKeywords:Community
BasedMonitoring,ParticipatoryActionResearch,traditionalecologicalknowledge,decisionmaking
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TheremotecommunityofKakisa,NT,situatedsouthwestofYellowknife,hasexperiencedagreat
dealofchangeamongstthecommunity’ssurroundingland.Asthecommunityishighlydependent
andconnectedtothelandfortheirwell-being,theenvironmentalchangeswhichhavebeennoted
bycommunitymembershavecreatedconcernregardingtheirabilitytocontinuetraditionalways
ofliving.TheaimofthisprojectistoworkcollaborativelywiththeKa’a’geeTuFirstNation(KTFN)
todocumentandtracktheongoingchangestotheirsurroundinglandthroughtheuseof
communitybased-monitoringmethods.Methodssuchascollectingphotographsandconducting
semi-structuredinterviewswillbestoredwithinaweb-enabledmappingsystemasawayto
visualizethehistoryofKakisa’sIndigenousknowledgeandalsoasawaytomonitorfuture
environmentalchange.Thissystemwillalsobeausefulandimportanttooltolandusersasawayto
enhancecommunitymember’ssafetyontheland,butalsotoresearchersandregionaldecision-
makerstobuildcapacityforfuturemonitoringstudies.
Addressingcomplexityusingmultiscalescenarioanalysis:Anoverviewandfutureagenda
forCanada’senergyscenarios
JudeHerijadiKurniawan(Presenter),VanessaSchweizer-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:Energyfuturesareclearlyanimportantelementinpolicy-anddecision-makingactivities,
howeverunderstandingtheimplicationsofglobalenergyscenariosatthenationallevelis
challengingbecauseassumptionsandmodelsdevelopedforglobalanalysesarenotnecessarily
appropriateforthelocalcontext.Fortunately,recentdevelopmentsinthefieldofforecastingin
energyandclimatechangeresearchopennewpossibilitiesforconceptualizingalternativefutures
thatarecomplex,meaningthattheyincludedetailsrelevantfordifferentsectorsandscales.This
developmentiscriticalinmanagingintentionaltransitionstowardanaffordableandsustainable
path.Ithasbeenrecognizedthatadangerofshort-term,piecemealapproachestoenergy
transitionsisthattheymaycausepath-dependenciesthatjeopardizelong-termsuccess.A
federationlikeCanadaneedstoespeciallywaryofthis,asjurisdictionalpowersaredivided
amongstthenationalgovernment,provinces,andmunicipalities.Theresearchobjectiveistopilot
anapproachtoco-createlow-carbonenergyfuturesusingaparticipatorymethodforscenario
planningbasedonamultiscalescenarioframework(i.e.SharedSocioeconomicPathways).This
researchemploysasystematicyetflexiblescenariomethodologycalledthecross-impactbalances
(CIB)anditsvariant,calledthelinked-CIBformultiscalescenarioanalysis.Thisresearchproject
offersasystematicexplorationofuncertaintiesoverabroaderspectrum(social/technical,
global/local).
Gatedcommunities,equity,andspatialfragmentationinGreaterAccra,Ghana
EmmanuelKyeremeh;HansonNyantakyi-Frimpong;GodwinArku
Abstract
Thepast15yearshavewitnessedaphenomenalgrowthinthenumberofgatedcommunitiesin
Ghana.Currently,thecountryhasclosetotwo-hundredregisteredgatedcommunities,ofwhich
approximately80%areinAccra,thenationalcapital.Drawingempiricalevidencefromselected
geographicallydistinctneighbourhoods,thispaperinvestigatestheform,functions,aswellas
residents’assessmentoflivingingatedcommunities.Itfurtherassessesthemainfactorsthatdraw
peopletoliveingatedresidentialneighbourhoods.Thestudywascarriedoutinearly2016through
arandomsurveyofgatedcommunityresidentsintheAccra-Temacityregion.Whiletheexisting
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scholarshipattributesthegrowthingatedcommunitiestourbancrimelevels,wefindthatitis
ratherprestigethatdrawspeopletoliveinsuchneighbourhoods.Further,ourempiricalfindings
showthatthesegatedsettlementsraiseseriousconcernswithrespecttospatialfragmentationand
socialexclusionofthepoorestsegmentoftheurbanpopulation.Weconcludebyhighlightingwhat
thesefindingsmeanfordevelopmentplanningandsocialjusticeinurbanspaces.
Keywords:Neighbourhoodenclosure;Gatedcommunities;equity;spatialfragmentation;Ghana
LandOwnershipandHIVTestingamongMarriedWomeninNigeria
EmmanuelK.Kyeremeh1*,YujiroSano2,RogerAntabe3andJosephA.Braimah3
1- DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada2- DepartmentofSociology,WesternUniversity,LondonCanada3- EnvironmentalHazardsandHealthLab,DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity,
LondonCanada
Abstract
Althoughithasbeenreportedthatmarriedwomenaredisproportionallyvulnerablecomparedto
highriskgroupsinNigeriasuchascommercialsexworkers,injectingdrugusers,andmenhaving
sexwithmen,onlyonequarterofmarriedwomenhavetestedforHIVserostatus.Althoughfactors
associatedwiththeuptakeofHIVtestinghavebeenwell-documented,itsassociationtowomen’s
landownershiphasbeenlargelymissinginsub-SaharanAfricaincludingNigeria.Drawingdata
fromthe2013NigeriaDemographicandHealthSurveyandapplyingthelogisticregression
technique,weexaminedtheimpactofmarriedwomen’slandownershipontestingforHIV,while
controllingfordemographic,behavioural,andsocioeconomicfactors.Wefoundthatland
ownershipamongmarriedwomenispositivelycorrelatedwithHIVtesting.Furthermore,women
withadequateknowledgeofHIVtransmissionandknowingsomeonewhodiedfromHIVwere
associatedwithHIVtesting.Wealsofoundthatricherandmoreeducatedmarriedwomenwere
morelikelytohavetestedforHIVcomparedwiththeirpoorerandlesseducatedcounterparts.
Basedonthesefindings,wesuggestmoregovernmentalinterventionsineradicatingsocialand
customarybarriersthatinhibitswomen’sownershipofresourcessuchasland.
KeyWords:HIV/AIDS;Nigeria;Landownership;Sero-status;DemographicandHealthSurvey
“Iwanttodevelopmyself,andmyvillage”:ACommunityApproachtoEducationintheLuang
PrabangRegion,Laos
Langill,JenniferC.
MAStudentinHumanGeography,UniversityofTorontoResearchconductedasBAHStudentinGlobalDevelopmentStudies,Queen’sUniversity
Email:[email protected]
Phone:647-636-7871
Abstract
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ThisstudyseekstounderstandthelivesofruralstudentswhomovedtoLuangPrabangtopursue
theireducation.ItattemptstofilloneofthemanygapsintheliteratureabouttheLaoP.D.R.andin
particularqualitativeunderstandingofeducation.Twelveparticipantsfromruralareaswhowere
studyinginthetownwereinterviewedabouttheirexperiencesandperspectivesabouteducation
andlivinginanurbanarea.Thispresentationofferstheresultsofthisresearch,basedupondirect
translationsofparticipantquotations.Theprimaryfindingwasastrongconnectionbetween
communityandeducation.Thiswasobservedthroughthreephasesofeducation:Thecommunity
efforttopursueeducation,acommunalatmosphereduringstudiesinthetown,anddesiresto
benefitthecommunitywithone’sformaleducation.Theresultsalsoindicatedanassumptionofthe
inherentvalueofeducation,sacrificesforeducation,andalowqualityofeducation.Thefindings
illustratethecommitmentoftheparticipantsandtheircommunitytotheirformaleducation.This
presentationconsiderstheseresultsinthebroadereducationliterature,byquestioningthe
intrinsicvalueofeducationandconsideringalternativeeducationandeducationbeyondschooling.
Itconcludesthattheeducationsystemandexperiencesofstudentsmovingtourbanareasfor
educationinLaosisveryunique,particularlytheinterpretedcommunityapproachtoeducation.
ThepresentationclosesbyofferingsuggestionsforfurtherresearchoneducationandtheLao
P.D.R.
Keywords
LaoPDR–EducationforDevelopment–CommunityObligation–StudentLiving
Acknowledgements
ThisresearchwassupervisedbyDr.VilliaM.Jefremovas.
20YearsLater-Evolutionor(De)EvolutionofOntarioGreatLakesShorelineManagement
Plans,1995-2015:ACaseStudyofElginCounty.
PatrickLawrence,DepartmentofGeographyandPlanning,UniversityofToledo,OH
[email protected](&UWGeographyAlumnus,BES1989,PhD1996)
In1995thefirstpoliciesandprogramsleadingtothedevelopmentofOntario-GreatLakes
ShorelineManagementPlans(SMPs)wereimplementedbytheProvinceofOntarioviadeliveryby
theMinistryofNaturalResources(MNR).Inthesubsequentyearsnumerousplanswerecompleted
byConservationAuthorities(CAs)orMNRDistrictOfficescoveringlargesectionsoftheGreatLakes
shorelinewithintheProvinceandvarioustechnicalandpolicysupportguidelinesand
requirementsweredevelopmentandutilized.From1989-1993variousCAscompletedSMPsthat
coveredtheLakeErieshorelinewithinElginCounty.Withinthoseplansovertwodecadesold,and
withrecentchangestotheElginCounty(EC)OfficialPlanin2012,aSMPspecifictoElginCounty
wasundertakenandcompletedin2015.Thispaperreviewsthemajormanagementandplanning
conceptsandcomponentsinthe2015ECSMPinreferencetotheroleandimpactofbroader
ecosystemplanning,integratedcoastalmanagement,andconservationprinciplesthathave
emergedoverthelast20yearsandinfluencedcoastalmanagementandplanningworldwide.The
intentistoaskwhetherthe2015plantrulyreflectsthoseidealsandwhetherthepasttwodecades
havetrulyseenimprovementsandadvancementsinthethinkingandapplicationofplanning
innovationsorwhetherlittleifanysuchprogresshasbeenmade.
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Environmentalmanagement,planning,GreatLakes,waterresources
Title:Assessingtheimpactsandperceptionsofsmartgridinterventionsonsuburbanresidential
energyculture
Submissiontype:Oralpaperpresentation
Authors:Lazowski,B.,Parker,P.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,
UniversityofWaterloo)andRowlands,I.H.(SchoolofEnvironment,ResourcesandSustainability,
UniversityofWaterloo)
Keywords:Demandsidemanagement(DSM);Intervention;Smartgrid;Energycultures
Abstract:
Smartgridengagementtools(e.g.,webportal,reminders)areimportanttoreduceresidential
electricityconsumption,butwhicharethemosteffectivetoachieveresidentialconservation
culture?Insightsforsmartgridpolicyandprogramdevelopmentareidentifiedfromaqualitative
analysisofaresidentialsmartgridprojectinasuburbofToronto,Canada.Severalproject
interventionswereimplementedoverthreeyears.Insightsgatheredfromthiscasestudywere
appliedtoStephensonetal.’s(2010)EnergyCulturesframework,toidentifyfactorsinfluencinga
residential‘smart’energyculture.Structuredqualitativeinterviewsevaluatedtheinterventions’
impactsonparticipants’cognitivenorms(attitudes,awareness,motivationsandbarrierstowards
conservation),materialculture(technicalchanges)andenergypractices(conservationactions).
Interventionsparticipantsperceivedas‘effective’forshiftingenergyculturearethefocusofthis
study,including:thewebportal,reminderemails,webinars,incentivizedcontrolprogramand
weeklyelectricityreports.Increasesinself-reportedawarenessandactionlevelswereaccounted
for,withthewebportalandweeklynewslettercausingthesechanges.Futuresmartgridpolicyand
programscouldbenefitfromprivateandcomparativefeedbackthroughwebportalandnewsletter
feedbacktools.Withlifestyleandconveniencehighlightedassignificantconservationbarriers,
user-friendlyengagementthroughmobileapplicationsaccessibleonmultipledeviceswere
identifiedaskeydirectionsforfutureprojects.
Abstract:
Title:Re-examinationoftheSempleandPhippsmodelofthedispersionofcorporate
headquarters
Presenters:MartinRLefebvreandGrantLMorin
Thedispersionofcorporateheadquartersisararelydiscussedtopicwithineconomicgeography.
Thispaperreturnstothisareawithare-examinationofthehighlycitedSempleandPhippsmodel
ofthedispersionofcorporateheadquarters.AccesstoadditionaldatafromMoody’sbusiness
annualof1920and1930,aswellasCompustatpubliclytradedfirmdatafortheperiod1950to
2015.AsphericalapplicationofRipley’sKasdescribedbyRobeson,Li,andHuang(2015)multi
range-bandinsightintotheclusteringanddiffusionofheadquarters.Furtherexaminationofthe
newdataprovidesinsightmorealignedtothatoftheTaaffe,Morell,andGouldmodelof
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transportationdevelopment.
Affiliation:UniversityofWesternOntario
KeyWords:Corporateheadquarters,ClusterAnalysis,SpatialAnalysis,UnitedStates
StatisticalDownscalingFutureSoilTemperatureataNorthernAirportinQuebec
AndrewC.W.Leung1,TanzinaMohsin1,WilliamA.Gough1� 1ClimateLaboratory,DepartmentofPhysical&EnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofTorontoScarborough
WithArcticregionbeingoneoftheareasexperiencingfastestwarmingintheworld,weseekto
determinethelongtermtrendsandfutureprojectionsofsoiltemperatureinnorthernCanada.
Using28yearsofsoiltemperaturefrom5cmto150cmdepthatKuujjuaq,Quebec,weidentifieda
significantwarmingrateofapproximately0.9oCperdecadeat5cmsoildepthfrom1967to1995.
Wethenusedstatisticaldownscalingsoftware(SDSM)toassessifitcanbeappliedtoprojectfuture
soiltemperature,afirstforthissoftwaretobeusedonsubterrainprocesses.Wefoundthatthe
softwarewasabletoreasonablyprojectmeanand,toaslightlylesserextent,minimumsoil
temperaturebutnotasaccuratelyformaximumsoiltemperature.Thismaystemfromthesoftware
beingdesignedandcalibratedforweatherconditionsabovesurface.Thevariationoftemperature
reducesbelowsurfaceduetosoilandsnow.Thefuturesoiltemperaturewasprojectedupto2100.
Weevaluatetheimpactsofsoiltemperaturechangeonairportoperationssuchasthevulnerability
ofterminalsbuiltontopofthepermafrostandcapabilitytohandleheavyaircraftduetoreduced
structuralstrengthoficeunderneath.
Keywords:climatechangeimpacts,aviation,modelling,downscaling
Title:Theimportanceofuser’sperceptionsofrecreationalanddrinkingwaterinpromoting
sustainablewaterresourcesmanagement:�AcasestudyoftworuralwatertownshipsineasternChina
Li,SabrinaandElliott,SusanJ.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,
UniversityofWaterloo)
Despitenotableeconomicbenefits,rapidtourismexpansionindevelopingcountriescanhave
adverseenvironmentalimpacts,suchasthedeteriorationofwaterresourcesandwaterquality.
Thiscallsfortheincreasingneedofsustainablepracticesinwatermanagementtomitigatethe
depletionofwaterresources.Publicperceptionofwaterconsumption,waterquality,andthe
impactsoftourismonwaterqualityareimportantfactorstoconsiderwhenevaluatingwater
sustainability.Inthisstudy,atotalof274participants(residents,tourists,andlocalbusiness
vendors)fromtwowatertownships,HongcunandZhouzhuang,weresurveyed.Resultsshowthata
significantnumberofparticipantsfrombothtownshipsagreethatwaterconsumptionhas
increasedwhilewaterqualityhasdeclinedinrecentyears.However,theimpactsoftourismon
waterqualityarenotclearamongtheresidentsinHongcun.Despitethelackofasewersystem,
someofHongcun’sresidentsstillretrievedrinkingwaterfromthevillagecanals,whichis
susceptibletocontaminationfrompaint,detergent,andcookingoil.Ontheotherhand,
Zhouzhuang’sincreasingdevelopmentintourisminfrastructurehasoutpacedtheexpansionofits
sewernetwork,whichmayleadtosubsequentproblemsinbothrecreationalanddrinkingwater
quality.Duetovaryinggeographies,economies,andsocialenvironments,HongcunandZhouzhuang
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haveinherentlydifferentwatermanagementpractices.Tourists,residents,andbusinessesshould
bemadeawareoftheimpactsoftourismonlocalwaterquality,andtheirroleinprotectingwater
qualitytopreservetheculturalauthenticityofthesetownships.
Keywords:recreationalwater,ruraltourism,sustainability,China
LettheLessonsFlow:TransformingHardshipsintheFieldintoaNewResearcherSkillset
Author:DanielleLindamood
Whenscientiststrytounderstandsocialandenvironmentalchangeinacountryforeigntothem,
theyencountersurprisesandchallenges.IwenttoIndiaformyfieldworktobetterunderstandhow
wecanachievegoalslikeuniversalaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation.Withmyhomebasein
Bangalore,Karnataka,India,Iconductedsemi-structuredinterviewsandfocusgroupswitharange
ofpeopleincommunities,theNGOsector,government,andacademia.Duringmyworkwiththese
diversegroups,Icameacrossavarietyofpolitical,cultural,economic,andsociallandscapes.My
fieldworkyieldedimportantinsightsintotheeffectivenessofwatergovernanceanditsmechanisms
inIndia.However,duringthedifferentstagesofthiswork,numerousunexpecteddevelopments
emergedandthreatenedtoderailmyresearchandpersonalwellbeing.Throughovercomingthese
unexpectedchallenges(e.g.,adaptingtochangesinresearchdesign,navigatinggenderrelationsina
newculturalcontext),Ilearnedtheimportanceofmynetwork,myworldview,andthevalueof
engaginginqualitativeresearch.Mostofall,Ilearnedthefieldisagreatteacherforthoseequipped
withtherightskillstosurvive.
ShouldDriverlessCarsStillNeedRoadMaps?
LingfeiMa,MScStudent,[email protected]
JonathanLi*,Professor,[email protected]
SimonH.Zhao,MScStudent,[email protected]
WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo
200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1
ABSTRACT
Multiplesensorsonboardcarshelpthemnavigatelanesandpreventcrashingintovehiclesinfront,
buttheyarestillpronetoerrors.Theycannotalwaysdealwithcomplexroadpatterns,likewhich
lanethecarshouldtaketoexitahighway.Assuch,driverlesscarsstillhavetorelyonroadmaps,
butin3Dwithmuchmoredetailsthanthatoftoday’snavigationmaps.Onlyacombinationofsuch
3Dmapsandonboardsensorscouldhelpdriverlesscarsnavigatemulti-lanehighwaysandbusy
junctionsmoreaccurately.Whatkindoftechnologycouldmapthelayoutandinclinationofroadsin
3Drapidlyandaccuratelyandcollectdetailslikelocationsofroadsigns,trafficlightsand
pedestriancrossingsinthecomplexroadenvironment?Thisposterpresentsdriverlesscars’
requirementson3Dhigh-definitionroadmaps,followedbydemonstratingthepotentialofa
vehicle-bornemobilelaserscanning(oramobileLiDAR)systemtomakesuch3Dmaps.High-
density(c.a.6000points/m²)pointcloudswereacquiredinXiamen,ChinabyaRIEGLVMX-450
systemandusedinthisstudy.Ourpreliminaryresultsdemonstratedthattheroadedgescouldbe
automaticallyextractedandtheroadsurfacemarkingscouldbeaccuratelyclassifiedfromthepoint
clouddata.Quantitativeevaluationsindicatedthatroadboundariescanbeextractedwith
completeness,correctness,qualityof0.95,0.98,0.94,andthatroadmarkingsbeclassifiedwith
completeness,correctness,andF-measureof0.93,0.92,and0.93,respectively.Ourstudyapproved
thatmobileLiDARisaverypowerfultooltomapCanada’smillionkilometresofhighways.
92
Keywords:driverlesscars,mobileLiDAR,pointclouds,3Droadmaps.
SusceptibilityandRiskAssessmentofEarthquake-inducedLandslidesUsingAnUAV-based
Approach
RuiLIU*¹²,VisitingScholar,[email protected]
SaiedPirasteh²,PhDstudent,[email protected]
JonathanLi²,Professor,[email protected]
¹StateKeyLaboratoryofGeohazardPreventionandGeoenvironmentProtection
CollegeofGeophysics,ChengduUniversityofTechnology
Chengdu,Sichuan610059,China
²WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo
200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1
ABSTRACT
AMS7.0earthquakeoccurredonApril20,2013inLushanCounty,SichuanProvinceofChina.This
earthquake triggered a largenumberof landslides.High-spatial-resolution imageswere acquired
by an Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) to investigate earthquake-induced landslides after the
hazardhappened.Thisposterpresentsthreemodels(logisticregression,supportvectormachine,
random forest) that were used to study the rule of susceptibility distribution of earthquakes-
induced landslides. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve and ratio
wereusedinevaluatingthemodels’accuracyandassessingthesusceptibility.Ourstudyrevealed
that the random forestmodel has thehighest ratio (2.07) as compared to the logistic regression
(1.78)andsupportvectormachine(1.90).Theresultsshowthattherandomforestmodelhasthe
bestperformanceinthesusceptibilityassessmentofearthquake-inducedlandslidesintheLushan
area.
Keywords:landslide,randomforest,logisticregression,supportvectormachine,receiver-
operatingcharacteristiccurve.
AssessmentofCultivatedLandPressureStatusinChina
XiaofangLiu1,MEStudent,[email protected]
YajieZhang*1,2,AssociateProfessorandVisitingScholar,[email protected]
JonathanLi2,Professor,[email protected]
LingfeiMa2,MScStudent,[email protected]
1SchoolofResourceandEnvironmentalSciences,WuhanUniversity
129LuoyuRoad,Wuhan430079,China
2WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo
200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1
ABSTRACT
93
Due to large population and unevenly distribution of productive resources, the relationship
between population and food varies in different regions in China. It is very useful to conduct a
research of cultivated land pressure distribution within the Chinese territory. Most of existing
studies about cultivated land pressure focused on the small range and short time span, which
cannotmeettherequirementforpolicy-makerstograspthewholeviewofcultivatedlandqualityat
thenationallevel.Thechangeofcultivatedlandpressureindexcanquantitativelyreflecttheearing
capacityofresourcesandthelargestpopulationwithinthenationalandprovincialadministrative
regions. In this poster, according to the cultivated land pressure index model presented by Cai
(2002), statistical data such as population, food production, and arable land areas from 1978 to
2012inChinawerecollected.Then,quantitativeanalysisandqualitativeanalysiswereconducted
tocalculatecultivatedlandpressureindexfrom1978to2012toanalyzechangetrendandrevealed
influence factors of cultivated land pressure index. Additionally, this poster indicated spatial
differentiation characteristics and regularity in terms of resources endowment, agricultural
resources, production conditions, social and economic development status by using system
clustering analysis method, which can be helpful to policy-makers for land use planning and
cultivatedlandprotectioninfuture.
Keywords:cultivatedland,pressureindex,systemclusteringanalysis,landuse.
Investigatinggrasslandpropertiesusinghelicopter-acquiredhigh-spatialresolution
hyperspectralimagery
BingLu,CameronProctor,YuhongHe
DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofTorontoMississauga
3359MississaugaRoad,Mississauga,ON,L5L1C6
Grasslandbiochemicalandbiophysicalproperties(e.g.,chlorophyllcontent,leafareaindex(LAI))
areessentialparametersforquantifyingthephysiologicalstatusofvegetation.Remotesensing
technologyprovidesanefficientapproachtoinvestigatethespatio-temporalvariationsofthese
properties.However,applicationsofremotesensingimageryforestimatingvegetation
propertiesareoftenlimitedbyitsspatialandspectralresolution.Forinstance,imagerywithlow
spatialresolution(e.g.,decameters)isincapableofdetectingspecies-level(e.g.,decimeters)
grasslandpropertiessincegrassesaregenerallysmallinsizeanddifferentspeciesarehighlymixed.
Similarly,imagerywithlowspectralresolution(i.e.,withafewbands)istechnicallyincapablefor
measuringdiscretespectralfeaturesoccurringinanarrowwavelengthrangethatarecriticalfor
investigatingvegetationproperties.Yet,acquiringimagerywithbothhighspatialandhighspectral
resolutionischallenginggiventhetechnicalcomplexityandfinancialcosts.Thisstudyexploredthe
useofahyperspectralsensor(HeadwallPhotonics,Fitchburg,USA)mountedona
helicopter(FourseasonsAviation,Toronto,Canada)fortheacquisitionofhigh-spatialresolution
hyperspectralimagery.Thehelicopterwasoperatedatapproximate200mabovegroundinatall
grasslandinOntarioandobtainedimagerywithaspatialresolutionofabout30cm.Theacquired
imagerywasfirstlyradiometricallyandgeometricallycorrected,andthenitsqualitywasevaluated
usinggroundmeasuredspectraldata.Afterthat,theimagerywasappliedtoestimategrassland
properties.Resultsindicatethatgrasslandproperties(e.g.LAI,chlorophyllcontent)canbe
accuratelyretrievedfromacquiredhyperspectralimageryandspatialvariationsoftheseproperties
werealsoinvestigated.
Keywords:grassland,remotesensing,hyperspectral,highspatialresolution.
94
Title:EvaluationofMunicipalGovernmentMobileApplicationsfor311ServiceRequests
Authors:QingLu(MScCandidate,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,
UniversityofWaterloo),PeterJohnson(AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofGeographyand
EnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo)
Abstract:Citygovernmentsaroundtheworldareexpandingtheirwaysofconnectingtocitizensby
adoptingnewinformationandcommunicationtechnologies(ICT).311isoriginallyadirectcallline
that allows citizens to report issues and access non-emergencymunicipal services, andweb and
mobileapplicationshavebeendevelopedtocreateadditionalplatformsforcitizenstocontactthe
government. This paper characterizes the use ofmultiple 311 channels in the City of Edmonton,
Canada, including telephone, email,web form andmobile app. Three years of request datawere
analyzed by comparing relative share of service request for each channel and by extracting the
spatial patterns of the requests. A regression model was also built to explore the relationships
betweenchanneluseandsociodemographicvariables.Theanalysisresultsshowashiftinchannel
usagefromtraditionaltoInternet-enabledchannels,andthatspecificdigitalinequalitiesexistthat
reinforce this distinction between traditional and Internet-enabled channels. The paper also
presents results of interviews with six municipalities that provide multiple 311 channels.
Respondents compared different channels and indicated advantages and challenges of adopting
new channels from governments perspectives. It is concluded thatmobile appswith advantages
such as cost-efficiency have potentials tomove governments towards open government, but the
currentusageisstillatanearlystageandposeschallengestoplayabiggerrole.
Keywords:311service,mobilegovernment,opengovernment,digitaldivide
ExperiencesofCommunityGardensParticipantsinDifferentTypesofGardeningSpaces
AdrianLue–M.ACandidate,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto
Dr.TenleyConway,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofToronto,Mississauga
Keywords:CommunityGardens,CommunityDevelopment,UrbanSustainability,UrbanGreening
Communitygardensprovideanumberofpersonal,social,andcommunitybenefitsforthemembers
thatattendthem.Traditionally,thesegardensarelocatedonplotsofgroundinparksoronvacant
landindowntowncoresaswellassuburbanneighborhoods.However,rooftopgardensare
becomingincreasinglypopularasalternativegardeningspacesinareaswhereurbandevelopment
hasconsumedviablegreenspace.Whilerooftopgardensholdthepotentialtoprovidebenefits
similartotraditionalon-the-groundcommunitygardens,itisuncleariftheexperiencesof
participantsarethesame,asnopreviousstudyhasexploredtheexperiencesofrooftopgardening
andstreetlevelcommunitygardenerssimultaneously.
Thisresearchprojectfocusesontheexperiencesofcommunitygardeningparticipantsinsuburban
MississaugaanddowntownToronto,includingbothstreetlevelandrooftopgardens.Written
surveysweredistributedtosevengardenstogaugethebenefits,concerns,andchallengesthat
participantsexperiencedintheirrespectivegardeningspaces.
ParticipantsinstreetlevelsuburbancommunitygardensinMississaugaidentifiedhobbyprovision,
socialengagementandaccesstohealthyfoodasprimarybenefitsofusingtheirgardeningspace.
ParticipantsinToronto’srooftopgardensexperiencedsimilarbenefits,butresponsesseemto
indicatethataspectsofurbanandenvironmentalsustainabilitywereimportantconsiderationsfor
theirinvolvementintheirrespectivegardens.Theseandothercomparisonsbetweengardens
experienceswillbepresentedandthebroaderimplicationsdiscussed
95
Title:UsingtheTeaBagIndextocharacterizedecompositionrateinrestoredpeatlands
MacDonald,E.,Gauthier,T.,Elliott,J.,Turmel-Courchesne,L.,Touchette,S.,Bieniada,A.,Saraswati,
S.,Engering,A.,Strack,M.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,University
ofWaterloo)
Decomposition,thebreakdownoforganicmaterial,isakeyprocessforrecyclingnutrients
withinanecosystem.Therateofdecompositionisstronglyregulatedbyenvironmentalconditions
suchastemperature,watercontentandsubstrateavailability.Peatlandscharacteristically
accumulateorganicmatterduetolowdecompositionrates,butpeatlanddisturbancealterslocal
physicochemicalconditionsoftenresultinginlossofsoilorganicmatterandemissionofCO2.While
restorationcanreturnpeataccumulatingfunction,traditionalmeasurementsofdecompositionare
timeconsuming.TheTeaBagIndexisasimplestandardizedmethodtomeasuredecomposition
ratesusingcommerciallyproducedgreenandrooibosteabags.Pairsof150teabagswereburiedat
peatlandsusedforpeatextractionanddisturbedbyoilsandextraction(formerwell-sites)in
northernAlberta,centralManitoba,andsouthernQuebec.Ateachsiterestorationactivitieshad
beenappliedandthisrestoredsitewascomparedtoundisturbedpeatlandandwhereavailable,
disturbed,unrestoredsites.Theteabagswereweighedbeforeandafterbeingburiedforthree
months.Soiltemperatureat5cm,10cm,andwatertabledatawascollectedfromMaytoAugust.
Comparisonofdecompositionratesamongalllocationsfoundnosignificantdifferencebetween
restored,unrestored,disturbedorundisturbedsites.However;comparisonwithinlocationsfound
astatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenthedisturbedandundisturbedsitesincentral
Manitoba,butwasnotfoundtobesignificantfortheotherlocations.Thedatacollectedherewill
contributetoacollaborativeglobaldatasetofdecompositionratestomeasurethepotentialeffects
ofclimatechange.
Keywords:decomposition,peatlands,landscapemanagement
EvaluatingretrievalsofsoilmoisturefromC-BandSARtochangesinvegetationacrosstwo
growingseasons
JoshMacDougall,AaronBerg(Professor/Advisor-UniversityofGuelph),TracyRowlandson
(Researchscientist–UniversityofGuelph),ElenéUeckermann(MScCandidate–Universityof
Guelph),JenelleWhite(MScCandidate–UniversityofGuelph)
DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON
Keywords:RADARSAT-2,Agriculture,SoilMoisture
Soilmoistureestimatescanhaveasignificantroleinmonitoringandpredictingextremeevents
suchasdroughts.Ground-basedobservationsareusefulbutlackspatialdistribution.Numerous
studieshavedemonstratedtheabilitytoestimatesoilmoistureusingC-BandSAR.AtC-Band,the
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retrievalofsoilmoistureishighlyimpactedbyvegetationgrowth.Tounderstandtheapplicability
ofsoilmoistureretrievalsduringthegrowingseasonitisusefultodemonstratetheaccuracyofsoil
moistureestimatesrelativetovegetationparameters.
LAI and vegetation water content were monitored over several agricultural fields in 2015 and
2016.Soilmoisturewasmonitoredusinganin-situnetworkacrossthesamefields.RADARASAT-2
acquisitionsobtainedduringthegrowingseasonswereusedtoderiveasoilmoistureestimateat
thefieldscaleandwerecomparedtothenetworksites.Theestimatedsoilmoistureproductfrom
RADARSAT-2 did not show a discernible relationshipwith the observed soilmoisture. However,
manyoftheRADARSAT-2acquisitionsoccurredaftersignificantcanopydevelopment,whereithas
beenwelldocumentedthatretrievalerrorsincrease.ToassesssensitivityofRADARbackscatterto
vegetationgrowth,HV,HH,VVbackscatterwas compared to thevegetationparametersobtained
from each field. The strongest relationships between the vegetation parameters were observed
withHV.However,saturationofthebackscattersignaloccurredatapproximately2.5kgm-2VWC
and2.3m2m-2LAI.Thishighlights theneed to establish the relationshipbetween thebackscatter
and vegetation to determine when during the growing season RADARSAT-2 can be utilized for
accuratesoilmoistureretrieval.
TheEverydayHealthExperiencesofSouthSudaneseCanadiansinOttawa:AFeminist
PoliticalEcologyofHealthPerspective
KatieMacPherson,M.A.Candidate,GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,CarletonUniversity
Amidstoneofthelongestcivilwarsinhistory,millionsofSudaneseandSouthSudanesehave
fledSudan,seekingrefugeinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.Currently,therearealmosttwenty
thousandoftheseimmigrantsandrefugeeslivinginCanada.Researchsuggeststhatdespiteaccess
tohealthcare,bothpsychologicalandphysicalhealthissuescontinuetomountwithintheSouth
Sudanesediaspora.However,researchinthisareaisstillscant,andespeciallyfailstoaccountfor
theuniqueexperiencesoftheSouthSudanese,andhowtheseexperiencesimpacthealth.Themain
goalofthisprojectistoexplorewhypoorhealthpersistsinthecontextoflifeinCanada,and
understandhowitmaybelinkedtotheexperienceofmigration.Withtheapplicationofafeminist
politicalecologyofhealthframeworkandtheuseoffocusgroupandsemi-structuredinterview
methods,thisprojectseekstoinvestigatetheeverydayexperiencesofSouthSudaneseCanadiansin
Ottawa,andtheirrelationtoexperiencesofhealth.Particularattentionispaidtopre-migration
experiences,migrationroutes,post-migrationstressors,andthegendereddimensionsofthese
experiences.
Keyconcepts:migration,health,gender,politicalecology
Title:Soilrewettingabilityonatransectofsoilorganiccarbonwithsandsoiltexture.
Author:HidaManns,TrentSchooloftheEnvironment,TrentUniversity,Peterborough,ON
Thelackofwaterretentionabilityinsandsoilsalsolimitstheirabilitytosustainsoilorganiccarbon
(SOC)limitingthechanceforarangeofSOCtobecomeestablished.AtransectofSOCwas
establishedfromarangeoflanduseonsubsoilsandoveranareaof50m2.Theareawascomposed
of3differencelandusesover25yearsresultingin;1)subsoilsandwithlightgrassvegetation,2)
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anareathathadbeentilledandenrichedwithfrequentcompostmulch25yearsagoandthenleftto
pasturefor10yearsand3)anareathatwasmulchedfortheprevious15yearsforvegetables
betweenrowsofnativegrasses.Soilsweresampledwithathetaprobemoisturesensorinthe
surface5cmat1mintervalsin3continuoustransects(~27samplepoints)forsoilwatercontent
(SWC)beforeandafter~1cmofrainfollowinghotdryweatherinJuly2016.Replicatesoilcores
weretakento10cmdepthineachareaforSOCmeasurement..SWC(v/v)wassignificantly
increased(p<0.001)inthecurrentgardenareacomparedtotheexistingandrestoredpastureat
bothsamplingtimes.ThechangeinSWCfollowingrainfall,averagedforeachofthe3areas,was
exponentiallyincreasedwithSOClevels(SWC=0.0107*SOC4.33,r2=1).Thisstudydemonstrates
howtheSOClevelchangeswithlandusemanagementandtheinfluenceofSOConthewater
holdingcapacityofsoil.
Keywords:Soilorganiccarbon,Soilwatercontent,sandsoiltexture,landusemanagement
RuralCommunityConflictandBiosolidFacilitySiting:Wherearewenow?
SarahMason-Renton1andIsaacLuginaah1
1. GeographyDepartment,UniversityofWesternOntario
Keywords:FacilitySiting;RuralGeography;SenseofPlace;WasteProcessing
When assessing techno-industrial developments it is important to consider how these industries
areaffectingresidents’emotionalgeographiesandchangingsenseofplace.Ruralcommunitiesare
changing as exurban residents in migrate with differing expectations than members of the
surrounding agricultural community and this is impacting residents’ response to potentially
noxioustechno-industrialdevelopments intheircommunitythatarealsoseenasbeingbeneficial
for the local agricultural economy. In the Township of Southgate, Ontario a regional biosolid
(sewage sludge) processing facility went through a hostile siting process in 2011 – 2012 and
becameoperationalin2013.Thisresearchexploresresidents’perceptionsofandresponsestothe
developmentofthisfacilityandbroaderchangesthathaveoccurredintheircommunity.Utilizing
in-depthinterviews,thispaperexaminesnarrativesaroundfeelingsof‘community’anddefinitions
of ‘rural’ in Southgate Township aswell as further examining the impacts experienced as fallout
from the contentious facility siting anddevelopment process andnow its operational stage. This
longitudinal work draws on theoretical constructs of rural sociology, sensual and emotional
geographiesandthepastoralrurallandscapeandissituatedwithinthewiderconceptualizationof
therisksociety.
AnOperationalWinterSeverityIndexforWinterHighwayMaintenanceinOntario,Canada
LindsayMatthews*
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University
AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.
*CorrespondingauthorE-mail:[email protected]
JeanAndrey
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University
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AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,[email protected]
IvanMinokhin
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University
AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,[email protected]
MaxPerchanok
MaintenanceBranch,OntarioMinistryofTransportation,301StPaulStreet,St.Catharines,Ontario,
L2R3M8,[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Snowandicecontrolprogramsarecritical forthesafeandefficientuseofroadwaysinallwinter
climates. There is an increasing demand for tools that help road authorities to assess and
communicate snow and ice control programs. Winter severity indices (WSI) that measure the
severityofwinterweatherconditionsastheyrelatetoroadmaintenancepracticesareonetoolthat
hasbeengaining increasing interest. Thechallenge is todevelopaWSI thataccuratelyexplains
temporalandspatialvariationsinroadmaintenanceactivitiesacrossdiversegeographicareas.In
thispaper,amethodfordevelopingaprovince-wideWSIisdescribedusingacasestudyapproach
ontheprovincialhighwaysystemofOntario,Canada.Thismethodologycombinestheuseofexpert
knowledge and mathematical optimization to develop a WSI that assigns daily weather scores
basedoneightweathertriggersandonewarmweatheradjustment factor.Thesedailyscoresare
thenaggregatedtothe14-dayperiodandarecorrelatedtomaintenanceactivities,asmeasuredby
equipment hours.Whenmeasured as equipment hours, theWSI forOntario provincial highways
hasastrongfitwithmaintenanceactivitythatoccurred.Workingatthe14-daylevel,theR2values
for equipment-hours vary from 0.588 to 0.985 for the 20 maintenance areas over seven
maintenanceseasons.Attheprovinciallevel,fitimprovesfurthertobetween0.959and0.989over
sevenseasons.Thisstudydemonstratestheutilityofaprovince-wideWSIanddescribeshowaWSI
canbedevelopedforroadauthorities.
KEYWORDS
WinterSeverityIndex,WinterRoadMaintenance,Weather,TransportationPlanning
Author:AndrewMcCartan
Affiliation:BrockUniversity
Titleofpaper:PoliticsthatParty:ExaminingtwoalternativeLGBTPrideeventsinGlasgow
LGBTPrideeventsworldwidearedisruptivetotheheterosexualnormsconstitutingpublicspaceby
making visible LGBT people with their demands for political and social acknowledgment and
inclusion. While some LGBT people still view contemporary Pride events to be successfully
continuingthischallengetonormativeheterosexualexpectationsinpublicspace,thereareothers
whodonot. InGlasgow,queeractivist groupFreePride formed to createanalternativeevent to
Pride Glasgow’s annual festival for the last two years.While Pride Glasgow continues to use its
spacetochallengeheteronormativityinthewayitseesfit,thispaperarguesthatFreePrideismore
concerned with challenging the normativity present within Glasgow’s LGBT community. Seeing
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PrideGlasgow’seventasadepoliticizedversionofamoreradicalqueerpast,FreePrideworksto
createamoreinclusiveandpoliticaleventspace.Byfocusingoninterviewswiththekeyplayersin
FreePride, thispaperwillexaminehowthegroupcritiquesPrideGlasgow,andhowthis fits into
academicdiscussionsonhomonormativityandcommodification.Throughexamininghowthetwo
groups in Glasgowwork to constitute their Pride spaces in light of their understandings of how
spaceshouldbeusedtochallengenormativity,thispaperwillargueforamorefluidunderstanding
ofPrideeventsthatmovespastthediscursivebinaryofqueerassimilationandtransgression.
Keywords:queer,sexualities,festivals,publicspace
ExamininginitiativestoreintroduceIndigenouscultivationandmanagementpracticesin
State-ledparksandprotectedareas
By:SamanthaMcGee,JenniferJ.Silver,andRobinRoth(DepartmentofGeography,Universityof
Guelph)[email protected]
WithinBritishColumbia,therehasbeenarecentemergenceofnewparksandprotectedareas
undernewlyestablishedparkdesignationsbothfederallyandprovincially.Theseparksareleading
theimplementationofIndigenouscultivationandmanagementpracticescreatingopportunitiesfor
agencieslikeParksCanadaandBCParkstobetterbalanceecologicalmandateswithFirstNations
relationshipbuildingandreconciliation.However,thecreationofnewparkdesignationsraisesthe
questionofwhytheseinitiativescannotbeimplementedwithinexistingparkstructures.
Thisresearchexaminesthemotivationsandassociatedchallengesbehindculturalreintroduction
andreconstructionprojectswithinstate-ledparksandprotectedareasinBritishColumbiaand
analysestheimplementationandfuturepotentialoftheclamgardenreconstructionproject
currentlyoccurringinGulfIslandsNationalParkReserve(GINPR).Datawascollectedthrough
participantobservationandsemi-structuredinterviewswithParksCanadaandBCParksstaff
membersinvolvedinculturalreintroductionprojectsacrosscoastalparksandprotectedareasin
BC.
InitialfindingsshowthatoneofthekeymotivationsforreintroducingIndigenousmanagement
practicesistoproactivelyfacilitatethereturnofcommunitiestotheirtraditionalterritoriesaswell
astocatalyzethe(re)connectionbetweenFirstNationseldersandyouth.Participantsalsostated
thattheseinitiativeshelptomeettheecologicalintegritymandatesoftheirparks,creatingboth
socialandconservationbenefits.However,intervieweessuggestedthatthestructureofthePark(s)
ActatthefederalandprovinciallevelmaylimitthefurtherimplementationofIndigenous
cultivationandharvestingpracticeswithinstate-ledparksandprotectedareas.
Keywords:State-ledparks,Conservation,FirstNationsmanagementpractices,Park(s)Act
Effectofbiocharonsoilhealth,greenhousegasemissionsand
climatechangeresilience
Mechler,M.A.,Oelberman,M.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmental
Management,UniversityofWaterloo)
Abstract:
Whilebiocharasasoilamendmentisnotanovelconcept,theadditionofbiocharintotemperate
agriculturalsoilsrepresentsarelativelynewterritory.Biocharissimplycharcoaladdedtosoilwith
thepurposeofretainingandmakingmoistureandnutrientsaccessibletoplants,storingcarbon,
andincreasingsurfaceareafornutrientexchangeandmicrobialgrowth(Koide,Petprakob,&
Peoples,2011).Thisprojectaimstoinvestigatenutrientandbiocharregimesinatraditional
temperateagriculturalsetting.Thisproject,locatedinHuronCounty,iscurrentlythelargestlong-
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termcommercialfarmingbiocharfieldtrialanddemonstrationsiteinOntario.
Threedifferingtreatmentshavebeenimplemented,andreplicated3timeseach.Eachrandomly
placedreplicateiscarriedoutina10x10mplotwitha1mbufferfromtheborderanda3mborder
betweenplots.Thefirsttreatmentconsistsofpoultrymanuresourcedfromthefarm(6t/ha)and
commercialnitrogenfertilizer(urea)(135kg/ha).Thesecondtreatmentconsistsofthesame
manure(3t/ha)andbiochar(woodsourcematerial)(3t/ha).Thefinaltreatmentconsistsofmanure
(3t/ha),commercialfertilizer(urea)(135kg/ha),andbiochar(3t/ha).Thechickens,fromwhichthe
manureissourced,havebeenfeda~1%charcoalfeed.Therefore,themanureoffersasourceof
nutrientsaturatedbiochar.Dataispresentlybeingcollectedandanalyzedtoassesstheeffectof
biocharonnutrientlevels,soilhealth(physicalandecological),greenhousegasemissions,and
long-termsoilcarbonalterations.Thehopeisthatthesefindingmightinformfarmersofnew
economicopportunities.(245words).
KeyWords:Biochar,CarbonStorage,SoilHealth,GreenhouseGasEmissions,SoilAmendment
Koide,R.T.,Petprakob,K.,&Peoples,M.(2011).Quantitativeanalysisof
biocharinfieldsoil.SoilBiologyandBiochemistry,43(7),1563–1568.
doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.04.006
UseofphotosyntheticpigmentstotrackhydroecologicalconditionsoflakesinthePeace-
AthabascaDelta,afloodplaindownstreamofmajorenergyprojects
EvaMehler1,CaseyRemmer1,RolandI.Hall1,BrentB.Wolfe2,JoshuaThienpont3&JulesBlais31DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,ON2DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,ON3DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofOttawa,Ottawa,ONThePeace-AthabascaDelta (PAD), located in northeasternAlberta, Canada, is theworld’s largest
inland freshwater boreal delta and is internationally renowned for its high ecological value und
cultural significance. It consists of numerous shallow lakes that provide important habitat for a
variety of flora and fauna. This ecosystem has been increasingly exposed to various potential
anthropogenic stressors, such as climate change, hydroelectric development and oilsands
production.Thecumulativeeffectsofthesestressorshavethepotentialtoalterthenaturalstateof
the delta’s aquatic ecosystems. As part of developing an innovative long-term hydroecological
monitoringprogramforlakesinthePAD,weareusingperiphyticalgalpigmentstotrackchangesin
ecologicalstatus.Inspring2015and2016,wedeployedartificialsubstratesamplersforone-month
duration in 62 strategically selected lakes that span the hydroecological gradients of the delta.
PigmentswillbequantifiedusingHighPerformanceLiquidChromatography(HPLC)andrelations
will be exploredwith lake hydrology (water isotope composition), water physico-chemistry and
contaminant concentrations (metals, PAHs) using multivariate approaches. Results will be
communicated tomultiple stakeholders including Parks Canada, First Nations community-based
monitoringprograms,federalandprovincialgovernmentagenciesandindustry.
Keywords:periphyticalgalpigments,biomonitoring,highperformanceliquidchromatography(HPLC),lakeecologicalcondition
TitleofthePaper:BarrierstoRenewableEnergyDevelopmentinNewfoundlandandLabrador:A
CaseStudyofWindEnergyApplyingthe‘AKTESP’AnalyticalFramework
NickMercer
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DivisionofSocialScienceGrenfellCampus,MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland
AffiliationoftheAuthor:DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,University
ofWaterloo,[email protected]
Abstract:Despite vast research on the need to transition to renewable energy (RE), fossil fuels
remain theworld’s primary energy source. This study contributes to the energy transition (ET)
literaturebyidentifyingbarrierstoREdevelopmentinNewfoundlandandLabrador(NL).Applying
Trudgill’s‘AKTESP’analyticalframework,thestudyasked:inaprovincialcontext,(1)whatbarriers
existtowindenergydevelopment(W.E.D),(2)whatarethepotentialbenefitsofW.E.D,(3)based
on barriers identified, which policy measures would facilitate ET? Seventeen expert interviews
were conducted and content analysis was applied using NVIVO software. A large majority of
respondents (65%) classified the current state of W.E.D in NL as ‘unfavourable’. The most
frequently reported barriers were political (71% of respondents), economic (65%), and
knowledge-related(53%).PotentialbenefitsofW.E.Dwereeconomic,environmental,andsocietal
in nature. Based on the findings, an ET framework was developed, consisting of seven policy
recommendations.
Keywords:renewableenergy,barriers,transition,policy,NewfoundlandandLabrador
Title:GoverningthePhoenixIslandsProtectedArea:ThePoliticsofDecision-Making
Author:Mitchell,Lillian
Affiliation:DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph
Largemarineprotectedareas(LMPAs)greaterthan100,000km2haverecentlyproliferatedasa
meansofoceanconservation.Somescholarsattributethisproliferationtothedesireofstatesto
meettheConventiononBiologicalDiversityAichiTarget11ofprotecting10%oftheoceanby
2020.However,Target11alsocallsforprotectedareastobeeffectivelyandequitablymanaged.
WhilethegovernanceprocessesofsmallerMPAshavebeenwelldefined,LMPAsareuniqueinboth
formandfunctionandlessisknownabouthowtogovernthemeffectively.Inattendingtothisgap,
thisresearchexploresthegovernanceofLMPAsthroughacasestudyanalysisofthePhoenix
IslandsProtectedArea(PIPA)inKiribati,oneoftheoldestestablishedLMPAs.Interviewswere
conductedinsummer2016with45actorswhohaveknowledgeofPIPA’sgovernancestructureand
itsoutcomes.
Preliminaryfindingsrevealtwokeythemes.First,despiteacollaborativegovernancestructurein
whichtheLMPAisjointlygovernedbythegovernmentandinternationalpartners,therehasbeena
perceivedlackofparticipationinKiribati.Second,arecentelectionhasledtoquestionsregarding
PIPA’s‘unfulfilledpromises’ofsocialandeconomicbenefits.PopularlycalledKiribati’s“giftto
humanity”,PIPAwasexpectedtospurinternationalactiononclimatechangeandgeneraterevenue
forthepeopleofKiribati.However,afteroveradecadethelocalperceptionisthatwhilePIPAhas
beencelebratedasasuccessforconservation,ithasnotbeenasocialsuccess.
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Keywords:largemarineprotectedareas,Kiribati,PhoenixIslands,oceansgovernance.
The use of military technologies along the US-Mexico border: the dehumanization of
undocumentedmigrants.
Monica Socorro Romero Meza (Department of Geography and Environmental Studies,
WilfridLaurierUniversity)
TheUS–Mexicoborderhasbeencharacterizedasasourceof insecurityand threats forAmerican
society. Most recently, it has become a site of militarization in which a concentration of border
agentsandmilitarytechnologyhascoveredthephysicalterritory.Thispracticenotonlyshapesthe
visuallandscape,thelocaleconomyandthesocialnorms,butalsoopensamoralquestiononhow
migrantsarebeingexposedtorawconditions,leadingtothembeingthesubjectsofabuses,human
rightsviolations,andevendeath.
This presentationwill explore the relation between ethics and technology by analyzing the US–
Mexicoundocumentedmigration. Itwillmainly focusonhigh-levelmilitary techniquesas factors
that enable migrants to be perceived only as targets and not human beings. The results of the
researcharebasedontheanalysisofbothperspectives:USCustomsandBorderProtectionpolicies,
and the humanitarian view of civil organization leaders in the field. By describing and exploring
both,itisshownhowimmigrantssufferfromdehumanizationandcriminalizationfromtheUSCBP
policies,butalsohowseveralorganizationsofferthemhumanitarianservicesguidedbytheirmoral
responsibilitytohelpthoseinneed.
Keywords:US-Mexicoborder,bordersecurity,militarization,high-leveltechnology.
Mappingalarge-scalediebackofmangrovesinAustralia’sGulfofCarpentariausinga
Landsat8timeseries
HaileyS.Morning1,DuncanJ.E.Hill1,JohnM.Kovacs1,NormanC.Duke21DepartmentofGeographyNipissingUniversity,100CollegeDrive,NorthBay,Ontario,P1B8L7,
Canada
2TropWATERCentre,JamesCookUniversity,ATSIPBuilding145,Townsville,Queensland,
Australia
FollowingtheobservationsofseveremangrovelossinAustralia’sGulfofCarpentariabyconcerned
localresidents,ajointinvestigationwasconductedtoidentifyboththedateofinceptionandthe
extentofthewetlanddieback.ApreliminaryexaminationofLandsatimageryshowedthatthe
diebackofmangroveforestswasinfactsevereandwide-spreadbeingpresentacross1000kmof
shorelinestretchingfromtheRoperRiverEstuaryintheNorthernTerritorytoKarumbain
Queensland.Toquantifytheamountofmangroveforestloss,amulti-temporalchangedetection
usingLandsat8imagerywasperformed.ByidentifyingareasofsignificantNDVIlossbetweenApril
2015andApril2016,itwasdeterminedthatover7000ha,or6%ofthecoastalforest,was
impactedbythediebackevent.Thislossappearstocoincidewithextremeweathereventsbelieved
tobeassociatedwithglobalclimatechange.
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DecarbonizationWaterlooRegion:Participatorylearninginalocalenergytransition
ScottDavidMorton(Presenter)-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:In2015,globalleadersagreedatthe21stConferenceofthePartiestotheUnitedNations
FrameworkConventiononClimateChangethaturgent,collaborativeactiononclimatechangeis
notonlyanenvironmentalandsocialimperativebutalsorepresentsasignificanteconomic
opportunity.Thetransitiontoadecarbonizedglobaleconomypresentsachallengeof
unprecedentedscale,yetagrowingbodyofresearchidentifieslocallevelenergytransition
processesasaneffectivelocusforactionandchange.Thereisanidentifiedlackofsystematic
learningabouttransitionsatthemunicipallevel,andthispresentsanidealopportunitytoaddress
itthroughcollaborativecross-sectoralresearch.ThispresentationanalyzesthecaseofWaterloo,
Canada,throughthelensofsocio-technicaltransitionstoassesspotentiallyinnovativepathwaysto
amoresustainable(lowcarbon)future.Inparticular,weexamineanewparticipatoryprocess
calledDecarbonizationWaterlooRegion,aforumwithinwhichlocalstakeholders,scholars,and
practitionerscanenvisionlowcarbonfuturesandnegotiatepathstowardthem.Focusgroupsand
pre/postforumsurveyswilldeliverinsightsintotheeffectivenessofthisprocess,thepartnerships
andpoliciesatvariouslevelsofgovernmentthatmightacceleratethissustainabilitytransition,and
therolesthatSMEsandlocalcivilsocietyactorscanplayindrivinginnovation.Ultimately,we
identifypracticallessonsthatwilladvanceenergypolicy-makinginCanadaatthelocalleveland
contributetothenascentbodyofCanadianandinternationalliteratureontransitioningtoalow
carboneconomy.
MeasuringtheEffectivenessofanOutdoorEducationProgramonHighSchoolStudents’
Knowledge,Attitudes,andBehavioursTowardsClimateChange–ClimateChangeS.O.S.–SaveOurSyrup!
Dr.BrendaMurphy,Professor,[email protected]
Mr.BryceGunson,ProjectManager,[email protected]
KeyWords–ClimateChange;EnvironmentalAttitudes;EnvironmentalBehaviors;CitizenScience
ClimateChangeS.O.S.–SaveOurSyrup!isaprogramdevelopedbytheResilientCommunitiesResearchCollaborative(ledbyDr.BrendaMurphyfromWilfridLaurierUniversity)thatbringsstudentstotheMountsbergConservationArea(Campbellville,Ontario)wheretheyexplorea
workingmaplesugarbush.Studentsmonitorthehealthofthesugarbush,contributingtoan
ongoingcitizen-sciencedataset.Theylearnaboutthethreatsfacedbythesugarmaple,and
examinetheeconomicandculturalimpactofthepotentiallossofthesetrees.Aknowledge
mobilizationassessmentprojectutilizingpre&post-testsurveysmeasuredprogrameffectiveness
onthestudents’knowledge,attitudes,&behaviourstowardsclimatechangebasedontheresearch
question“Towhatextentdoessharingknowledgeabouttheimpactsofclimatechangeaboutsugarmapleecosystemsandmaplesyrupinfluencetheparticipant'sknowledge,attitudes,andbehaviourstowardsclimatechange?Participantsinthisstudy(n=517)includedgrade9-12studentsfromsevensecondaryschoolsintheHaltondistrictschoolboardinthecitiesofOakville,Burlingtonand
Georgetown(Ontario).Resultsindicatepositivechangesinknowledgeofclimatechange&maple
syrup,andpositivechangesinstudents’attitudesregardingtheirabilitytolessentheirimpacton
climatechange.Althoughwedidn’tseeastatisticallysignificantchangeinbehaviourtowards
climatechange,theliteratureindicatesthisisthehardestattributetochange.Overall,feedback
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frombothstudentsandteachershasbeenextremelypositive.Theprogramcontinuestooperate
thankstofundingfromSSHRC,OMAFRA,theCanadianTREEfund,WilfridLaurierUniversityand
ConservationHalton.
Title:PlayDesertsasHealthInequities?MappingPlaygrounddesertsandsocioeconomic
deprivationinKingston,ON
Authors:AllisonMurray&JeffreyR.Masuda,Queen’sUniversity
Introduction:Playgroundsareanimportantfeatureoftheurbanlandscapethatcontributetoboth
thephysicalactivityandsocialdevelopmentofchildren,buttheremaybeinequitiesintheir
accessibilityrelatedtobothdistributionandquality.Thisstudysoughttodevelopaconceptof
playgrounddesertsthattakesintoaccountbothdimensionsandtodeterminewhetherinequities
existinrelationtosocioeconomicdeprivation.Materialsandmethods:Allplaygroundswithin
urbanKingston,ONwereassessedusinga“SevenC”scoreforplaygroundqualityandenteredinto
aGIS.800mbuffersclippedtoarterialroadswereassignedtoplaygroundsasaproxyfor
reasonableaccessibility,withdiameterspenalizedaccordingtothe7Cscore(200m/quintile).
Playgrounddesertsweredefinedastheareaofresidentialzonedlandfallingoutsideofbuffers.The
proportionofresidentiallandareainplaydesertsrelativetototalareawascalculatedforeachof
fivesocioeconomicdeprivationquintiles(ONMarg),revealingadistinctpatternofplayground
desertinequityinKingston.Conclusion:Playgrounddesertsexisttodifferentdegreesacrossall
deprivationquintilesinKingston.Furtherresearchwillneedtobeconductedtodeterminethe
impactsofplaygrounddesertinequitiesonplaygroundaccessibilityandbehaviour,thatis,ifliving
inplaydesertsdisproportionatelyaffectstheexperiencesofplayamongchildrenlivingininhigher
deprivationareasrelativetomoreaffluentneighbourhoods.
Keywords:playgrounds;playgrounddeserts;builtenvironment;children’shealth
Correspondingauthor:AllisonMurray,[email protected]
TheArtistsofPeterborough
StephanieMurray,BrockUniversity
TheintentofthisprojectwastoproblematizeRichardFlorida’sconceptofthe“creative
class”—aswellastheuptakeofFlorida’stheoriesbymunicipalpolicymakers—byfocusingonthe
locationalpreferencesofvisualartistslivingandworkinginthemunicipalityofPeterborough,
Ontario.Astheliteratureoncreativeworkerssuggeststhatcreativeworkersaremotivatedto
locateinparticularplacesbasedonarangeofdifferentfactors,face-to-facesemi-structured
interviewsandasynchronousemailinterviewswereconductedwithasamplegroupof13of
Peterborough’svisualartists—sevenurbanandsixrural—inordertodiscoverwhytheywere
livinginthisparticularmunicipality.WhilePeterborough’saffordablecostoflivingandproximity
toTorontowerevaluedbyparticipants,themunicipalityalsopresenteduniquechallengesfor
visualartistsseekingtoselltheirwork.Furthermore,contrarytowhattheliteratureoncreative
workerssuggests,themajorityofartistswhoparticipatedinthestudywerenotmotivatedtolocate
inPeterboroughbyopportunitiesforprofessionalnetworking,orbyaspectsofthenaturalorbuilt
environment;instead,morethanhalfoftheparticipantscametoliveinthismunicipalitybecause
theywereaccompanyingspousesorfamilymemberswhoweremovingtothearea.Thedecisions
of—anduniquechallengesfacedby—Peterborough’sartistssuggestthataqualitativeapproachto
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understandingthelocationdecisionsofcreativeworkersinparticularcontextsisvaluable,
especiallyformunicipalitieswhoseektoimplementpolicydecisionsthatwillhelptoattract
workersintheso-called“creativeclass.”
Keywords:Creativeclass,RichardFlorida,municipalpolicy,urbanplanning
TitleofthePaper:
AnalysisofhabitatrestorationusingRemotesensingandGIS:ACaseStudyofNorthwestBeach,
PointPeleeNationalPark,Ontario,Canada.
Authors:
Nayak,P.,andByrne,M-L.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurier
University,Waterloo.)
Abstract
PointPeleeNationalParkhasundergonesignificantecologicalandinfrastructuralchangesinthe
pastdecades.Thishasresultedinmajormodificationsinthepark’sdiverseecosystem,whichis
hometoseveralrarespeciesoffloraandfauna,andtheircriticalhabitats.Anumberofimportant
managementchallengeshaveemerged,includingconservationoftheendangeredFive-linedSkink
(Eumecesfasciatus)throughrestorationofecologicallydisturbedsanddunesandCarolinian
vegetationthatprovidedcriticalhabitatsforthisspecies.Thispaperaimstoexaminetheprocessof
Five-linedSkinkhabitatrestorationbyevaluatingthestatusofsandduneformationandforest
vegetationchangeinPointPelee.Vegetationchangedetectionusingtwoseriesofaerialphotoswas
undertakentoanalyseforestcoverandspecies.Dunevegetationspeciesdiversity,grainsize
distributionandvolumesofsandsupplypileswerecalculatedtoevaluatethestatusofsanddune
restoration.ShannondiversityIndexandSimpson’sdiversityIndexwerecalculatedbasedonthe
samplescollected.Grainsizedistributionwascalculatedbasedonmean,medianandstandard
deviation(sorting)ofthesandsamples.Grainsizedistributionindicatedthatsamplesfrommanyof
thesandpilescontainedsignificantamountsofbothclayandpebblesizedgrainsmakingit
unfavourableforreworkingbythewind,andresultinginnosignificantcontributiontodune
formation.Giventhisresultweproposealternatemanagementstrategiesfordunerestorationin
PointPelee.
KeyWords:sanddune,changedetection,restoration,Five-linedskink,habitat
NeglectedTropicalDiseases(NTDs)astheclassicexampleofinequalityandwellbeingin
sub-SaharanAfrica
Ochola,E.A.andElliott,S.J.
DepartmentofGeographyandEnviromentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo
NeglectedTropicalDiseases(NTDs)disproportionatelyaffectthepoorestandmarginalized
populationslivinginthedevelopingworld,withanestimated50%oftheinfectionsinsub-Saharan
Africa.NTDshaveasubstantialimpactonmorbidityandmortality,andcausedeveloping
economiesbillionsofdollarseveryyearinlostrevenuebylimitingeducationalopportunities,
interferingwithlaborproductivity,andcompromisingonthewellbeingofindividualsandfamilies.
Lackofaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation,improperhousingandpoorhealthcarefacilities
contributetothehighratesofinfection.ItisforthisreasonthatNTDsarefoundalmostexclusively
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inpopulationslivinginimpoverishedareasandareabsentinpopulationsthatenjoyhighstandards
ofliving.
TheassociationbetweenpovertyandNTDsseemstobewelldocumented.However,itremains
unclearhowstructuralfactorsassociatedwithinequalitiescontributetothepersistenceofNTDs
withinthebroadercontextofinfectiousdisease.
ThemainpurposeofthisresearchwillbetoexploreNTDsfromthesesocialperspectiveby
examiningvariousfactorsthatleadtoinequalitiesandhowthesefactorspropelthecycleofpoverty
inthebroadercontextofsocialhealthandwellbeinginsub-SaharanAfrica.
Iwilldemonstratethatequityinstructuralsystemsisimportantforthereductionoftheglobal
burdenofNTDsandenhancementofsocietalhealthandwellbeing.
Keywords:NeglectedTropicaldiseases,Inequalities,Wellbeing,sub-SaharanAfrica
Health-WellbeingNexus:AnEcologicalandLifeCoursePerspectiveinTheorizationand
ConceptualizationofHealthandWellbeing
Presenter:ElizabethOpiyoOnyango(Student)
Supervisor:SusanElliott
Institution:UniversityofWaterloo
School:GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
Abstract
The concepts of health andwellbeing are important in human life and their usage canbe traced
back in human history. Limited conceptualization and theorization of these concepts have
restricted our understanding and knowledge. But, the current emergence of a broad view of
wellbeinginacademicandpolicyliteraturehascounteredthislimitation.Althoughtheconceptsof
healthandwellbeinghavebeenused interchangeably inhealthpolicyandacademic literature,as
well ashealthcare serviceprovision, ithasbecomeobvious that theconceptsarenot synonyms.
Drawing from literaturewithin andoutsidehealth geography, I discuss the relationshipbetween
health and wellbeing as measurable constructs. My primary goal is to demonstrate the role of
theory in conceptualization of health and wellbeing. As interest in broader conceptualization of
wellbeingbeyondhealthgrows,thereisagreaternecessitytobeclearabouttheoperationalization
oftheseconcepts.Consequently, thestudyofhealthandwellbeingrequiresacleartheorizationif
we are to adequately explain health patterns geographically and historically. The theories that
embracetheecologicalandlifecourseperspectivessuchastheeco-socialmodelprovidessuchkind
offrameworks.Thebroaderknowledgeonhealthandwellbeingisnecessaryintheidentificationof
pertinentinterventionareasandevidencebasedpolicyanddecisionmaking.
Keywords:Health,wellbeing,ecological,lifecourse,theorization
Title:“Wecan’tstaypoor”:ruralyouthmotivationstoengageinartisanalsmall-scalemining
inGhana.
LydiaOsei1,GodwinArku1andIsaacLuginaah11WesternUniversity,DepartmentofGeography
Abstract
Artisanalsmall-scalemining(ASM),alow-tech,labourintensivemineralextractionandprocessing
activityisnotanewphenomenoninthedevelopingworld.However,recentexpansionofthesector
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and the associated challenges makes it a pressing issue that lie on discussion tables among
governments. More especially, increases in the number of youths trooping to ASM mines has
become a great concern in the development scholarship. In Ghana, rural youth are increasingly
choosingASMas amajor livelihood.What is needed in understanding this trend is the ability of
governmentsandresearcherstoexaminefactorsunderpinningyouthengagementinthesector.
Data was collated from youth miners in the Upper East Region. Using the data from in-depth
interviewswith45youthminers, thisstudy investigatedwhatthemotivationsofyouthwereand
howtheseinfluencedtheirchoiceoflivelihood.OurresultsshowthattheincreaseinASMactivities
ismajorlypropelledbydirepoverty;nonetheless,youtharedeterminedtoescapethepovertytrap
and this they do by engaging in ASM. The youth explained by giving the various ways they
experiencepovertytoincludetheirlackofeducationorstruggletoremaininschoolandthelimited
employmentopportunitiestheyhave.
Keywords:youth,poverty,motivations,artisanalmining
Re-estructurationéconomiqueetseseffetsespaciauxàPortoAlegre,Brésil.
JoelOuttes,
GEST-Groupd´étudessurlessocietiesetlesterritories.
UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul.
Resumé:Cetravailinvestigueleseffetsdelare-estructurationéconomiquedanslaRMPA-
RégionmetropolitainedePortoAlegreauBrésil.Ilseconcentredansleschangementsdu
marchédetravailetl´occupationduterritoiremetropolitain.Ilrecherchedes
developpementstelsquelaconstitutiondessystemesproductivescentrauxorganiséede
façonréticulaire,lepolicentrismedufonctionementdel´estructuremetropolitaineetla
proliferationdesequipementsurbainslesquelsonteuuneffetdansl´estructureetl´imageurbaines.
Motsclés:Re-estructurationéconomique,marchédetravail,PortoAlegre,région
metropolitaine.
Leréseaudesréseauxurbains:Lagéographiedel´InternationaleUrbaine(1851-aujourd´hui)
JoelOuttes,
GEST-Grouped´étudessurlessociétésetlesterritories.
UFRGS-UniversidadeFederaldoRioGrandedoSul.
Resumé:
Larechercheinvestigueleréseauxde(pourlemoment)27institutionsurbainesinternationalesse
concentrantdansl´histoirededeuxinstitutions,l´IFHP-InternationalFederationforHousingand
Planningetl´UCLG-UnitedCitiesandLocalGovernments,sescaracteristiques,reseauxde
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participants,changementsdanssespolitiquesainsiqueleroledespays,institutions,groupeset
individusdanscesdécisions,politiquesetproductionintellectuelle.L´IFHPàetécréecomme
InternationalGarden-CitiesAssociation(Associationinternationaldesvilles-jardins)en1913et
existeaujourd´huiencore.L´UCLGàetécréecommeIULA-InternationalUnionofLocalAuthorities
(Associationinternationaldesvilles)en1913aussietexisteencore.Letravailinvestiguelerolede
cesinstitutionsdanslefluxeinternationaldespensésetpratiquesdelaplanification,et
l´aménagementurbainainsicommesesrolesdanslaconstitutiond´unecommunauté
internationaled´urbanistes.Unedesquestionsàêtrediscutéec´estjusqu´àquelpointdes
expérienceslocales,regionalesetnationalesenhabitation,planificationetaménagementonteté
adoptéesdanscertainspériodesparcesinstitutions.Dansuneautredirection,laressonanceou
influencedecertainesidéesetpolitiquesdel´IFHPetl´UCLGdansdesexperienceslocales,
regionalesetnationalesenhabitationetplanificationetdesdomainesayantunrapportvaêtre
explorée.
Motsclés:institutionsinternationales,planification,diffusiond´inovation,habitation
PaperTitle:TheRiseoftheNeoliberalCity:CondominiumDevelopmentandToronto’sCityPlace
Author:RachelPhillips,UniversityofTorontoDepartmentofGeographyandPlanning(MAHuman
Geographyprogram)
Abstract:
CondominiumdevelopmentshavebecomeubiquitousfeaturesofToronto’surbanlandscape,
emergingindisinvestedneighbourhoods,formerindustrialsites,anddefiningentirelynew
neighbourhoods.ThispaperexaminesToronto’scondominiumboominthecontextofthecity’s
increasinglyneoliberalurbangovernancestrategies.ThedevelopmentofCityPlace–a44-acre
condominiumprojectlocatednearToronto’swaterfrontonformerrailwaylands–isusedinthis
paperasacasestudythathighlightshowaneoliberalconceptionoftherolesofgovernmentand
theprivatesectorhasshapedcondominiumdevelopmentinToronto.FocusingonhowCityPlace
wasplanned,financed,andthensoldtoparticulardemographicgroupsinToronto,thispaper
attemptstoillustratewhobenefitsfromthecity’scondominiumboom,wholosesout,andhow
publicandprivateinterestsworktogethertoproduceanincreasinglyprivatizedandcommodified
urbanlandscape.
Keywords:condominiumdevelopment,urbangovernance
Exploringtheuseofsocialvaluestofacilitatepublicparticipationinhighlyregulated
environmentalmanagementdecisions
Philpot,S1.,Hipel,K2,3,4.,Johnson,P1.
1DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement.UniversityofWaterloo,OntarioCanada.2DepartmentofSystemsDesignEngineering.UniversityofWaterloo,Ontario,Canada.
3CentreforInternationalGovernanceInnovation.Waterloo,Ontario,Canada.4BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs.Waterloo,Ontario,Canada.
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Publicparticipationisakeyfeatureofenvironmentalmanagementindemocraticgovernments.It
hasreceivedsupportinternationallythroughtheUN-ECEAarhusconvention(1998)andTheHague
Declaration(2000).Atthenationalandsub-nationalscales,publicparticipationisformalizedinthe
ImpactAssessmentprocess.Asadiversecitizenryincreasinglytakesitsseatatthetable,thereisa
growingneedtointegrateavarietyofperspectivesandprioritiesintoformaldecision-making
practises.Institutions,suchasnon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)servetofacilitatethe
inclusionofmultiplestakeholders;however,moredirectformsofparticipationatthelocal,oreven
individuallevel,mustcontendwithperceptionsthatprivatecitizenslacktheexpertiseto
understandandevaluaterisksincomplexenvironmentalissues.Thisisparticularlytrueindomains
thataresubjecttoregulatoryoversight.Inthesecases,theneedforknowledgeofregulatory
restrictions,andconcernregardingliabilitiesposesafurtherconstrainttocitizeninvolvementin
thedevelopmentandevaluationofmanagementalternatives.Developingparticipatorymethods
thatfocusonthetwo-waycommunicationofperceivedsocialvalues,asopposedtotransferring
knowledge,offersnewopportunitiestolinkcitizensandformaldecision-makers.Drawingupon
insightsfrompsychology,geography,andthedecisionsciences,wepresentthetheoretical
foundationsforourresearchregardingtheuseofinteractiveparticipatorymodelingtosupportthe
integrationandevaluationofcitizenandexpertperspectivesinformaldecision-makingcontexts.
Moreover,weidentifykeydatasetsthatcanbecollectedusingthisapproach,anditsprojected
contributionstomultipleparticipantdecision-makinginenvironmentalmanagement.
Keywords:EnvironmentalManagement,ParticipatoryModeling,Values,PublicParticipation.
DevelopmentandEvaluationofaGeneralizedOnlineSpatialArgumentationPlatform
Pierre,J.(DepartmentofGeography,RyersonUniversity)Supervisor:Rinner,C.(DepartmentofGeography,RyersonUniversity)
Onlineargumentationplatformsenablegroupstoshareinformationinacentralized
databasetogatherinformationrelatedtopublicworksprojects,planningandresearchprojects.
Argumentationmapsprovidetheabilitytolinkgeographicobjectstoeachotherusing
conversationalorlogicalconnections.Availableargumentationmapshavesignificant
technologicalbarrierstouseandmaynotofferfeaturesrequiredfordataaccessthathavebeen
identifiedintheliterature.Thepurposeofthisresearchistocreateadatamodelandapplication
architectureforanextensibleonlineargumentationmapandtoevaluateitasaplatformintwo
naturalisticusecases.Theusecasesaredesignedtodemonstratethatunassistedusersareableto
interactwiththesystemaseffectivelyasuserswhoareobligatedtouseitandareassistedthrough
theprocess.Thetwousecaseshadsimilarstatisticsforuserparticipationandcontent.Someusers
intuitivelyconnectedgeographicobjectstologicalarguments,demonstratingtheeffectivenessof
thedatamodelanduserinterface.Basedontheobserveduserparticipationratesandthedegree
towhichuserslinkspatialobjectstoconversationalelements,weconcludethatthedatamodeland
architecturearesuccessfulatprovidinganonlineargumentationmapplatform.
Keywords:webGISdevelopment,argumentationmaps,
Title:SustainableEnergyinNorthernCommunities
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Author:StephaniePike
Abstract:Inaworldwherepercapitaconsumptionandpopulationareontheriseandnatural
resourcesaredecreasing,thevalueofcleanenergyisbecomingundeniable.Althoughcleanenergy
hasthepotentialtosupportmuchofhumanlifeonEarth,therearemanyenvironmentaland
economiclimitations.Whileenvironmentalchallengesexistforallsustainableenergysourcesinall
locations,northernlocationsfaceuniquechallengesandlimitations.Thisreportevaluatedthe
capabilityofnortherncommunitiestoaccessandutilizewindturbines,solarpanelsand
geoexchangesystemsassustainableenergysources.Theevaluationwasbasedonavailableenergy
(e.g.sunlight,wind),costs(capitalandmaintenance),andcarbon/ecologicalfootprints.Itwas
concludedthatwindismostviableyearround,solarismostviableduringthesummermonthsand
geoexchangesystemsareviableinmostnorthernlocations.Thesefindingswereappliedtotwo
casestudies(Whitehorse,YTandInuvik,N.W.T.).
Keywords:NorthernCanada,Energy,Sustainability
Reviewofdatacollectionmethodsforpost-harvesttillageresidueassessment
NealPilger*1,3,AaronBerg1,RenatoPardo1,andJoshuaAntinolfi2,
1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph
2DepartmentofGeography,BrockUniversity
3PilgerGeospatialInc./ProfileGeomatics,StCatharines,ON
*CorrespondingAuthor:[email protected]
Abstract:
Theincreaseintemperatureandprecipitationvariabilityasresultofarapidlychangingclimatehas
led to the adoption of conservation, and no tillage land management practices in favour of
conventionalpostharvestfieldmanagement.Suchmethodshaveshown,throughareductionofsoil
disturbance,decreasesinweathering,erosion,nutrientloss,andcarbonreleasetotheatmosphere.
Additional benefits of employing Best Management Practices (BMPs) that focus on soil health,
includes a reduction in chemical herbicide/pesticide use, fertilizer application, and other soil
augmentation.Whileorbitalremotesensingplatformshavebeenwidelyusedinthemonitoringof
specific land use management practices in agriculture in this province, accurate ground
observations are required for “training” any classification algorithm or index for quantifying the
percentage of farms which employ either conventional, conservation, no-till, or cover-crop post
harvestpractices.Thisprojectaimstodescribeandevaluatetheuseofseveralnoveltechniquesto
facilitateaccurateassessmentofpostharvestlandmanagementascarriedoutinSouthernOntario,
Canada.
Keywords:TillageResidue;Agriculture;RemoteSensing;GIS
EmergenttechnologiesinPrecisionAgriculture/Viticulture
NealPilger*1,MikeDuncan2,JoshuaAntinolfi3
1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph;PilgerGeospatialInc./ProfileGeomatics
2NSERCIRCCinPrecisionAgriculture&EnvironmentalTechnologies,NiagaraCollege
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3DepartmentofGeography,BrockUniversity
*CorrespondingAuthor:[email protected]
Abstract:
Precisionagricultureisbecomingcommonpracticeforgrainandfruit/vegetableproducers
aroundtheworld.Implementingnewtechnologiestomonitorsoil/surficialcharacteristics,through
to targeted irrigation and pest management, to canopy health assessment in planning harvest
schedules, is increasingproductivityandreducingcostsassociatedwithagriculturemanagement.
This project will examine the use of emergent technology in precision agriculture applications,
notablytheuseofin-fieldmicro-meteorological/weathermonitoringstations,remotelyoperated
surfacerovers,andUAVs.Workingtogetherinnear-realtime,thesethreetechnologieshavebeen
showntoprovideinvaluableinformationastothecurrentconditionsinanyfieldatanyparticular
time. This project will explain how such technology, opens the doors to new opportunities in
precisionmonitoringofviticulturecrops,both inmonitoringgrowthandyieldviaphotosynthetic
rate, and in the detailed examination of topographic profiles which influence air transfer,
temperature,andhumiditybelowthecanopyandaid in the identificationofoptimal,within field
placementofcroptypes.
Keywords(4):Drones;RemoteSensing;PrecisionAgriculture;ClimateChange
LiDARderivedDEMforimprovinghazardsandgeomorphologyanalysesofrivermobility
SaiedPirasteh*andJonathanLi
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,
Canada
Abstract
Remote sensing conventionalmethods, such as photogrammetry and satellite images can derive
DigitalElevationModels(DEMs)withamoderateresolution.Thesetechniqueshavechallengesin
investigating hazards and river mobility with a high quality of pixels of a DEM. However, Light
DetectionAndRanging(LiDAR)ofhigh-resolutionDEMhastendedtobepromisinginanevaluation
of the changes.BecauseLiDARapproachprovides a surfacedetailed informationas compared to
the previous studies and traditional methods despite from limitations. This poster presents an
improved understanding of susceptible landslide hazards as well as river mobility. The Zagros
MountainsinIranaregreatlyinfluencedbystructuralgeology,tectonics,andbedrocklithology,and
thecoursesofmajorrivers(RiverKarunandRiverDez).TheLiDARhigh-resolutiondataisusedto
create aDEMof the study area.This study identifiespotential hazard areas, and river responses
were investigatedusingan integrationofLiDAR, geomorphology,anda fieldsurvey tostudy the
tectonic signatures. The study findings reveal that in the Zagros Folded Belt (ZFB) with rugged
topographyissusceptibletolandslideswhereintheKhuzestanPlainstheriversystemswerefound
tobemobileandabletorespond,bothlaterallyandvertically,totheactivetectonics.IntheZFB,we
foundthattheDezriverisrespondedbylandslidesthatareinducedbythetectonicactivities,andit
keepschangingthemovementdirectionoftheriverfollowedbystructuralfeaturessuchasfaults,
folds,andlineaments.
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Keywords:LiDAR,ZagrosMountains,DEM,Rivermobility,Geomorphology,Hazards.
TheSocialDisorganizationofIntimatePartnerViolence
AnthonyPiscitelli
DoctoralCandidateGeographyWilfridLaurierUniversity
Abstract:
Anumberoftheoriesofferspecificexplanationsforthecausesofintimatepartnerviolence(IPV).
However,thesetheoriesdonotadequatelyconsidertheimpactofgeographyasitrelatedtoIPV.
Recently,scholarshavebeguntorecognizetheconnectionsbetweengeographyandIPV.Social
DisorganizationTheoryprimarilyexplainscrimeincommunitiesasaconsequenceofeconomic
disadvantage,insufficientinformalsocialcontrol,lackofcollectiveefficacyandfamilybreakdown.
SDTistypicallyusedinthecontextofpropertycrimeandpublicviolence.Literatureincorporating
SDTwithIPVisonlyrecentlyemerging.ThroughacriticalreviewoftheSDTliteratureasitrelated
toIPVaconceptmapwillbepresented.Theconceptmapwillofferinsightsintohowneighourhood
dynamicsinfluenceIPVandraisequestionsforfurtherstudy.
Usingvalues-associationofspaceandplaceto(de)legitimiseviolenceconductedinthewar
onterror.
RebekahK.Pullen,IndependentResearcher
MAGlobalGovernance,BalsillieSchoolofInternationalAffairs,UniversityofWaterloo
Keywords:SpaceandPlace,military,values,rendition
The“image”ofthemodern,Westphalianstateisundergoingaretrenchmentofidealsofstate
power,borders,andbiopoliticalmethodsofglobalgovernance.Operationallydefiningspaceas
linkedwithterritory,itislikea“container,”andplaceisspacethatisinfusedwithmeaning,
particularlybythoseresidingwithin.Valuesattributabletoaplacearemorerespectedthanthose
thatexistsupra-space,andare-emphasizingofstate-as-placestronglysituates‘us’and‘other’asdistinctanddividedbyboundariesofvaluesaswellasgeography.Withinthecontextofthe“waron
terror”theUnitedStates(US)is,byrhetoricandothermeans,thedefiningactorofthisconflict.
Throughthelegalarrangementofopportunitiesforcitizenshipinexchangefornon-citizens’
militaryservice,theUSlegitimizestheviolenceenactedonbehalfofnotonlyitslaws,butofthose
valuesfundamentallyuniversal,yetre-interpretedasdistinctlyAmericanandvalues-of-place.
Conversely,theUSactivelydelegitimizesIslamicextremistsfightingforsupra-spacevalues,meanttobeuniversalandnotattributabletoaparticularplacebuttoallspace:auniversalIslam.As
Westphalianstatesmaintainthevestigesoftraditionalsovereignty,valuesthatcannotbeassigned
tothemapareconsideredinherentlynon-legitimate,andthereforenon-legitimatereasonstofight.
Thismakesitsystemicallyacceptabletoentirelyremovethelegalpersonhoodoftheseactors,such
asbylabellingthem“enemycombatants,”andallowingforextraordinaryrendition.Subsequently,
theirbodiesarerenderednon-legitimatethroughextra-legalmeansinthecontextofglobalcitizenship,bordersovereigntyandbelonging.
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EvaluatingtheOpportunitiestoDevelopOrganicAgricultureOntheGovernmentalLevel
DanshuQi
PhDcandidate
EnvironmentFaculty,UniversityofWaterloo
Theachievementsoforganicagricultureintreatingtheearth,improvinghealthydiets,enhancing
farmers’livelihoodsandsooncontributetothehigherattentiontoandtheexpandingoforganic
agricultureworldwide.However,ontheregionalandoperationallevel,thelaunchanddevelopment
oforganicagriculturenotonlydependonindividualbehaviorsandideologythatvaluestheobvious
greateffectsoforganicagriculture,butalsosubjecttothepoliticalorcommercialregimesthat
concerngroupinterests.Thisstudytakestheexperiencesofdevelopingorganicagriculturein
Nanjing,Chinaastheexampletoexploregovernments’involvementinthissector,includingstate-
ownedfarmcompanies,large-scaleandsmall-scaleprivatefarms,andothertypesoffarm
businesses(e.g.,agrotourism).Thelinksbetweengovernmentsandfarmsaresortedintothree
categoriesofdirectfinancialsubsidies,supportingprogramsintermsofproductionmaterial
supplement,farmingtechnique,andmarketing,andthelastoflandtransfer.Thisstudyarguesfirst
thatChinesegovernmentsholdanintensiveappearanceintheorganicagriculturesectorby
controllingtheproductivematerialsandregulatingthemarket.Second,large-scalefarmsare
preferredbythegovernmentswhentheydeliverpolicysupportstoorganicagriculture.Third,the
spaceforconductingorganicagricultureindependentlyislimitedtosmallscalesandexclusiveto
theelites.Traditionalsmallfarmers,thoughfrequentlyengageinorganicfarming,arelesspossible
toinchargeofpromotingorganicagricultureunderthecurrentpoliticalcontext.
Keywords:organicagriculture,governmentinvolvement,landtransfer
Identifyingthecommongeographicalpatternofcrimeandhealth:ApplyingaBayesian
sharedcomponentmodeltoanalyzeviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicideinWaterlooRegion
MatthewQuick(SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo)
JaneLaw(SchoolofPlanning;SchoolofPublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo)
Pastresearchhassuggestedthatthegeographicalvariationsincrimeandhealthresultfromthe
samesocialfactors.Inparticular,highlevelsofviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicideareboth
hypothesizedtooccurinneighbourhoodswithlowcollectiveefficacy,oftenmeasuredthrough
weaksocialtiesandlowinformalsocialcontrol,andinneighbourhoodswithhighresidential
instability.However,thedegreetowhichneighbourhood-scalecrimeandhealthexhibitsimilar
geographicalriskpatternshasnotyetbeenexplored.ThisresearchappliesaBayesianshared
componentmodeltoanalyzeviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicideatthesmall-areascaleinthe
RegionalMunicipalityofWaterloo,Canada.Accountingforthesimultaneousinfluenceofresidential
mobilityonviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicide,thisresearchdifferentiatesthreegeographicalrisk
patterns;common(orshared)riskforbothviolentcrimeandattemptedsuicide,residualriskfor
violentcrime,andresidualriskforattemptedsuicide.Resultsprovideempiricalevidencethat
violentcrimeandattemptedsuicidearesimilarlyclusteredintheurbanenvironmentandbroadly
highlightthecomprehensiveinfluenceofneighbourhoodsocialcontextsonavarietyofhealthand
socialoutcomes.
Keywords:spatialanalysis,crime,health
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Title:EssexCountyAgri-Tourism:ExploringRegionalandFarm-LevelDiversification
Authors:HeatherReid(GeographyDepartment,UniversityofGuelph);Dr.JohnSmithers
(GeographyDepartment,UniversityofGuelph)
Keywords:agri-tourism;EssexCounty;farmdiversification;ruraltourism
Abstract:
The character of many Canadian rural regions is changing rapidly as farms continue to become
larger and more specialized and new (ex)urban actors influence rural economies with new
expectationsofruralspace.TourismhasemergedwithinEssexCounty,Ontarioasatooltoadaptto
thischangingcharacter.Itspositionwithinadesignatedwineappellationisbeingleveragedbythe
area’s Destination Marketing Organization (DMO) to shape perceptions and increase tourism
visibility. As tourism is being pushed to a more prominent position within the County’s brand,
farmersareprovidedopportunitiestocapitalizeonincreasedvisitationandanevolvingperception
of the region. Considering this regional context, this research aims to explore the role of agri-
tourisminfarm-leveldiversificationandasafeatureoftheregionaleconomy.Toaccomplishthis,
documentanalysiswasconductedalongsideinterviewswithagri-tourismproviders(bothfarmers
andvintners)andDMOrepresentatives.Thedominantnarrativeemergingfromanalysis isoneof
developing a tourism destination. While vintners actively collaborate to co-create a wine
destinationwiththehelpoftheDMO,farmerswhohavediversifiedintoagri-tourismprovisionare
morelikelytoworkinsilosandcultivateapersonalnichewithoutregardforaregionalbrandor
destinationcreation.Thoughtourismpromotionalmaterialemphasisestheagriculturalbountyand
emergingbeverageeconomy, it isquestionableif farmersareactivelybuyingintoorareawareof
thispotentialtourismopportunity.ThisresearchcontributestoanunderstandingofCanadianfarm
diversification,particularlywithinthecontextofanemergingtourismdestination.
WidespreaddryingofthePeace-AthabascaDelta,Alberta,Canada
Remmer,Casey(1)([email protected]),B.B.Wolfe(2),R.I.Hall(1)
(1)DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1(2)DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3C5Keywords:Paleolimnology,Environmentalchange,Wetlands
Numerousstudieshavedocumentedclimate-drivendeclineinfreshwatersuppliedbyrivers
drainingwesternNorthAmerica,whichhasramificationsforecosystemsandsociety.Forthe
Peace-AthabascaDelta(PAD),Canada,floodwatersfromthePeaceandAthabascariversarecritical
forsustainingshallowlakebasinsandabundantwetlandhabitat,butthefrequencyofsuchevents
hasbeenindeclinefordecades.HerewetakestockofcurrenthydrologicalconditionsinthePAD
usingisotopicapproaches,frombothtemporalandspatialperspectives.First,were-visit
previouslyreportedmulti-centennialisotope-inferredpaleohydrologicalrecordsfromfivelakesin
thePAD,whichspanabroadspatialandhydrologicalgradient.Periodicdesiccationoccurred
duringtheLittleIceAgeatthemostelevatedbasininresponsetolocallydryclimaticconditions,
yetlowerelevationsiteswereinfluencedbyhighwaterlevelonLakeAthabascaowingtoincreased
snowmelt-andglacier-derivedriverdischarge.Theserecordsarethencomparedtodirectly
measuredlakewaterisotopecompositionsfromthepast15years,demonstratingastrong,uniform
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influenceofevaporationonwaterbalanceatthefivelakesbeginninginthemid-20thcenturywhich
isunprecedentedinthecontextofthepast~300years.Second,wecharacterizehydrological
conditionsacrossthedeltain2015,justoneyearafterthemostwidespreadfloodingofthepast
twodecades,toshowthatthefloodwatershadlargelyshort-term(within-year)effects.Findings
confirmthedeltahasenteredanewclimate-drivenregimeoflowwateravailability,which
threatensaquatichabitatandecologicalintegrity.
RethinkingtheGeographyofSmallCities:PlanetaryUrbanization’sInflectionPoints
Revington,N.(SchoolofPlanning,UniversityofWaterloo)
Urbanresearchhasbeenbiasedtowardscertainlargeglobalcities,aphenomenonknown
as‘metrocentricity,’whichignoresthedifferencesincontextandeverydayexperiencesofsmall
cities.Existingresearchonsmallcities,meanwhile,hasnotgenerallybeenconcernedwith
generatingtheory,andspecificallytheoriesofurbanization.However,recentinterestinthe
Lefebvre-inspiredtheoryofplanetaryurbanizationholdsthepotentialtobringsmallcitiesinto
viewthroughtheeponymousinsistencethaturbanizationisplanetary,andnotconfinedtocertain
reifiedcentres.Yetinpractice,planetaryurbanizationhasfailedtotranscendmetrocentricity.The
focusofthisliteraturehasbeeninsteadontheproliferationoflarge,denseagglomerations
(concentratedurbanization)atoneextreme,andtheextensionoftheurbanintonewfrontiers
throughresourceextractionandenclosure(extendedurbanization)attheother.Smallcities
thereforerepresentaconceptual,theoretical,andempiricalgapinurbanresearch.
Iadoptthemathematicalmetaphorofaninflectionpointtoarguethatsmallcitiescan
contributetoamorecompletetheoryofplanetaryurbanization,whileplanetaryurbanization
offersanewmeansofunderstandingsmallcities.Indoingso,Ihopetopreservethemost
compellingaspectsofplanetaryurbanizationwithoutdiscardingtheconceptofthecityorafocus
ontheeveryday.Thisalsoprovidesastrongjustificationfortheimportanceofsmallcitiesinurban
research:thefullheterogeneityofurbanizationprocessesisotherwiselost.
Keywords:smallcities,planetaryurbanization,urbantheory,metrocentricity
MappingandMonitoringMonarchHabitatwithUnmannedAerialVehicles
Robinson,D.T.,andRidge,J.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,University
ofWaterloo)
Monarchbutterflieshavedeclinedby90%overthepasttwodecadesduetothelossofmilkweed.
Thepresentedresearchseekstodeterminethegrowingconditionsandunmannedaerialvehicle
(UAV)parametersrequiredtoeffectivelymapandmonitormilkweed.Permanentplots(n=29;4m2)
wereestablishedinanabandonedfieldwithinwhichmilkweedheight,leafspan,andcountwere
measuredover9fieldvisitsspanningJuly29thtoSeptember26,2016.Afterfieldmeasurements
weretaken,theAeryonLabsSkyRangerUAVwithavisiblespectrumpayloadwasflownatmultiple
heightsovereachplot.PlotswererandomlylocatedusingaLeicaGSCS15globalnavigation
satellitesystemreceiverandbasestationtofacilitateimageregistrationwithaccurateplot
locations.Preliminaryinvestigationdemonstratedthatmilkweedleafspanhadlittlecorrelationto
plantheightandevenwithoutcoregistrationoffieldplotsandUAVimagery,aPearsonCorrelation
Coefficient=0.64betweenmilkweedfieldsamplingandimageidentificationwasattained,and
fieldworkisfun!Inthispresentationnewfindingswillbediscussedinourefforttoidentify1)the
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idealtemporalperiodforUAVmappingmilkweed;2)theidealsensingplatformheight,spatial
resolution,imageoverlap,andotherremotesensingparametersformilkweeddetection;and3)
spatialanalysisofmilkweedchangeoverthegrowingseason.Thepresentedresearchseeksto
determinetheutilityofUAVforplantmappingandcost-effectiveconservationstrategiesfor
milkweed,whichaffectsasignificantnumberofMonarchsoriginatinginsouthernOntario.
Exploringneoliberalmulticulturalism‘frombelow’
Rose,Erin(YorkUniversity)
Thispaperarguesthereisaneedforresearchthatconsidershowimmigrantsnegotiate,process,
andinterpretofficialnarrativesaboutCanadiannationhood.Howarenation-buildingnarratives
presentingovernmentdiscourseinvokedand/orchallengedbyimmigrantsthemselves?Immigrant
selectionandincorporationarekeycomponentsofnation-building,particularlyinsettlersocieties
likeCanada.MuchexistingresearchdocumentshowCanada’sapproachtoimmigrationhas
changedovertime,reflectingdifferentnation-buildingimperatives.Theremovalofovertrace-
basedselectioncriteriainCanadianimmigrationpolicyincombinationwithCanada’sofficial
commitmenttomulticulturalismareoftenconsideredevidencethatCanadaisamulticultural
nation.Changesinimmigrationpolicyandgovernmentrhetoricaroundmulticulturalismsuggest
Canada’smulticulturalnationalimaginaryisnowbeingreframedaccordingtoneoliberalrationales.
Inotherwords,thesechangessuggestCanadahasenteredintoneoliberaleraofmulticultural
nation-building,distinctfromtheliberalmulticulturalnation-buildingofthe1960s.Whereasthis
scholarshipinformsourunderstandingofofficialor‘elite’conceptualizationsofnation-building,in
comparisonlessisknownaboutwhetherandinwhatwaysthesenarrativesareinvokedand/or
resistedbyindividuals.Neglectingnation-buildingatamicro-levelrunstheriskoftreatingthe
nationasuncontested.
Keywords:Nation-building;multiculturalism;immigration;neoliberalism
EnhancingplanningandpreparednesscapacitiesforclimatechangeresilienceinWawa,
Ontario:Acommunity-basedphotovoiceapproach
Russo,Samantha.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurier
University).
TheintegrationoflocalandIndigenousKnowledgeindisasterplanningandmanagementhasthe
potentialtoincreaseresilienceinruralandAboriginalcommunitiesacrossOntario.Thisresearch
incorporatesfindingsfromaliteraturereview,andbuildsontheexistinggapswithincommunity-
basedparticipatoryactionresearch,throughacasestudyofthe2012Wawa-MichipicotenFirst
Nationfloodingevent.TenlocalcommunityparticipantsfromWawa,OntarioandtheMichipicoten
FirstNationswereinvolvedinaphotovoiceprojecttovisuallydocumenttheirexperiencesand
understandingsofthefloodingevent.Thisresearchprojectseekstodocumentcommunity
perceptionsandunderstandingstotheflooding’simpactoncriticalinfrastructure,byintegrating
theirperceptionsregardingthedisasterresponse,theircapacitytodealwiththeeventandany
ongoingproblems.Draftthemesweremodifiedthroughresearcherfacilitation,andanalyzedfor
furtherfindingsinordertohelpenhanceoverallresilienceandreducevulnerabilitiesinadisaster
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situation.Followingbestpractices,feedbackwasprovidedtothecommunityafterthephotovoice
project,throughafollow-upworkshopandphotoexhibit.
Keywords:emergencymanagement,photovoice,ruralOntario,criticalinfrastructure
OpportunitiesandConstraintsforCoastalAdaptationinMetroVancouver
A.Rutledge1
1UniversityofWaterloo,Waterloo,Canada.E-mail:[email protected]
MunicipalitiesinBritishColumbia’sLowerMainlandarevulnerabletoimpactsofclimatechange.
Sealevelrise(SLR)andcoastalhazardsthreatentheurbanizedandgrowingpopulation,unique
ecosystems,andimportantlocal,subnational,andnationalassets.Awarenessoftheriskshas
spurredtheneedforupdatedcoastaladaptationplanningandpolicyresponses.Generalcoastal
adaptationresponsesareknownasprotect,accommodate,avoid,andretreat.Manymunicipalities
inMetroVancouverareprotectedfromcoastalhazardsandfloodingfromhardstructural
adaptationmethods,withheavyemphasisoncoastalengineeringinfrastructure,suchasdikesand
seawalls.Alternativeapproaches,includingsoft-engineeringandnon-structuraladaptation
methods,suchasmanagedretreat,receivelessattention.Managedretreatisacoastaladaptation
strategyinvolvingtherelocationofpeopleandinfrastructureawayfromriskycoastalareas.Such
anadaptationstrategycanofferlong-termdefencefromSLRandcoastalhazards.Yet,significant
barriershindertheapplicationofmanagedretreat.Usingaqualitativeresearchmethodofactor-
centredkeyinformantinterviewsandareviewofrelevantliterature,researchexploresthe
opportunitiesandconstraintsforcoastaladaptation,withakeyfocusonmanagedretreat.Initial
findingsshowgreeninfrastructureapproachesaregainingmomentum,yetmanagedretreat
continuestobealessacceptableadaptationstrategyfacingnumerousbarriers.Further,findings
revealthathistoricalfloodprotectioninfrastructureandpolicyconstrainalternativeadaptation
choices,asmunicipalitieswereadaptedtoasetofconditionsunrepresentativeofthenewlong-
termrisksassociatedwithSLRandfutureclimatechange.Itisthereforeworthwhiletopinpoint
opportunitiestoenhancecoastaladaptation.
Keywords:Managedretreat,sealevelrise,coastaladaptation
SeekingIntegritybetweenGreenInfrastructureandIntensification
Authors
SaraSaboonian(PhDstudent,UniversityofWaterloo),PierreFilion(Professor,Universityof
Waterloo)
Abstract(250words)
Becauseofitsfocusonraisingdensityandmulti-functionality,intensificationmayoverlookthe
needforgreeninfrastructure(GI)andecosystemservices.TheProvinceofOntarioinCanadais
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tryingtomanageurbanexpansionbyintensifyingdevelopmentinsub-centres(UrbanGrowth
Centres,UGCs)whilepreservingsensitivenaturalareas.Thestudyconcentratesonthedistinctions
betweenGIandintensificationaswellastheformtheytaketourbandispersioninfastergrowing
NorthAmericanmetropolitanregions.
ThestudyexaminestwoUGCs,whichfunctioninthesameplanningsystem,butarecontrastedby
theirdevelopmentstage,protectednaturalland,andadverseenvironmentalconsequences
accordingtothedifferentplanningperiods.Themethodsincludereviewingtheacademicand
practiceliteratureonGIandintensification,analyzingtheOntarioprovincialplansandinterviewing
officialswholocallyconducttheGIandintensificationstrategiesoftheUGCs.
Theresultsindicatetheneedforamulti-scaleGIapproachthatbalancestherequiredspaceforGI
andintensificationinUGCs.TheGIdevelopmentintheseareasislimitedduetoinadequate
awarenessfortheGIdimension,increasedenvironmentaldis-connectivitybyhighwaysand
parking,andlackofsharingGIstandardsandexperimentsdevelopedbyeachmunicipalityamong
UGCs.
FindingssuggestarangeofpossibleGIinterventionsbychangingthestreetpatternsand
integratingGIandtransportationinfrastructuretolocallyenhancednaturalsystemsofexisting
UGCs.ThereisaneedforthedefinitionandacknowledgmentofGIinlocalenvironmentalpolicies
toachieveanenvironmentallyconsciousland-useplanningwithinthecontextofintensification.
KeyWords(GreenInfrastructure,Intensification,Planning)
TheuncertainhealthgeographiesofkidneytransplantpatientsinGuadalajara,Mexico
CarlosE.Sanchez-Pimienta1,PaulinaMadrigal-Vargas2,JeffreyMasuda1
1.CentreforEnvironmentalHealthEquity,SchoolofKinesiologyandHealthStudies,Queen’s
University
2.DepartamentodeSaludPublica,UniversidaddeGuadalajara,Mexico
Introduction. Health Geographers have shown that healthcare outcomes are contingent on
geographies far beyond the hospital. Inequalities are often exemplified by the variability in
healthcare coverage and service quality that people needing a kidney transplant for survival are
abletoaccessdependingontheirsocioeconomicposition.
Objective. This poster explores the experiences of people on low-income living with a kidney
transplant in a developing country as they navigate through everyday geographies surrounding
theirexperienceswiththehealthcaresystem.
Methods.AqualitativestudyundertakeninGuadalajara,Mexicobetween2013and2015involved
three group interviews with a total of 34 participants, either living with a kidney transplant or
waitingforone.Athematicanalysisidentifiedkeyinsightsfromtheirexperiences.
Findings. Themes included: (1) “Strugglingwith the health system”,which accounted for limited
medicalinformation,andlackoftrainedhealthpersonneltoprovidecare;(2)“Alwaysthemoney”,
in regard to the high cost of treatment, and the lack of health insurance; and (3) “Living in
uncertainty” depicted a continuous fear of rejecting the transplanted kidney, sudden and abrupt
healthchanges,andaninabilitytoplanaboutfuture.
Discussion. The findings describemultiple and geographically layered challenges of livingwith a
kidney transplant and experiencing the health care system. Whereas some of the identified
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experienceswerealreadyreportedintheliterature,anumberofdifferencesemergedinthecontext
of the fragmented and non-universal Mexican health care system; such as low satisfaction with
healthcareandhealthpersonnel,andimpoverishment.
Keywords:IllnessExperience,KidneyTransplantation,GeographiesofHealthCare
“ANANALYSISOFTHEMODEOFTHEPRODUCTIONOFGENDEREDSPACE”
Casestudies:MadarandQazvinSquaresinTehran,Iran
AnahidShirkhodaee
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity
Abstract
Urbanspaces,spheresforfreeunmediatedsocialinteractions,areimportantpartsofoureveryday
socialreality.Publicspaceisdefinedasanopenspacefreelyaccessibleto“thepublic”.Despitethe
rhetoricofinclusionthatpublicspacesaremeanttorepresent,todaysomeindividualsandgroups
(mainly women) are deprived of thesespaces. Women’s deprivation and removal from
spacehaveled to the formation of gendered spacewhich is tantamount to the erosion of public
spaceandarepresentationofspatialmaterializationofsocial inequalities.Thispaperattemptsto
analysis themode of the production ofgendered space and address processes, flows and power
relations that contribute to the production ofsuch spaces. To achieve these, the interaction and
association between existing genderedrepresentation`s (Patriarchal ideologies) and capital
relations inthegenderedspaceproductionareexamined. Itseemsthat,byreproducinggendered
relationsinspaceandproducinggenderedspace,thehegemonyofcapitalisseekingtoreproduce
existingunequal production relation.Researchproblem, therefore, is to examinepower relations
contribution to the production of genderedspace in order to take steps in reducing social
inequalitiesandpreventingthereproductionofgenderedspace.
KeyWords:
Theproductionofspace,capitalism,patriarchy,genderedspace,Iran
PUBLICATTENTIONTOENVIRONMENTALHAZARDS
AmberSilver1andJeanAndrey
1UniversityofWaterloo,200UniversityAve.W.,Waterloo,Ontario,N2L3G1
Overthelastcentury,socialscientistsacrossarangeofdisciplineshavemadeprogressin
understandinghumanresponsetoenvironmentalhazards.Yetdespitetheseadvances,thesocial
andeconomiclossesincurredfromnaturaldisasterscontinuetoriseforavarietyofcomplex
geophysicalandsocio-politicalreasons.Tothatend,researchersandpractitionersarefacedwith
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thesamechallengeastheirpredecessors:howtomosteffectivelyreducethesocial,economic,and
physicallossesincurredfromdisasters.Traditionally,socialscientistshaveaddressedthisquestion
throughavarietyofdifferentlenses,includingriskperception,culture,andeducation.However,
publicattention,whichisoftennotedwithinpsychologyandcommunicationsresearchforits
importanceinelicitingbehaviouralresponse,hasreceivedlittleattentionwithinenvironmental
hazards’research.Thispapercriticallyexaminestheconceptofpublicattention,andexploresits
roleinbehaviouralmodificationduringandafterpotentiallyhazardousevents.Theexisting
literatureonattentionissynthesizedandacomprehensivedefinitionisproposed.Next,a
conceptualmodelisintroducedtoilluminatehowattentiontosevereandhazardousweather
informationmaytranslateintobehaviouralmodification.
Keywords:knowledgemobilization;behaviouralmodification;severeweather;risk
ACriticalAnalysisofState-LedRecoveryofEndangeredSpecies
UsingtheCaseStudyofNorthernandSouthern
ResidentKillerWhalesinBritishColumbia,Canada
MeganSutton
MACandidateinGeography
UniversityofWaterloo
Abstract
TheSpeciesatRiskAct(SARA)inCanadaendeavorstopreventthedisappearanceofspecies,
recoverspeciesthatareextirpated,endangered,andthreatened,andtopreventspeciesfrom
becomingendangeredorthreatened.AfterspeciesarelistedunderSARA,arecoverystrategyis
developedandidentifieswhatmustbedonetostopthedeclineofaspecies.Next,arecoveryaction
planiswritten,whichspecifiesrecoverymeasuresandassessessocioeconomicimpacts.Usingthe
casestudyofNorthernandSouthernResidentKillerWhalesinBritishColumbia(forwhoman
ActionPlanwaspublishedin2014),thispaperidentifiesthekeytypesofregulatorymechanisms
usedtogovernprivatesectoractivityinmarineenvironments,andfinallyanalysestheviabilityof
regulatorymechanismsforprivatesectorstakeholdersintheActionPlan,concludingwith
recommendationsforeachinvolvedprivatesectorindustry.TheActionPlanfortheNorthernand
SouthernResidentKillerWhalesidentifiesmultiplestakeholders,includingthreeprivatesector
stakeholders:thetourism,agriculture,andfisheryindustries.Basedonthis,thisessayappliedthe
identifiedpolicymechanismstoeachprivatesectorinordertorecommendamechanismfor
each.Ultimately,thisessayrecommendseconomicincentivesintheformoftaxesforthetourism
andfisherysectors,andregulationfortheagriculturesector.
PosterTitle:TheRetailInvasion:NewForeignChainsinCanada
StephenSwales*,WayneK.Forsythe,JosephAversa
All:DepartmentofGeography&EnvironmentalStudies,RyersonUniversity
*Correspondingauthor:[email protected]
Abstract:AnewwaveofforeignretailersisarrivinginCanada.Manyoftheseretailersareupscale
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intheirmarketorientation.ThecountryoriginsofthesenewcomersarediverseincludingtheUSA,
theUK,France,Italy,Spain,Japan,AustraliaandNewZealand.Thisposterexaminesthespatial
patternsofthesenewarrivalsandthesupplyanddemandfactorsunderlyingthechange.
Keywords:foreignretailers,Canada
Sixtyyearsofvaluationstudiesforweatherandclimateforecastservices:Ameta-analysis
MillionTadesse(Presenter),BrianMills-UniversityofWaterlooAbstract:Inrecentperiod,economistsandmeteorologicalscientistsincreasinglyinterestedin
applyingbothdemandandproductionfunctionbasedeconomicvaluationmethodstoestimatethe
dollarvalueofweatherandclimateforecastservices.Declineingovernmentfundingandthe
tendencyofthegeneralpublictoquestionwhetherthebenefitsofprovidingtheseservices
outweighthecostsoftenexplaintheneedforeconomicvaluationresearchinweatherandclimate
forecastservices.Thispaperusesameta-analysistoevaluatetheliteraturethatuseddemand-side
approachtovaluehouseholds’WTPforweatherandclimateforecastservices.Althoughthis
approachiscommonlyusedinotherareasofstudies,ithasnotbeenappliedtoinvestigatethe
sensitivityofwillingnesstopayestimatesforweatherandclimateforecastservicesconductedby
researchersoverthelast60years.Basedonasetofscreeningcriteriadetailedinthisarticle,22
studieswereselectedforthecurrentmeta-regressionanalysis.Resultsfromthisstudyindicatethat
estimatesobtainedbyvariousresearchersoverthelastsixdecadesaresensitivetosamplesize,the
typeofelicitationandanalyticalmethods,qualityofthestudy(publishedorunpublished)andthe
typesofinterviewmethodemployedbyindividualstudiesamongotherfactors.Afteradjustingfor
inflationandnation’scurrencydifferences,ameanWTPvalueforweatherandclimateforecast
serviceswasderivedtaking2015asthebaseyear.Finally,recommendationsweredrawnfromthe
studytoimplicatefutureeconomicvaluationofweatherandclimateforecastservices.
Title:Theexperiencesandperceptionsofflood-proneCanadians:Preliminaryresultsfroma
nationalfloodriskperceptionsurvey
Authors:Dr.JasonThistlewaithe1,Dr.DanielHenstra2,Dr.DanielScott3,andDr.CraigBrown4
1AssistantProfessor,SchoolofEnvironment,EnterpriseandDevelopment,UniversityofWaterloo
2AssociateProfessor,PoliticalScience,UniversityofWaterloo
3Professor,GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo
4PostdoctoralFellow,InterdisciplinaryCentreonClimateChange,UniversityofWaterloo
Keywords:Floodriskmanagement;climatechangeadaptation;riskperception
Abstract:TheresultspresentedinthissessionarebasedonanationalsurveydeployedinSpring
2016whichreceivedroughly2,300respondentsacrossall10Canadianprovinces.Allrespondents
livedinareasthathadbeendesignatedundertheFloodDamageReductionProgram,thoughonly
16% (n=383) had experienced a flood. Selected results from this sample will be descriptively
explored to highlight the experience Canadians have hadwith floods, their perceptions of future
risks,theirdegreeofconcern,andtheirattitudestowardsresponsibility.Forexample,respondents
wereaskedtoallocateresponsibilityforfinanciallossesarisingfromflooddamage,choosingfrom
personal responsibility, various levels of government aid, flood insurance coverage, and NGO
support.Theresults indicatea lowdegreeofpersonalresponsibilityforflooddamage,andahigh
expectation for government and insurance coverage support. These expectations are not aligned
with the realitymany property ownerswill face after a flood, the implications forwhichwill be
discussed.Thepresentationwillconcludewithapresentationofresultsinwhichrespondentswere
askedtoratetheirsupport forvarious floodriskmanagementpolicies.Forexample,respondents
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wereaskedtousea5-pointscalerangingfromcompletelydisagreetocompletelyagreetoratethe
statement“Floodinsuranceshouldbemandatoryforresidentialpropertiesindesignatedfloodrisk
areas.”Followingadiscussionoftheseresults,plansforfurtherwillbebrieflyoutlined.
Insearchofgreenerpastures:Migrationdecision-makingofFilipinonurses
MaddyThompson,NewcastleUniversity(visitingscholaratBalsillieSchool),
Thereisaconsiderableamountofresearchwhichexaminesthedecision-makingprocessesof
migrants,yettheoverwhelmingmajorityofthisresearchfocusesonlyonthosewhoaspireto
migrate.Thispaperexploresthedecision-makingprocessesofnursesandnursestudentslivingin
MetroManila,thePhilippines.ItexamineshowdespitethefactthatmanyyoungFilipinosenter
nursingeducationasameanstoacquirea‘passport’tooverseasopportunities,thataspirationsof
overseasemploymentforsomedisappearasdomesticopportunitiespresentthemselves.While
manycontinuetoimaginetheirfuturesoverseasin‘greenerpastures’,othersturntonovel
opportunitieswithinthePhilippinesasameanstofulfiltheirdesires.
ThestoriesofnursesdemonstratehowthePhilippines’‘cultureofmigration’shapesthelifechoices
ofmanyyoungpeople,butdoesnotnecessarilyleadtoaspirationsofmigration.National
discoursessuchasBagongBayani(nationalhero)whichoncepushedthePhilippines’youthoverseasinsearchofopportunitieswhichwouldenabletheirsocialmobilityonreturnbecomeless
importantasnursesdeploytheirskillstofindbetteropportunitieswithoutmigrating.Iarguethe
Philippines’‘cultureofmigration’mustbere-examinedinlightofthesenewtrends.Migrationitself
appearsnottobevalued,ratherthebenefitsassociatedwithmigrationare.Wherepeopleareable
toaccruesuchbenefitswithoutundergoingthetraumaassociatedwithleavingfamilyandfriends,
migrationformanybecomesdevalued.‘Greenerpastures’caninsteadrefertoopportunities
beyond(yetoftenlinkedwith)nursing,ratherthanopportunitiesbeyondthePhilippines.
Keywords:Philippines,migration,nurses,culturalgeography
AspatialanalysisofbreastcancerinSouthernOntario
JennyTjhin,IsaacLuginaah
DepartmentofGeography
UniversityofWesternOntario
Abstract:
BreastcanceristhemostcommonformofcancerforwomeninCanada.Inspiteofthisfact,thereis
stillnoidentifiedspecificcauseforthedisease..Breastcancerclusteringbygeographicareahas
beenanimportantpublichealthissueforsometimenow.Spatialanalysisofdiseasepatternscanbe
usedtoidentifypotentialenvironmentalfactorsthatmayplayaroleintheetiologyanddistribution
ofbreastcancerandwillhelptobetterunderstandthevarianceofbreastcancercasesthatmaybe
unexplained.ThisstudyaimstoexaminethespatialtrendofbreastcancerincidentsinSouthern
Ontarioovertime.Thedataforthestudycomprisesalistofbreastcancercasesfrom1993to2013.
UsingKulldorff’sspatialscanstatisticsoftware,SATScan,theanalysisrevealspersistentclustersof
breastcancer.Theresultwillbeusedforfurtherinvestigationofpotentialenvironmental
influences.
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Keyword:breastcancer,clusteranalysis,spatialscanstatistic
Carbonandmethaneexchangeinarestoredpeatland:evaluatingtheroleofthree
graminoidspecies
Touchette,S.1andStrack,M.1
1UniversityofWaterloo,ON
Closeto30,000haofCanadianpeatlandhavebeendisturbedbyextractionforhorticulture;this
affectstheirabilitytoactasasinkforatmosphericcarbon.Thestudysite,situatedincentral
Alberta,isarestoredpeatlandcolonizedmostlybygraminoids.Althoughgraminoidspeciesare
oftengroupedasoneplantfunctionaltype,thegreenhousegasexchangeofindividualspeciesin
restoredecosystemsisnotwellquantified.Wefocusedonthreespeciesofgraminoidsalongthe
hydrologicgradient:Eriophorumvaginatum(E.vag),Calamagrostiscanadensis(C.can)andCarex
canescens(Cx.can).Inordertoquantifyeachspecies’impactonfluxesofcarbondioxide,
measurementsweremadewithanInfraredGasAnalyzerconnectedtoastaticclearchamber,while
methanefluxmeasurementswereconductedwithanopaquechamberwithconcentration
determinedwithagaschromatographinthelab.ResultsofAugust2015indicatethatthegross
ecosystemphotosynthesisandecosystemrespirationweregreaterforeveryspeciesunderwet
conditions.Therewasgreatersequestrationasnetecosystemexchangeunderwetconditionsforall
species,E.vaghavingthegreatest.Methaneemissionsweresimilarunderwetordryconditionsfor
anygivenspecies.Inconclusion,thethreespeciesofgraminoidshavesimilarresponsesunderwet
conditions,butshowdistinctresponsesunderdryconditionsforcarbonexchange.Asformethane
exchangeforeveryspecies,theemissionsarenotrelatedtothehydrologicgradient.Futureresults
willshowifthesespeciesdemonstrateenoughdisparitytobeconsideredindividuallyinprocess-
basedmodelsofcarbonandmethaneexchangeinrestoredpeatlands.
Keywords:peatland,graminoid,carbon,methane
WeatherandHydrologicalDatafortheCCRNSpecialObservationandAnalysisPeriodinthe
WesternCanadianArctic.
M.Tsui,P.Marsh,B.Walker,P.Mann,andE.Wilcox
Abstract
TheChangingColdRegionsNetwork(CCRN)SpecialObservationandAnalysisPeriod(SOAP) isa
collaborative initiative to collect, observe, and analyze hydrometeorological data at sites across
westernandnorthernCanada.This studywilldescribeadata set collectedat theWilfridLaurier
IntegratedEcosystemObservatory calledTrailValleyCreek (TVC).Datawas collectedduring the
2014to2015hydrologicalyear–aperiodfromOctober2014toSeptember2015.Datacollection
and analysis across multiple watersheds throughout the CCRN study region has been a key
objectiveofCCRNasitwillenableevaluationandinter-comparisonoflandsurfaceandhydrological
modelswiththeiroutputs.Thedatasetisintendedforfurtherprocessingandqualitycontrol,andis
accessibletoCCRNinvestigatorsandcollaborators.Theaimofthisstudyistoobserveandanalyze
thevariationsofmeteorologicaldata and streamdischargeatTVCduringSOAP.Analysisof field
dataincludeshourlydischarge,airtemperature,relativehumidity,wind,andprecipitationatTVC.
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CommunityHealthWorkersandMaternalHealthcareinRwanda:
Barrierstotheprovisionofadequateservices
Authors:
GermaineTuyisenge,MA,DepartmentofGeography,SimonFraserUniversity,Canada
CelestinHategekimana,MD,MA,SchoolofPopulationandPublicHealth,UniversityofBritish
Columbia,Canada
IsaacLuginaah,PhD,DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofWesternOntario,Canada
DavidCechetto,PhD,SchulichSchoolofMedicineandDentistry,UniversityofWesternOntario,
Canada
StephenRulisa,MD,PhD,DepartmentofObstetricsandGynecology,CollegeofMedicineandHealth
Sciences,UniversityofRwanda
Abstract
Reducingbarrierstoaccessingmaternalhealthcareisoneofthecriticalcomponentstoimproving
overallmaternalhealth.Thisstudyusedaqualitativeapproachtoexplorethechallengesthat
CommunityHealthWorkers(CHWs)facewhileprovidingmaternalhealthcareinRwanda.CHWs
arethedirectcontacttomothersinthecommunities.Theyprovidebasicmaternalhealthservices
suchaseducationandinformationontheaccessandutilizationofhealthfacilitiesformaternal
healthcare.Suchinformationincludetheuseofantenatalservices,informationandserviceson
familyplanning,behaviourchange,deliveryinhealthfacilitiesaswellasmaternalmentalhealth.
TheworkofCHWsintheareaofmaternalhealthcombinedwithothergovernmentinitiativeswere
aimedtohelpRwandameetthe5thMillenniumDevelopmentGoal“Reducebythreequarters,
between1990and2015,thematernalmortalityratio”.Despitesuchatremendousreductionof
maternaldeaths,Rwandastillranksamongthecountrieswithhighratesofmaternalmortality.The
resultsofthisresearchhighlightthebarrierstotheprovisionofadequatematernalhealthservices
byCHWsinRwanda.ReducinggeographicalbarriersandequippingCHWswithmoretrainingand
resourceswouldhelptoimprovethequalityofcareprovidedtomothers.
KeyWords:CommunityHealthWorkers,Maternalhealthcare,Access,Rwanda
AssessingtheSpatialandTemporalTrendsofSeasonalIceinapeatlandintheWestern
BorealPlains;MethodsandPreliminaryResults
BrandonVanHuizen(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof
Waterloo)
Dr.RichardM.Petrone(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof
Waterloo)
TheWesternBorealPlains(WBP)experienceasub-humidclimatewhereevapotranspiration(ET)
oftenexceedsprecipitation.Evaporativestressinpeatlandsmaycausethewatertabletodecrease,
anddesiccationofsphagnummoss,thedominantspeciesinpeatlands.However,thisisnotthecaseintheWBP.Seasonalgroundice(SGI)maybeanimportantcontrolonETinWBPpeatlands.AsSGI
melts, itcontributesmoisture to therechargezoneandprovidesasteadysupply forET.Thiscan
resultinpeakETratesoccurringearlierinthegrowingseasoninsteadofcoincidingwithpeaknet
radiationlaterinthesummer.Astheclimatewarms,itisexpectedthatSGIcharacteristicsandits
influenceonETwillchange.Therefore,itisimperativetounderstandthetimingandspatialextent
ofSGIatpresent,inordertounderstandhowtheywillrespondtofutureclimatechange.Thisstudy
assessesthespatialandtemporaldistributionofseasonalgroundice(SGI)inWesternBorealPlains
(WBP)peatlandsandtheimpactsonET.Datawascollectedfor2014and2015atapeatlandlocated
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in theWBP.Subsurface temperatureprofileswere installed tocharacterize freeze/thawpatterns.
Anicesurveywascompleted(April-May,2016)toassessthespatialdistributionofSGI.Preliminary
results show that the spatial distribution of SGI is heterogeneous during melt, which may
contributetosoilmoisturevariabilityintherechargezone.SGIin2016meltedoutinMaycausing
differingSGIspatialpatternstooccurduringthemeltperiod.Nextstepswillincludesnowsurveys
inordertounderstandthetimingofSGIformation,andusingamodellingapproachtounderstand
howSGIcharacteristicswillchangeunderdifferentclimatechangescenarios.
KeyWords:SeasonalGroundIce,WesternBorealPlains,Evapotranspiration,Peatlands
MeetingtheDemandforGeoscienceInformation?:AJurisdictionScanofCanadianProvincial
Surveys’GeohazardsProgramsandProjects
ShonaL.vanZijlldeJong,DepartmentofEarthSciences,LaurentianUniversity,Sudbury,OntarioEmail:[email protected]
Thispreliminaryreport,alongwithourpaperCanadianHazardRiskLandUsePlans(presentedatthe2016WorldConferenceonDisasterManagementResearch)isthefirstknownsystematic
multidisciplinarystudythatinvestigateshowtheCanadianFederalGovernment’scommitmentto
theHyogoFrameworkforAction2005-2015andtheSendaiFramework(2015-2030)influences
provincialgeohazarddatasetsandproducts.
ThisstudywasaimedatunderstandingwhetherCanadianProvincialGeologicalSurveyshave
geohazardprogramsorprojectstoprovidegeoscienceinformationforhazardcharacterizationand
identificationtoimproveriskassessments.Italsosoughttodetermineifthesehaveresultedin
improvedregulationoflanduseplanningorbuildingcommunityresiliencetodisasterrisk.
MethodsusedtoassessifCanadianProvincialGeologicalSurveyshadgeohazardprogramsor
projectsincluded:interviewswithkeyinformants(face-to-face,telephoneandemail)and
reviewinggeohazardprojectinformationproductsavailableontheInternet.
ThispaperpresentspreliminaryresearchresultsinvestigatinghowBritishColumbia,Alberta,Nova
Scotia,Ontario,theYukon,andtheGeologicalSurveyofCanadatookastrategicviewofgeoscience
tosupportlanduseplanning.Yet–thekeyquestionremains:whethergeohazardsprogramsor
projectsprovidefit-for-purposegeoscienceinformationforhazardidentification/characterization
toimproveriskassessments,andiftheproductionofthisgeoscienceinformationiscausallyrelated
tochangesinlanduseplanning,changesincommunityresilience,orpublichealthregulation
outcomes.
Keywords:provincialgeologicalsurveys,geohazardprograms,riskassessment,community
resilience
GeoscienceResearch,CanadianRadonRiskScapesandPublicSafetyDecisionMaking
ShonavanZijlldeJong,DepartmentofEarthSciences,LaurentianUniversity,Sudbury,Ontario
MatthewLeybourneDepartmentofEarthSciences,LaurentianUniversity,Sudbury,Ontario
Email:[email protected]
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Thisgeoscienceradonriskforpublichealthandsafetyresearchwillprovideguidanceforfuture
initiatives.Informedbyresearchfrominformationecology,geospatialinformationfordisasterrisk
management,andparticipatorycommunitydevelopment,thisprojecthasthreeobjectives:
a) Detailhowprovincialgovernmentstakeastrategicviewofgeosciencetosupportlanduseplanningandpublichealthandsafetyinitiatives
b) Providegapanalysisofthelegislativecontextc) Documentactionableinformationproductscreatedtocommunicateradonriskd) Identifychangesincommunityresilience
Thispaperpresentspreliminaryresultsofourresearch,noting:
• Federal/Provincial/Territorialgovernmentsshareresponsibilityforradon
• Geologicalsurveysusefivemethodstospatiallydepictthegeologicaloccurrenceofradonin
radonhazardpotentialmaps(thesesupportriskassessment,decision-making,policy,
regulationi.e.buildingcode,zoning,etc.andlanduseplanning)
• Geoscienceactionableinformationproductsfurtherdevelopedbyprovincialandnational
agencies(PublicHealthOntario,HealthCanadaandothers)helptosupportcommunities
withgeosciencebasedhazardriskreductionrecommendationsandmitigationmeasures.
• HealthCanada’sradonawarenessprogramsupportsevidence-basedpolicyandregulatory
developmentsinOntario.Importantly,theOntariocasestudyrevealsthevalueof
informationdeliverychainsinapopulationofnearly14millionseekingtoreducethe
impactofcancerfromradoninOntario(1,080-1,550newcancercasesperannum-Cancer
CareOntario).
Yet–thekeyquestionremains:whetherchangesincommunityresilienceiscausallyrelatedto
publichealthinitiativesintegratinggeoscienceradonriskresearchorpublichealthregulation
outcomes.
Keywords:geologicalsurveys,radonrisk,communityresilience,informationproducts
MonitoringRainwaterHarvestingSystemsinIndiaUsingSatelliteRemoteSensing
Observations
Vanthof,V.R.,Kelly,R.E.J.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof
Waterloo)
Measurementsofvolumevariationsinwaterreservoirsareimportantastheycanproviderelevant
informationfordiagnosingclimatechangeandwaterresourcemanagement.Theconservationof
waterinIndiahasbeenachallengeevenwiththeinfrastructureofthousandsofwaterstorage
tanksusedasrainwaterharvestingsystemstoharvest,storeandsupplyrainwaterfordomesticand
agriculturaluse.Theunderuseofthesesystemsandtheoverextractionofgroundwatercombined
withtheuncontrolledspreadofaninvasiveplantspeciesintotankirrigationsystemshascreated
significantchallengesforwatermanagementinIndia.Remotesensing(RS)observationshavea
potentialtomonitorwaterbodiesoverlargescalesandataminimalcost.Themajorobjectivesof
thisresearcharetoa)monitorwaterlevelsinthetanksandb)mapthespatialdistributionof
Prosopisjulifloraspeciesthroughtimetoquantifyitsrateofencroachmentinthetanksystems.The
researchusesRSsatelliteobservationscombinedwithgroundsurveygeometryofspecifictanksin
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theGundarRiverbasininTamilNadutoclassifythevegetationfromitsspectralreflectanceand
quantifythechangesinwaterextentandvolumeinthetanks.Thispaperreportsonearlyfindings
fromfieldworkconductedin2016.TheresultsofthisresearchwillevaluatetheutilityofRS
observation-basedapproachestowaterlevelmonitoringandProsopisjulifloraencroachment
relativetolocalinsituestimatesandofferasystemicapproachtosupportscientificeffortsinwater
management.
Keywords:SyntheticApertureRadar;waterresources;Landsattime-series;Mesquite(Prosopisjuliflora)control
Waterrisk-perceptioninNyanchwa,Kenya
JoannVarickanickal,ElijahBisungandSusanElliott;DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmental
Management,UniversityofWaterloo
About748millionpeopleareunable toaccess to improvedsourcesofwater.Poorwater,
sanitation andhygiene (WaSH)practices exposemanyvulnerablepopulations, especiallywomen
andgirls,topreventablewaterbornediseasessuchascholeraandhepatitisE.Theobjectiveofthis
projectistoexploreperceptionsaroundthelinkagesbetweenthewaterandhealthofthoseliving
inNyanchwa,Kenyawithaparticular focusonwomenandgirls.Womenaged16andolderwere
recruitedforthisstudyusingthe ‘snowball’ technique.In-personinterviewsandphotovoicewere
used.After takingthepictures,eachparticipantwasaskedtoselect threephotos foradiscussion
facilitatedbytheresearcherusingpredeterminedquestions.Iwillassistwithcleaningandcoding
the informationcollectedfromthephotovoiceandinterviewstodeterminewhat linkageswomen
and girls living in Nyanchwa see between the water and health and what they see as potential
solutions.Asthereareseveralschoolsinthecommunity,thereisthepotentialforwomenandgirls
fromavarietyofeducationlevelstobeincludedinthisstudy,possiblysheddinglightonifthereisa
difference in the perception of water and health among those from various backgrounds of
education in this community. If there is littleknowledgeaboutwater and sanitationandhygiene
practices,thenfurthereducationalinitiativescanpotentiallybeimplemented.
Keywords:Water,Health,Kenya
PAPERTITLE:VEGETATIONCOMMUNITYCOMPOSITIONASANINDICATOROFNATURAL
AREAHEALTHINMISSISSAUGA,ONTARIO
AUTHOR:STEPHANIEVARTY
Abstract:Inrestorationecologytheconceptofareferencesiteisusedtomaintainaquantifiable
endgoalforrestorationprojects,focusingonecosystemhealthandsustainability.Inurban
restorationprojectstheuseofreferencesitesoftencreatesunrealisticgoalsasbioticandabiotic
characteristicsofasystemhavebeenpermanentlyalteredduetostressorsassociatedwith
urbanizationandfragmentationoflandscapes.Biologicalindicatortaxacanbeusedtocreatea
multi-variateframeworkwhichprojectscharacteristicsofanindicatortaxatorepresentthehealth
ofeachsiteinrelationtooneanother.Thisapproachisappliedtourbanterrestrialecosystemsto
answerthequestions:1)Isvegetationcommunitycompositionanaccuratebiologicalindicatorof
naturalareahealthinMississauga,Ontario?2)Howcanmulti-variatestatisticalanalysisbeusedto
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makeeffectivedecisionsinurbanterrestrialrestorationplans?Therelationshipbetween
vegetationcommunitystructure,ecosystemstressorsandspatialstructurewereassessedusing
linearregressionmodelsandprincipalcomponentsanalysis.Resultshighlightthatthe
interpretationofvegetationcommunitystructureasaframeworkforcreatingastatistically
accuratereferenceframeworkislimitedduetotheecologicallycomplexnatureofthecommunities’
interactions.Theroleofspeciescompetitionandinvasivespeciesincommunityregulation
demonstratethatthegeneralscaleatwhichcommunityandstressordataiscollectedatinurban
managementplansmaynotresultinaccurateindicationofecosystemhealth.
Keywords:Restoration;Terrestrial;Urban
#happy:landuseandhappiness
EricVaz,PhD
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies
RyersonUniversity,Toronto,ON,Canada
Abstract
The advances in smartphones have allowed a ubiquitous creation of media content, which is
availableataglobalscaleandtoalmosteverysingleindividualonEarth.InthecaseofInstagram,
this digital content are images often with a charge of emotional content, allowing by means of
textual analysis of specific hashtags to better understand subjective emotional states of users. I
exploretheuseofInstagram,aleadingphotosharingapplication,toanalyzethesentimentanalysis
ofGeoreferenceddataalignedtoperceptionofhappiness.Thisisachievedbyimageswithagiven
hashtag related to textual interpretationof the stateof subjectivewell-being.Thesehashtagsare
then geocoded, allowing conducting a spatially-explicit exploratory assessment. (i) A first spatial
construct ispresented lookingat the spatial autocorrelationpatternsat global and local level for
the region of the Golden Horseshoe as to allow the convergence of spatial clusters both for
predominanthotspotsandcoldspots. (ii)Following this, a landuseanalysis is carried forthas to
understandthemorphologyoflanduseintheregion.(iii)Finally,Iconstructalanduseaccounting
proxybymeansofcorrelationcoefficientsusingKendalltau-bcorrelation.Theresearchisframed
within the importance of adding large data sets of social networks the social sciences with
geographicalanalysisofferinganewdefinitionforregionalscience.Thepaperconcludesthatthere
aresignificantdifferencesbetweentheprofilesofhotspotsofsubjectivewellbeingandhappinessas
aresultingcausationofurbanlanduse.
Keywords:subjectivewellbeing;spatialanalysis;happinesslandscapes
Applyinganoveltheoreticalframeworktorecreationandtourismresearch:Thecasefor
ProtectionMotivationTheory
StephanieVerkoeyen,UniversityofWaterloo
Thispresentationwillexplorehowanoveltheoreticalframeworkcanbeappliedtoafieldof
research,usingProtectionMotivationTheorywithinthefieldofrecreationandtourismasacase
study.Itwilldetailhowthetheorywasinitiallyselectedbyexaminingboththetourismandclimate
changeadaptationliteratureandbroaderclimatechangeadaptationliterature.The
appropriatenessofthistheoryisexplainedthroughcomparisonstotwocommonlyappliedtheories
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inrecreationandtourism.Itwillthendescribehowapplicationofthisframeworkcanexpandour
knowledgeofexistingconstructs,focusingspecificallyonactivityinvolvementandplace
attachment.Finally,ageographiclensisadoptedtodiscusshowresponsesmightdifferdepending
onthelocationofthesamplepopulation.
KEYWORDS:tourismandrecreation;climatechangeadaptation;theoreticalframework;research
process
Title:SchoolnutritionpolicycomplianceinOntarioandAlberta:Anenvironmentalassessmentof
secondaryschoolvendingmachinedatafromtheCOMPASSStudy
Authors:Vine,M.M.1,Harrington,D.W.1,Butler,A.1,Patte,K.1,Godin,K.1,Leatherdale,S.T.1
AuthorAffiliations:1SchoolofPublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo
Abstract(254words)
Objectives:Toassesstheextenttowhichthefoodandbeveragesforsaleinvendingmachinesin
OntarioandAlbertasecondaryschoolsareincompliancewithprovincialschoolnutritionpolicies.
Methods:ObjectivedrinkandsnackdatafromvendingmachineswereexaminedamongOntario
andAlbertasecondaryschools,collectedthroughtheCOMPASSstudyoverthreeyears(2012/13,
2013/14,2014/15).Drink(e.g.,sugar-containingcarbonated/non-carbonateddrinks,etc.)and
snack(e.g.,chips,crackers,etc.)datawerecodedbyprice,locationofmachine(s)inschools,and
numberofunits.DescriptiveanalyseswereundertakenusingRversion3.2.3.Inordertoassess
policycompliance,nutritioninformationoftheavailableproductswerecomparedtonutrition
standardssetoutintheAlbertaNutritionGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth(2012)inAlberta,and
P/PM150(2011)inOntario.
Results:Resultsindicateadecreaseovertimeinthenumberofschoolssellingcrackers(26%vs.
17%),cakeproducts(12%vs.5%)andsugar-containingcarbonateddrinks(9%vs.3%)invending
machines,withunevenchangesinthenumberofschoolssellingchips(53%,67%,65%).Onthe
otherhand,resultsrevealincreasesintheproportionofvendingmachinessellingcookies(21%,vs.
40%)andchocolatebars(7%vs.13%)between2012/13and2014/5.
Conclusion:Thenutritionenvironmentiscomplex,andvendingmachinesareonecomponentofa
broaderfoodlandscapeinschools.Schoolvendingmachinecontentsreflectlimitedcompliance
withnutritionpolicyguidelines.Policycompliancecanbeimproveduponthroughaprovincial-
levelschoolnutritionpolicymonitoringandevaluationstrategy,includingon-goinginformation
sharingandsupport.
Keywords:schoolnutrition,builtenvironment,policyimplementation,schoolhealth
Applicationoffixed-wingUnmannedAerialSystemsforhigh-resolutiondocumentationof
snowmeltwaterbudgetacrossshrub-tundralandscapes
BrandenWalker1,PhilipMarsh1,PhilipMann1,TylerdeJong1
WilfridLaurierUniversity
Correspondence:[email protected]
Keywords:Hydrology,Snow,RemoteSensing,UnmannedAerialSystems
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ThehydrologicalcycleofArctic-tundraisgreatlyimpactedbythedepositionandredistributionof
snowduringthewintermonths.Theend-of-wintersnowcoverischaracterisedbysignificantsmall-
scale(oftheorderofafewmetres)spatialvariationsinsnowcoverdepth,density,andthussnow-
waterequivalent(SWE).Theend-of-winterSWEdistributionacrosstheselandscapesisshownto
havesignificanthydrologicalinfluencesduringthespringsnowmeltperiod,resultinginaspatially
heterogeneoussnowmeltandwithsignificantcontrolsonthetimingandmagnitudeofsnowmelt
runoff.Traditionalremotesensingtechniquesforquantifyingsnowcoverdepthandsnowcovered
areaduringmeltarecharacterisedbycoarsespatio-temporalresolutionsandthereforefailto
capturesmall-scalesnowcoverconditionsacrosssmalldistancesandoverthedurationofthe
snowmeltperiod.Thisstudyaimstocapturesmall-scalespatialvariationsinend-of-wintersnow
depthanddocumentthespringsnowmeltchangesinsnowdepth,snowcoveredareaandbasin
waterstorageatunprecedentedhigh-resolutionsthoughtheapplicationofafixedwingUnmanned
AerialSystems(UAS).Ourmulti-yearstudyrevealsastrongcorrelationbetweenobservedand
measuredsnowdepthatacatchmentscaleanddemonstratesasuccessfulapplicationofUASfor
measuringsnowdepth.Theadditionofin-situhydrologicaldataallowsforhighspatio-temporal
quantificationofend-of-winterSWEandsnowmeltacrossourstudybasin,allowingforadetailed
documentationofthecomplexanddynamicspringsnowmeltrunoffprocessesinthesetundra
ecosystems.
Rainwaterharvestingasadaptationtoclimatechange:aninterdisciplinaryquestion
JohannaWandel,UniversityofWaterloo
SouthernIndiahasundergoneabroad-scaleshiftinwatermanagementsincethelate19thCentury.
Traditionally,bothruralandurbanareasreliedonmonsoonharvesting,thesurfacestorageofhigh
seasonalrainfallinsmalltomedium-scalereservoirs.Thegroundwaterboomofthe20thCentury
resultedinthewidespreadadoptionofdeepdrilledwellsandassociatedgroundwaterpumping.
Groundwaterrechargehasnot,however,keptpacewithpumping,resultinginincreasinglydeeper
wells.Thecurrentstateofgroundwaterover-exploitation,thelackofaccesstogroundwaterfor
agriculturalpurposesamongnon-wellownersandthepotentialofaweakeningAsianmonsoon
haveledtocallsfortherevitalizationoftraditionalsurfacewaterstorageinruralareasasasolution
forsupply,equityandclimatechangeadaptationproblems.Small-scalerainwaterharvesting
structuresarenowfrequentlyseenasthemostcost-effective,efficient,andenvironmentallyneutral
meansofmeetingdemandinmonsoon-controlledwater-stressedregionsandcontributingto
meetingtheMilleniumDevelopmentGoalsaswellasadaptationtoclimatechange.Evaluatingthe
potentialofsmall-scalerainwaterharvestingforadaptationtoclimatechangeandequityrequires
aninterdisciplinarygeographicalperspective,fromlivelihoodsresearchtohydrology,with
additionalexpertiseinagent-basedmodelling,commonsgovernanceandevenremotesensing.This
paperillustratesthisargumentwithacasefromsouthernTamilNadu,India.
Keywords:rainwaterharvesting,adaptation,commonpropertygovernance
Evaluatingtheeffectsofroadnetworkstructureontrafficcongestionandretailstoresales
JunyiWangandDerekT.Robinson(GeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,Universityof
Waterloo)
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Keywords:networkanalysis,trafficcongestion,accessibility,retailsalesestimation.
Thephysicalroadsystemplaysacriticalroleinenvironmentalandcityplanning.Inthecontextof
retailstoreallocation,measuresofaccessibilityandtheeaseandwillingnessofconsumersto
commutetoandfromthestorecanbeessentialtorevenuegenerationandsuccess.Toquantify
accessibilityrequiresadetailedexaminationofroadnetworkandinmanycasesmodelingto
estimatepotentialtrafficcongestion.Theapplicationofnetworktheorytoassesstheaccessibilityof
roadsegmentsandlandparcelsisnon-existent.Researchontheeffectsofthestructureoftheroad
network,vianetworkanalysis,canfacilitateidentifyingpotentialcongestionissuesand
subsequentlytheeffectsofcongestiononcommercialperformance(e.g.,retailsales).The
applicationofnetworkanalysistoaroadnetworkisdistinctivefromapplicationsinother
disciplines(e.g.,sociology,ecology),since,amongothernetworkattributes,theroadnetworkisa
low-dimensionnetworkwherethemaximumdegreerarelyexceedssix.Inadditiontoconceptually
interrogatingthedifferencebetweensocialandroadnetworksfornetworkanalysis,thepresented
researchdescribespreliminaryresultsthatshowtherelationshipofdifferentnetworkmetricswith
simulatedtrafficcongestion.Thepresentationwillconcludebydiscussinghowtheseresultswillbe
usedtostatisticallyevaluatethestrengthoftherelationshipbetweennetworkattributesandretail
salesrelativetosocio-demographicandsite-locationcharacteristics.
PaperTitle:
TheUnevenImpactofWaterSecurityIssuesforInuitinIqaluit
Author:
VictoriaWatson,MAStudent
YorkUniversity
Toronto,Ontario,CA
(647)680-9446
KeyWords:Arctic,Water,Gender,EmotionalEcologies
IntheArctic,Inuitcommunitiesoftenfacespecificandseriouschallengesaccessing
adequateandsafemunicipalwater.InIqaluitspecifically,thecommunityexperiencesfrequent
watershutdownsandshortageduetoaginginfrastructureandinconsistentdailywaterdeliveryfor
thosewhoarestillontruckedwater.Thispaperwilldiscussthepreliminaryresultsoffieldwork
undertakenin2016.UsingprinciplesfromIndigenousmethodologiesinconcertwithan
intersectionalfeministframework,datawascollectedthroughaseriesof21semi-structured
interviewswithInuitcommunitymembersandvariousopportunitiesforexperientiallearning.
Groundedinplaceandwithanemphasisontheeverydaynessofwatershortage,theresultsshow
howwatersecurityisanemotional,embodiedexperiencethatmaybeverystressful,butaffects
differentgroupsdifferently.Specificresultswillbediscussedwithrespecttoageandgender.This
paperconcludeswithstrategiesandadaptationsthatcommunitymembersoftenusetoaccess
waterduringtimesofwatershortage.
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TraditionalEcologicalKnowledgeofBelugaWhale(Delphinapterusleucas)inachanging
climateintheInuvialuitSettlementRegion(ISR),NWT.
Authors
DevinWaugh1;Peace,Tristan1,2,Ostertag,Sonja3,Bradshaw,Ben1
1DepartmentofGeography,UniversityofGuelph,Guelph,ON
2SustainabilityResearchCentre,UniversityoftheSunshineCoast,Australia
3FisheriesandOceansCanada,Winnipeg,MB
Keywords
Arctic,traditionalecologicalknowledge,climatechange,beluga
Abstract:
TheBelugaWhale(Delphinapterusleucas)isanimportantspeciestothecoastalInuvialuit
communitiesoftheWesternNWT.Despitetheongoinglocalculturalandnutritionalimportanceof
belugawhale,andongoingscientificmonitoringintheregion,littleresearchhasexaminedlocaland
traditionalunderstandingsofbeluga.Thedearthofknowledgeismademorepoignantbytherapid
climaticandnon-climaticchangesthatareoccurringintheregion.Askeystakeholdersinthe
outcomesofbelugamanagement,InuvialuithaveindicatedtheirdesiretodocumenttheirTEKof
beluga.TheongoingresearchdocumentedTEKabouttheecologyandbehaviourofthebeluga
whale,huntingtechniques,andsubsistencepreparationunderchangingclimaticandnon-climatic
conditionsthroughacasestudyintheInuvialuitSettlementRegionfromJunetoAugust2016.
Ethnographicresearchmethodswereutilizedfordatagatheringactivities,includingsemi-directed
interviewsandparticipantobservation.Threeobjectiveswillbeaddressedthroughtheresearch,
including:(1)characterizingthelocalInuvialuitrelationshipwithbeluga,includingecological
knowledgeofthespecies,huntingtechniques,andsubsistencepreparation(2)documentingchange
andstressorsaffectingInuvialuit/belugarelationships,and(3)identifyingchallengesand
opportunitiesforinclusionofTEKinbelugaco-managementregimes.
ThisresearchispartofArcticNetProject1.8“KnowledgeCo-ProductionfortheIdentificationand
SelectionofEcological,Social,andEconomicIndicatorsfortheBeaufortSea”.
Climate-inducedenvironmentalchangeandthefutureoftourismattheAthabascaGlacier
Weber,M.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo),
Lemieux,C.J.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity),
Groulx,M.(SchoolofEnvironmentalPlanning,UniversityofNorthernBritishColumbia)andScott,
D.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo).
AnimportantelementofthetourismindustryinNorthAmericaisnature-basedtourism,which
mostlyoccursinparksandprotectedareas.Thesemajortourismresourcesareprojectedto
undergolargescalechangesasaresultofclimatechangeandtheimplicationsforvisitation,tourist
satisfactionandparkmanagementremainslargelyunexplored.Theaimofthisresearchisto
determinehowmuchchangetheAthabascaGlaciercansustainwithineachofthethree
componentsthatmakeuptheconceptofcarryingcapacity:environmentalresources,thetypeand
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qualityoftherecreationexperience,andtheextentanddirectionofmanagementaction.Usingthe
limitsofacceptablechangeframeworkandscenarioplanning,tourismdevelopmentscenariosfor
2050weredevelopedusingamatrixapproachwithvaluescorrespondingtocommitmentto
ecologicalintegrityandlevelofconsumerdemand.Visualizationsofthefourscenarioswere
presentedtotouristsattheAthabascaGlacierthroughatablet-basedsurveythatfocusedonvisitor
motivations,expectationsandsatisfactionwithcurrentandfutureconditions.Touristperceptions
andresponsestoenvironmentalchangearenotwellunderstoodandthereisverylittle
understandingofhowadaptationpathwayspursuedbyparksmaychangethewaypotential
visitorsperceivedestinationsandresultinchangesinvisitorpatterns.Theresultsofthisstudycan
beusedtobetterinformpolicyandmanagementdecisionsattheparklevelandhelpidentifywhat
needstobedonetoprotectCanada’ssignificantnature-basedtourismindustryinWesternCanada.
Keywords:ClimateChange,EnvironmentalChange,CarryingCapacity,Tourism
Title:Thehydrologicalimportanceofaspatiotemporallyvariablefrosttableinthewestern
CanadianArctic
EvanWilcox,DawnKeim,PhilMarsh,AndrewIreson,BrandenWalker,PhilipMann
Inareasofcontinuouspermafrost,thefrosttablemarkstheimpermeableboundarywithinthe
soil.Thisareaisalsocoveredbymineralsilt-clayhummocks,formedthroughcryoturbative
processes.Intheinter-hummockzonelieshighlyporousandhydraulicallyconductivepeat.These
featuresaffectsubsurfaceflow,soilwaterstoragecapacity,andstreamflowresponse.During2015
frosttabledepthwasmeasuredatahighspatiotemporalscalewithintheSiksikCreeksub-basinof
TrailValleyCreek(68.75°N,133.5°W).Weeklymeasurementsofhummock
andaccompanyinginter-hummockzoneswerecombinedwithsoilsamplesfromeachsitewhich
wereevaluatedforsoilmoisture,drybulkdensityandorganiccontent.Thedataproducedshowed
arapidtransitioninthetopographyofthefrosttablebetweenhummockandinter-hummockzones
midwaythroughthesummer.ThedatawasalsousedtoinvestigateasuggestionbyEndrizzietal.
(2011)thatthemaincontrolonactivelayerdepthintheinter-hummockzoneissoil
moisture.Documentinghowthefrosttablechangesatspatialandtemporalscalesistherefore
importanttounderstandinghowtheaffectedprocessesbehave,andallowsbettermodelling
capabilitytoexaminethefutureimpactsofclimatechange.
Endrizzi,S.,Quinton,W.L.,&Marsh,P.(2011).Modellingthespatialpatternofgroundthawina
smallbasininthearctictundra.TheCryosphereDiscussions,5(1),367–400.http://doi.org/10.5194/tcd-5-367-2011
KeyWords:activelayer,permafrost¸soilmoisture,hydrology
GlobalHealthfromtheMargins:ThoughtsfromStudentsEngaginginCross-Sectoral
Collaborations
LaceyWillmott,Geography,UniversityofWaterloo;DevinWaugh,Geography,UniversityofGuelph;
LesleyJohnston,PublicHealthandHealthSystems,UniversityofWaterloo,
Globalhealthhasundergoneanumberoftransitionsasitevolvedfromitsbio-medical,clinically
focusedoriginstoitscurrentfocusofachievingwellbeingandequityforall.Yetaswefacethe
challengesthatconfrontourplanetaryandpopulationhealthanothertransitioninglobalhealth
seemsimperative.Fromeconomicgrowthtopopulationgrowth,andfromenvironmental
degradationtoclimatechange,thesewicked,evensuperwicked,problemsdemandnotonly
broadlyconceivedresearchagendasandmulti-scalarinterventions,butofferanopportunitytore-
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imagethewaysinwhichweengagewithglobalhealthchallenges.Asyoungsocial
scientistsworkingfromwhatarecurrentlythemarginsoftraditionalglobalhealthresearchweare
inspiredbytheopportunitiesofferedbynewglobalcommitmentssuchastheUN’sSustainable
DevelopmentGoals,transdisciplinarity,andcomplexsystemsresearch.Thechallengesofworking
inthiswayaregreat,yetgiventhescopeoftheproblemswefaceperhapsitisvital.Weproposeto
explorethepotentialofwhatitmeanstostudyhealthfromthemargins,withinthecontextofthe
SustainableDevelopmentGoals.Wewillusethisopportunitytograpplewithprospective
challenges,andtocontemplatearesearchandactionagendathatweasyoungglobalhealth
researchersbelievemustbepursed,whilecallingonouraudiencefortheirthoughtsonourearly
deliberations.
Keywords:Globalhealth,healthtransitions,sustainabledevelopmentgoals
StudyingtheImpactsofaChangingSnowpackontheBathurstCaribouHerd,Northwest
Territories
NickWilson1,MichaelEnglish2,ColinRobertson3,JanAdamczewski4andRoyJudas5
1GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,[email protected]
2GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,[email protected]
3GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,WilfridLaurierUniversity,[email protected]
4WildlifeDivision,EnvironmentandNaturalResources,GNWT
5EnvironmentandNaturalResources,GNWT
Abstract
TheBathurstCaribouHerdhaveexperienceda~90%populationdeclinesince1996.Many
northernbarrengroundcaribouherdhaveexperiencedasimilardecline.Naturalpopulationcycles
dooccurwiththisspecies,yetthepopulationnumbersfortheBathurstherdaretheloweston
record.Itishypothesizedthatthecauseofthisdeclineislinkedtofoodavailabilityduringthe
wintermonthsandincreasingpredationratescausedbyachangingsnowpack.Itisthenimportant
toinvestigatethepatternsintheamountofseasonalsnowwaterequivalent.Itisalsobelievedthat
theamountofsnowonthegroundwillaffectcaribouherddistribution.Usingremotelysensed
snowdataandcollaredcariboudata,thisresearchaimstoinvestigatecorrelationsbetweenthese
twovariablesandtodeterminesimilaritiesofannualhomeranges.Temporalresolutionforthis
studyisfromtheyearsof1996-2013.Dataforbothsnowandcaribouhasbeenanalyzedforthis
timeperiod.ThecollaredcariboudatahasbeenusedtoexamineSWEexperiencedbyindividual
caribouandtoconstructannualhomeranges.Furtheringtheunderstandingoftherelationship
betweensnowandcaribouisimportantforfuturewildlifemanagementefforts.Understandingthe
snowpackchangeandhowdifferentvariablecanaffectcaribouiscrucialforthespeciespopulation
recoverandmanagement.Thisanalysisprovidesresultstoacomplexrelationshipbetweenthe
winterenvironment,changeinsnowpackcharacteristicsandtheBathurstCaribouHerdaswellas
theevolutionarytrendsoftheherd’sannualhomeranges.
Keywords:Caribou,Snowwaterequivalent,NorthwestTerritories
Title:EbullitionfromMarshSedimentsafterWetlandRestoration
Authors:
VictoriaWisniewski1,MScGeographyCandidate,UniversityofTorontoMississauga,Mississauga,
ONL5L1C6
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MonikaHavelka,SeniorLecturer,UniversityofTorontoMississauga,Mississauga,ONL5L1C6
TimDuval,AssistantProfessor,UniversityofTorontoMississauga,Mississauga,ONL5L1C6
Abstract:
RattrayMarshConservationArea,Mississauga,isarareecologicalgeminSouthernOntario.Itisthe
onlyfreshwatercoastalbay-mouthbarofitskindbetweenHamiltonandOshawa.Duringthe
wintersof2013through2015,theCreditValleyConservationAuthority(CVC)restoredtwo
sectionswithinthemarsh’sbay.Mineralsiltsedimentwhichhadaccumulatedoverthecourseof
decadeswasremovedthroughthemethodofdredging.Thepurposeoftherestorationwasto
exposetheunderlyingorganicsedimentlayer,enhancethelivelihoodofnativespecies,andmanage
invasivefloraandfaunaspeciespopulations.Thepurposeofthisstudyistotestwhetherthe
mineralsiltlayerfunctionedasabuffertohinderanaerobicgreenhousegases(GHGs)frombeing
releasedintotheatmosphere.Thestudyaimstoquantifytheebullitionvolumefluxesandmethane
(CH4)massfluxesthroughinsitumeasurementsandsamplingofebullitionevents.Ebullitiongas
bubbleswerecapturedusingfloatinginvertedfunnelbubbletraps.GaseswereanalysedusingGas
chromatography(GC)forCH4concentrationdetermination.Resultsindicatethatproportionately,
restoredsitesexhibitedhigherCH4concentrations,byvolume,thantheunrestoredreferencesite.
Significantdifferenceswereexhibitedacrossallstudysitesintermsofebullitionvolumereleases,
CH4massfluxes,waterheight,andsedimentcompositioncharacteristics.Finally,overallincreases
ofmeanebullitionvolumesandmeanCH4massfluxeswereexhibitedovertime,suggesting
populationgrowthofmethanogenicmicrobialcommunitiesinresponsetoasoiltemperaturelag.
Keywords:Ebullition,wetlands,restoration,Greenhousegases(GHGs).
1indicatespresentingauthor.
Title:UsingrLakeAnalyzerandConstantMonitoringBuoystoTrackCyanobacteriaBloom
DevelopmentinCallanderBayandWasiLake,Ontario
Author:KyleWittmaier(NipissingUniversityResearchAssistant)Abstract:Attachedinpdfformat
Keywords:Cyanobacteria,Limnology,rLakeAnalyzer
ThereportedoccurrencesofcyanobacteriabloomsinCanadianShieldlakesareonrise.
Understandingthecomplexmechanismsthatcontributetothesebloomshelpstoidentify
appropriatemanagementresponses.CallanderBayandWasiLakeareshallow,eutrophic,
polymicticsystemsincentralOntariothatoccasionallyexperiencecyanobacteriablooms.This
studyusesmeteorologicalandlimnologicalparameters,andwaterchemistryandphytoplankton
datatounderstandthemechanismscontributingtocyanobacteriabloomsinthesetwosystems.
MeteorologicaldataweregatheredattheCallanderBaybuoyandweatherstationsthroughoutthe
region.TheLakeAnalyzersoftwaredevelopedbytheGlobalLakeEcologicalObservatoryNetwork
isusetoanalyzethemeteorologicalcontrolsonmixingandstabilityofthewatercolumn.
Limnologicaldataarecollectedusingbuoysequippedwithtemperaturesensorsspacedverticallyat
1mincrementsanddissolvedoxygenprobe0.5mabovethebedtomonitoringmixingeventsand
hypoxia.Thesedatawillbecombinedwithbi-weeklywatersamples(dissolvedPandFe,sulfate,
nitrate,ammonium,andphytoplankton)collectedduringthe2016summer-fallseasonto
understandthesignificanceofinternalPloading.Bothsystemsshowevidenceofstratificationand
hypoxiathroughoutthe2016season,whichindicatesthepotentialforinternalPloading
contributingtotheeutrophicstatusoftheselakes.Thiswillbeconfirmedwhenwaterchemistry
andphytoplanktonsampleresultsbecomeavailable.
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BuildBackBetterDisasterRecoveryinJava,Indonesia:KeystoSuccessinVillage
ReconstructionandRelocation
Woodhall,B.(DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo)
ThereconstructionofPutonvillageinYogyakartaafterthe2006Yogyakartaearthquake,andthe
relocationofPucangMojoandMepitanvillagesinSurakartafollowingtheSoloRiverfloodof2007
were largelyconsideredsuccessfuldisasterrecoveryprojectsbyresidents affectedbydisaster
andoutsideobservers.Describingandexplaining thissuccesswithinaspecificgeographicaland
culturalcontext--Java,Indonesia--isinstrumentalinguidinggood,relevantrecoverypractices.
ThroughacriticalanalysisofinformalinterviewswithkeyresourcesinIndonesia,supplemented
by observation and secondary data, key factors behind the success of these recovery projects
identifiedbylocalsandlocalactorswerefoundtobeparalleltosomeofthekeyBuildBackBetter
propositions.Inparticular,threemainfactorswereidentifiedtobeparticularlyimportantinthese
Indonesian cases of disaster recovery: Communities led their own recoverywith support from
government and non-governmental organizations, hazard risk was reduced for the villages by
(re)buildingsaferandstronger,andlocalgovernmentsandactorswerekeystakeholdersthrough
therecoveryofthevillages.
Keywords:Indonesia,BuildBackBetter,disasterrecovery,disasterriskreduction
Theprivilegeofaparentalsafetynet:Millennialsandtheintergenerationaltransferof
wealthandresources
NancyWorth,DepartmentofGeography&EnvironmentalManagement�UniversityofWaterloo� 200UniversityAveW,Waterloo,ONN2L3G1
This paper examines the intergenerational transfer ofwealth and resources as amechanism for
coping with insecure work. As Millennials finish education and enter the world of work, many
experience labourmarketprecarity in the formofunderemploymentandunemployment, or find
jobs with little security or potential for upward mobility. In order to manage this insecurity,
millennialsoftenturntotheirparentsforvariousformsofsupport,includingmoneyforschoolor
day to day bills, job connections, housing, as well as care and emotional support. This
intergenerational transfer of resources is a form of privilege—not all parents can financially
support their children through their twenties, have the space for their adult children to live at
home, or have the social capital to get their children meaningful work. As a result an
intragenerational divide emerges as someMillennials have a parental safety net that helps themcopewithinsecureworkwhileothersstruggletomakeitontheirown.Usingindicativeexamples
fromresearchwithMillennialwomenand theirmothers, thispaper takesadetailed lookathow
forms of intergenerational transfer impact young people’s possibilities and choices in the labour
market.
Keywords:generation;inequality;housing;labour
137
CharacterizingtheSpatialExtentofaBasalChannelUnderAntarctica’sNansenIceShelf
UsingLowFrequencyGroundPenetratingRadar.
PeterWray
Keywords:Antarcticiceshelf,groundpenetratingradar,basalchannel,anisotropy
InNovember2016alowfrequencyGroundPenetratingRadar(GPR)surveywillbe
completedontheNansenIceShelfinAntarctica,overtopofabasalchannel,underapproximately
200mofglacialice.TwotothreeseparateGPRtransectswillberunoverthebasalchannelranging
fromwithin500mfromtheiceshelfedgetothehydrostaticgroundingline.Thisinvestigationis
designedtocharacterizetheshapeandlocationofthebasalchannelandtospatiallydelineatethe
openwatersectionfromthemarineicecomponentofthechannel.Thedatawillbeprocessedusing
ReflexWandsuppliedtocolleaguesatUniversityofCalifornia,Davisinordertodeployatethered
UnderwaterAutonomousVehicle(UAV)intothebasalchannelinearly2017.Thesitecan
experienceaveragewindspeedsof15m/s(Bromwichetal,1984)thatpreventtheaccumulationof
surfacesnowandfirn,whichgreatlyincreasetheGPRsignalattenuation.OtherworkwithGPRon
continentalicesheetshavedemonstratedthatthecrystalorientationfabricsofpolaricesheets
producedielectricanisotropythatcertainfrequencyrangesinteractwithdifferentlydependingon
theorientationoftheseselectromagneticwaveletsrelativetotheorientationofthec-axisoftheice
(Fujitaetal,2000).Assuch,anopportunitytoexaminethedielectricanisotropyofglacialice,an
oftenneglectedsourceoferror,isalsopresentedatthissiteduetothegoodgroundcontact
present.
Title:FinancialConstraintsofChina’sSmallandMediumEnterprises
Authors:
•RuilinYang(correspondingauthor)
DepartmentofGeographyandPlanning,UniversityofToronto
100St.GeorgeStreet,Toronto,ONM5S3G3,Canada.
•AlbertBerry
DepartmentofEconomics,UniversityofToronto
1DevonshirePlace,Toronto,ONM5S3K7,Canada.
Abstract(178outof250):
Whilesmallandmediumenterprises(SMEs)playedanimportantroleinChina’seconomic
developmentprocess,theyhavealwaysbeensufferingfromfinancialconstraints.Usingan
enterprisesurvey,combinedwithpersonalinterviewsintheHengliTownofDongguancity,this
paperinvestigatesthefactorsthataffectcreditaccessibilityofChinesesmallandmedium
enterprises.Themainfindingsarethataccesstofinanceimprovedasfirmsizeincreasedandthat
companiesinbetteroffregionshaveabetterchancetoreceivebankloans.Lookingatbank
ownershipstructure,state-ownedbanksaccountedforthemajorityofbankloansissued,which
indicatesthatdecisionsoncreditaccessibilityarestilllargelyinfluencedbystatepolicies.Finally,
throughinterviewingownersandbankingofficialsintheHenglitown,itisfoundthatfinancial
accessibilityofSMEsinChinaalsoinfluencedbylocalconnectionsandtheformalityandefficiency
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ofthefinancialsystem.Overall,thefindingssuggestthataccesstocreditofSMEsinChinaisclosely
relatedtofirmsize,theregionthatcompanieslocateinandtheformalityanddevelopmentofthe
financialsystem.
Keywords:SmallandMediumEnterprises,FinancialConstraints,ChinaIdentificationofBuildingSurfaceMaterialsUsingHyperspectralRemoteSensingImagery
ChengmingYe,VisitingScholar,[email protected]
SaiedPirasteh*,PhDstudent,[email protected]
JonathanLi,Professor,[email protected]
WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo
200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1
ABSTRACT
Themanagementofhazardousbuildingmaterialsposeslegalandfinancialchallengesforthosein
the construction, real estate and property management fields. Building surface materials have
different spectralresponses in theelectromagneticenergy spectrum.RemoteSensors can receive
theenergyreflectionandtransmissionfromthebuildingsurfacematerials.Thisstudyinvestigates
thespectralcharacteristicsofbuildingmaterials in thewavelengthranging from350nmto2500
nm,suchascoloursteel,clay,glazedtileandasphaltconcreteandsoon.Also,itdiscussesextracting
informationmethodsoftheconstructionmaterialsfromthehyperspectralremotesensingimages.
Thisstudyaccomplishesauniquepracticalappliedmodelofspectrummeasurementsandanalyses
ofcommonbuildingmaterialsbyusinghyperspectralremotesensingdataEO-1Hyperionoveran
urbanarea.Ourresultsshowthatbuildingsurfacematerialscanbeidentifiedbythehyperspectral
remotesensingimagerywithareasonablequalityasthespectralsensitivitytobuildingmaterialsis
different. For example, concrete andasphalt are more sensitive than other materials. Our study
concludedthatmethodsbasedonhyperspectralremotesensing imageryandspectralrecognition
techniqueareanefficientwaytoextracttheinformationofbuildingmaterials.
Keywords:buildingmaterial,hyperspectralremotesensing,spectralrecognition,spectrum
analysis
Commonattributesintrees:acasestudyoftheprivateurbanforestintheGreaterToronto
Area
VivianYip(presentingauthor)andTenleyConwayUniversityofTorontoRecentresearchhasemphasizedthathealthyurbanforestsshouldbecomprisedofawidediversity
ofspeciesinordertoincreaseecologicalintegrityandreducevulnerabilitytodiseases,extreme
weatherevents,andotherstressors.Inadditiontomaintainingdiversity,ecologicalintegrityis
supportedthroughthepreservationofnativetreespecies,whichareconsiderednecessaryto
maintainecologicalintegrity.However,urbanforestsareoftencomposedofnovelspecies
assemblages,includingexoticspecies,astheyareshapedbytheirphysicalcharacteristicsand
humaninfluence.Recentstudiesfoundthaturbanlandownersareselectinglandscapingspecies,
includingtrees,basedonasetofaesthetic(i.e.flowersandcolour)andfunctional(i.e.shade
139
provisionandfruitprovision)attributes,withoutconsideringspeciesdiversityorecological
integrity.Asthemajorityofurbantreesarelocatedonprivateproperty,landowners’preferences
expressedthroughtreeplantingandmaintenancehasasignificantimpactontheurbanforest.This
studyexplorestherelationshipbetweenspeciesdiversityandaestheticandfunctionalattribute
diversity,aswellasproperty-levelspeciesrichnessinrelationtohouseholdcharacteristics,to
betterunderstandhowlandownerchoicesmayimpacttheurbanforest.Fieldinventoriesoftrees
onresidentialpropertieswereconductedinMarkhamandOakville,Ontario.Household
characteristicsweregatheredthroughawrittensurveyfocusedonknowledgeandattitudes
towardsurbantrees.Findingsrelatedtoproperty-levelspeciesrichnessandaestheticand
functionalattributewillbeprovided.Thepresentationwillendwithadiscussionofprivate
landowners’influenceontheurbanforest.
Keywords:urbanforest,treeattributes,residentiallandscape,speciesdiversity
Title:FoodbyWard:FoodAssetsandOpportunitiesinToronto
Presenter:LaineYoung
Keywords:FoodSecurity,AssetMapping,Toronto,Community
Abstract
AcrossToronto,communitiesareworkingtirelesslytosolvefoodaccessproblemsandpromote
equitywithinthecity.However,inmanyareas,Torontoniansarestillfoodinsecure.Foodbyward
isaninitiativethroughTorontoPublicHealth’sFoodStrategyandtheTorontoFoodPolicyCouncil.
Thisprojectdocumentscommunityfoodassetswithinthecity.Theseassetsinclude,mobilefood
markets,healthierfoodretail,communityfoodagencies,foodboxprograms,emergencyfood
programs,communitykitchens,farmers’markets,studentnutritionprograms,schooland
communitygardens,foodco-opsandfoodfestivals.Promotingfoodassetswithinthecitywillwork
tonourishcommunities,growanediblecity,celebratefoodfestivalsandeventsandcreategood
foodjobs.Theassetsaremappedbythe44electoralwards.FoodbyWardisamethodof
engagementwithCityCounciltoworktowardsstrengtheningconnectionstomovefoodpriorities
forward,integratingfoodintobroaderCityplanning,andadvocatingequitabledistributionoffood
assetsacrosstheCity.Thisprojectusedmultipledatasourcesincludingcommunityconsultation
withorganizationsandindividualswhoareworkingwithinthesefoodassetsdaily,andexisting
opensourceCityofTorontodata.Inoutliningeachward’sfoodassets,wewerealsoableto
determinethefoodopportunitiesinthevariousareasofToronto.Thisinitiativeprovideda
connectionbetweentheCityCouncilorsandtheircommunitymemberstoworktowardsacommon
goalofpromotingfoodassetsforallTorontonians.
Title:QualityEvaluationofVolunteeredGeographicInformation:TheCaseof
OpenStreetMap
Author:HongyuZhang(DepartmentofGeography,WesternUniversity)
RegistrationID:96176882
Abstract:Alargeamountofcrowd-sourcedgeospatialdatahavebeencreatedinrecentyearsdueto
theinteractivityofWeb2.0andtheavailabilityofGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).Thisgeo-
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informationistypicallyreferredtoasvolunteeredgeographicinformation(VGI).OpenStreetMap
(OSM)isapopularVGIplatformthatallowsuserstocreateoreditmapsusingGPS-enableddevices
oraerialimageries.Theissueofqualityofgeo-informationgeneratedbyOSMhasbecomea
trendingresearchtopicbecauseofthelargesizeofthedatasetandtheinapplicabilityofLinus’Law
inageospatialcontext.ThispapersystematicallyreviewsthequalityevaluationprocessofOSM,
anddemonstratesacasestudyofLondon,Canadafortheassessmentofcompleteness,positional
accuracyandattributeaccuracy.Thefindingsofthequalityevaluationcanpotentiallyserveasa
guideofcartographicproductselectionandprovideabetterunderstandingofthedevelopmentof
OSMqualityovergeographicspaceandtime.
Keywords:dataquality,VolunteeredGeographicInformation,OpenStreetMap
HongyuZhang
MScCandidate|DepartmentofGeography
FacultyofSocialScience|WesternUniversity
DeterminationofForestInventoryParametersUsinga
TerrestrialLaserScanner
SimonH.Zhao,MScStudent,JonathanLi*,Professor,LinfeiMa,MScStudent
WatMosGroup,DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement
FacultyofEnvironment,UniversityofWaterloo
200UniversityAvenueWest,Waterloo,OntarioN2L3G1
{h224zhao,junli,l53ma}@uwaterloo.ca
ABSTRACT
Conventional forest inventory methods such as field surveys and aerial photointerpretation are
time-consumingandlabourintensive.Thisposterpresentsanovelmethodforcapturingtheforest
inventory parameters, including diameter at breast height, height and diameters along stem
profiles,usingaterrestriallaserscanner.Thedensepointclouddatacollectedbythescannerwere
processedbythealgorithmsandsoftwaretoolsdevelopedatourWatMosLabintheUniversityof
Waterloo through a collaborative research program at Xiamen University, China. Our method
consistsofthreesteps:(1)detectionandextractionofindividualtreesinpointcloudsbasedonthe
statistical calculationof the localmaximumheightvalueof individual trees, (2)calculationof the
treeheightalong thestemprofile,whichranges fromthepeakpoint to thebottompointofeach
tree, and (3) determination of the diameter at breast height using a cylinder fitting algorithm.A
totaloffourpointclouddatasetscontainingover82.65millionpointswithadatasizeof2.61GB,
covering different forest scenes in a fairly rough terrainwere collected by a Trimble TX 8 laser
scannerinnorthFujian,Chinaandusedinthisstudy.Besides,atotalof427individualtreeswere
manually measured as ground truthing data. Our experimental results demonstrated the
effectivenessandreliabilityofourmethod,asindicatedbytheprecisionof0.82,therecallof0.99,
andtheF1-scoreof89.80%thatwereobtainedusingthefourdatasets.
Keywords:forestinventory,geometricparameter,terrestriallaserscanner,pointcloud
141
Challengesinevaluationofsafetyeffectofroundabouts
YueZhao*
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University
AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,Canada.
*CorrespondingauthorE-mail:[email protected]
JeanAndrey
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University
AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,[email protected]
PeterDeadman
DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalManagement,UniversityofWaterloo,200University
AveWest,Waterloo,N2L3G1,[email protected]
Roundabouts,asanewformofintersectiontrafficcontrol,arebeingtoutedassignificantly
improvingsafetyandefficiency.AlthoughtheCanadianexperiencewithroundaboutsisquite
limited,comparedtotheUnitedStatesandotherEuropeancountries,thebenefitsofroundabouts
havedrawngrowinginterest,androundaboutsarebeingconstructedincreasinglyinrecentyears
inCanada.However,moreresearchisneededtounderstandthesafetyeffectofroundabouts.
Accordingly,theeffectofinclementweatheronroundaboutssafetyandthesafetyeffectof
conversionfromtraditionalstopsignandsignalcontrolintersectionstomodernroundaboutswill
beinvestigated.However,tostudythesafetyeffectofroundabouts,someconventionalmethodsdo
notfitwelltheusualcircumstancesofobservationalstudies.Thus,exampleswillbeprovidedto
showsomechallengesinanalyzingroundaboutssafety.Thematched-pairapproachwillbe
demonstratedasaneffectiveapproachforquantifyingtheeffectofinclementweatheron
roundaboutssafety.Furthermore,theempiricalBayesprocedureisusedtoanalyzethesafetyeffect
ofconvertingtraditionalstopsignandsignalcontrolintersectionstoroundabouts.
Keyword: roundabouts, safety effect, weather, empirical Bayes
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NOTES