20162016 asha conference / 28 september - 1 october conference contents 2 wednesday 28 september...

CHATEAU ON THE PARK / 189 DEANS AVENUE CHRISTCHURCH / NEW ZEALAND

2 0 1 6 ASHA CO N F E R E N C E

28 SEPTEMBER - 1 OCTOBER

AUSTRALASIAN SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

ASHA

CO N F E R E N C E

SPONSORS

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PROGRAMME SUMMARY 2

DAILY SESSIONS AND PAPERS

WEDNESDAY 28 SEPTEMBER 2 Opening event at Riccarton House from 5pm THURSDAY 29 SEPTEMBER 3 Papers, Chateau on the Park FRIDAY 30 SEPTEMBER 6 Papers, Chateau on the Park

SATURDAY 1 OCTOBER 9 Papers, Chateau on the Park Dinner, The George SUNDAY 2 OCTOBER 12 Fieldtrip,Ōtamahua/QuailIslandinLytteltonHarbour

POSTERS 13 Student posters

CONFERENCE VENUES / MAPS 14

CAMELOT ROOM / CHATEAU ON THE PARK189 DEANS AVENUE / CHRISTCHURCH / NEW ZEALAND

2016 ASHA CONFERENCE / 28 SEPTEMBER - 1 OCTOBER

CO N F E R E N C E

CONTENTS

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WEDNESDAY 28 SEPTEMBER

Opening event at Riccarton House (16 Kahu Rd, Christchurch) from 5pm (sponsoredbytheNewZealandArchaeologicalAssociation)

THURSDAY 29 SEPTEMBER

10:00 – 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 – 12:00 Session 1: General 12:00–1:00 Lunch1:00 – 2:30 Session 2: Conflictarchaeology2:30–3:00 Afternoontea3:00 – 4:30 Session 3: General

FRIDAY 30 SEPTEMBER

9:00 – 10:00 Session 4: Guestspeaker:KatiePickles,UniversityofCanterbury10:00 – 10:30 Morning tea 10:30 – 12:15 Session 5: Christchurch:acityuncovered12:15–1:30 Lunch/posters1:30 – 3:15 Session 6: Advancesinthearchaeologyofthemoderncity3:15–3:45 Afternoontea

4:00 PM AGM (held in the Camelot Room, at Chateau on the Park)

SATURDAY 1 OCTOBER

9:00 - 10:15 Session 7 - Continued: Advancesinthearchaeologyofthemoderncity10:15 - 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 - 12:00 Session 8: Student papers 12:00-1:15 Lunch1:15 - 2:45 Session 9: Advancingthearchaeologyofpublichouses,innsandhotels2:45-3:15 Afternoontea3:15 - 4:45 Session 10 - Continued: Advancingthearchaeologyofpublichouses,innsandhotels

7:00 PM Conference dinner at The George, 50 Park Terrace, Christchurch.

SUNDAY 2 OCTOBER

Post-conferencefieldtripon2OctobertoŌtamahua/QuailIslandApproximaterunningtime9:30amto4:00-4:30pm

PROGRAMME SUMMARY / CONFERENCE SCHEDULE

2016 ASHA CONFERENCE / 28 SEPTEMBER - 1 OCTOBER

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10:00 – 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 – 12:00 Session 1: General session

Session chair: Kurt Bennett (Flinders University)ThissessionisageneralsessionabouthistoricalarchaeologyinAustralia,NewZealandandtheAsia-Pacificregion.Presentationsincludeproposedresearchideas,theoreticalapproaches,currentfieldwork,methods,analysis/results,andarchaeologicalthemes,tonameafew.

Getting the most out of old boots - Dr. Caroline PhillipsIn2012,ateamofarchaeologistsconductedanexcavationinGranthamStreet,Hamilton,whereseveralhousesandbusinesseshadexistedinthe1870s-1890s.Severalrubbishpitscontainedanumberoffragmentsofleatherbootsandshoes.AnalysisoftheseitemsoffootwearwasbasedonanAustralianstudybyMayaVeres(2005:92).ThetableusedinthisanalysisemploysmostofVeres’criteria,exceptforconstructionandrepairfeatures-duetothepoorpreservationitwasseldomeasytodeterminethesewithanyconsistency.Inaddition,theheelswereusedtocalculatetheminimumnumberofitemsandestimatetheageandsexofthewearer.Theresultsindicatedaminimumof57bootsandshoesintherubbishpits.Thesecomprisedover500leatherfragments,aswellas30sectionsandnearlycompletebootsandshoes.However,thelargestsinglecollectionandbest-preservedassemblagecamefromrubbishpitF.2309inLot428wheretherewereatleast15pairs,12ofwhichwerestudiedinmoredetailbyKateHillandsevenweresufficientlyintactforhertobeabletoreconstructtheirappearance.Thesebootsandshoesprobablybelongedtotwomen,withsimilar-sizedfeet,onewomanandtwochildren.Therecouldalsohavebeenanadolescentinthehousehold.

Browne’s spar station: a short tale of kauri, chronology and archaeologyGretel Boswijk (Auckland University), Rob Brassey, Hans Dieter-Bader, Janice Adamson and Martin JonesIntheearly19thcentury,NewZealandresources,includingtimber,wereexploitedbyoverseasinterests.Between1832and1836asparstationoperatedatBrownesBay,Mahurangi,Auckland,supplyingsparstotheBritishAdmiraltyandsawntimbertotheAustraliancolonies.In2010,anarchaeologicalexcavationofthestationsitewasundertaken,whichincludeddendrochronologicalanalysisoftimberfeaturespreservedintheintertidalzone.Thispaperdiscussestheoutcomesofthedendrochronologicalanalysis,includingestablishingfellingdatesandinsightintotreeselectionandtheuseofwastematerial.Thesparstationmaterialisthefirstassemblageofwaterloggedkauritimbersrecoveredfromaninter-tidalcontexttobeanalysedusingdendrochronologyinNewZealand,anddemonstratesthepotentialofsuchmaterialtocontributetoourunderstanding of the past.

Death and his body-servant: health, architecture and missionary endeavour at the Anelcauhat Mission House, Vanuatu - Martin Jones, Adele Zubrzycka, Stuart Bedford and Mathew SpriggsDiseaseandillhealthhadasignificantimpactonearlycontactbetweenindigenousandEuropeanpeoplesinMelanesia.Whilelocalpopulationsunderwentdramaticdeclinewithexposuretonewillnesses,incomersfoundtheirendeavourscurtailedbytropicalafflictionstowhichtheysimilarlyhadlittleresistance.Inthe1850s,PresbyterianmissionariesonAneityumintheNewHebrides(nowVanuatu)soughttoimprovetheirchancesofsurvival-andtheeffectivenessoftheirwork-byconstructing‘healthy’missionhousesthattookaccountofprevailingWesternmedicalviewsaboutthecausesandspreadofdisease.ThecurrentpaperexaminesthisphenomenonwithreferencetorecentinvestigationsofthesurvivingmissionhouseatAnelcauhat–builtformissionaryJohnGeddieandhisfamilyin1852-3,andnowVanuatu’soldeststandingEuropeanbuilding.

SESSIONS 1-3

CONFERENCE SCHEDULE / THURSDAY 29 SEPTEMBER

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12:00–1:00 Lunch1:00 – 2:30 Session 2: Conflict archaeology

Session Chair: Peter Petchey (University of Otago)ThearchaeologyoftheFirstWorldWarhasreceivedagreatamountofattentionaswearewithinthecentenaryofthisconflict,butnumerousothermodernwarshaveoccurredintheAsia-Pacificregion,allofwhichhaveleftarchaeologicalevidence.TheseincludetheNewZealandwars(1860s),theSecondWorldWar(1940s)andtheVietnamWar(1970s).Themorerecentconflictsarewellwithinlivingmemoryandcanstillaffectmoderngeopoliticalrelationships:currenttensionbetweenChinaandJapanispartiallyduetothe1937occupationofNanking.ThissessioncontainspapersonthearchaeologyofconflictfromtheAsia-Pacificregion,andinparticularthoseconflictsthathavehithertoreceivedlittleattentionfromarchaeologists.

Second World War archaeology in South East AsiaPeter Petchey (University of Otago)ThearchaeologyoftheSecondWorldWarisreceivinganincreasingamountofattentionfromarchaeologistsworldwide,andtheAsia-Pacificregionisnoexception.TheJapaneseImperialexpansionfrom1931(theinvasionofManchuria)untilthedefeatof1945provideslinkedcontextforavastareaofSouthEastAsiaandthePacific,whichisalsoinextricablylinkedwiththewithdrawaloftheEuropeancolonialpowersfromthisareainthepost-waryears.FormalarchaeologicalresearchhasexaminedanumberofPacificIslandsincludingPeleliuinPalauandWatomIslandinPapuaNewGuinea,andexcavationshavebeenconductedinSingapore.OnmainlandSouthEastAsia,arguablythegreatestattentiontodatehasbeenpaidtotheThai-BurmarailwayduetotheinvolvementofthousandsofAlliedprisonersofwarwhowereusedasslavelabourbytheJapaneseImperialArmy.Butoneonlyhastogoafewhundredmetresawayfromthetouristhotspotsalongthisrailwaytofinduntouchedsectionsoftheoldformation.ThispaperexploresthepotentialforfurtherresearchintoWWIIarchaeologyinSouthEastAsia,withexamplesfromThailandandBurma.

Cheap guns in colonial backwaters: the excavation of an 8-inch disappearing gun at Watts Peninsula, Wellington Andy Dodd (Subsurface Ltd)TheperceivedthreatofaRussianinvasioninthe1880sledtoanationwideupgradeofcoastaldefences,concentratingonNewZealand’smajorports.In1885,ten8-inchBLHPArmstrongdisappearinggunswereorderedbytheNewZealandArmyfromtheElswickOrdnanceCompany,intendedforplacementinbatteriesatAuckland,Wellington,ChristchurchandDunedin.By1895,nineofthetengunshadbeenmounted,andmostoftheseremainedinserviceuntiltheyweredecommissionedinthe1920s.The2012discoveryofoneoftheseguns,partiallyburiedonasteepslopebelowthesiteofitsemplacementatFortGordononWattsPeninsulaatWellington,promptedtheNewZealandDefenceForce(NZDF)toproposearecoveryofthe13-tongunbarrel.ThiswascarriedoutbyNZDFpersonnelinMarch2013,witharchaeologicalmonitoringandrecordingcarriedoutbyateamofconsultantandpublicservicearchaeologists.Thispaperpresentsthearchaeologicalmethodsinvolved,andresultsofthatwork.

Digital Air Force - Fiona Shanahan, Daniel Leahy and Shane WickeRecentcollaborationsbetweenarchaeologyandadvancingtechnologieshavewitnessedtheproductionofengagingprogrammesthatallowthepublicandheritageindustrytoapproachthepastinwayswehadpreviouslynotthoughtpossible.RecentexposuretosuchcollaborationsaswellasanexperiencewithlivinghistoriesataWorldWarIIairbaseoverthepastyearhavepioneeredtheconceptofengagingwithWorldWarIIairbasesviavirtualrealities.Itishopedthattheresultofthisconceptwillbetheproductionofaninteractive,historicallyaccuratecomputersimulation,andtheestablishmentofadatasetthatwillassistwiththemanagementofsuchsites,andencourageandenablefurtherresearchinthisfield.Inordertoachievethisresultateamofspecialistsfromboththeheritageandinformationtechnologyindustriesisrequired,asistheestablishmentofabestpracticesystemofrecording.Thispaperpresentstheearlystagesofthedevelopmentandimplementationofthisdigitalapproachtowardsheritageviaaprogrammecalled‘DigitalAirForce’.

SESSIONS 1-3 (CONTINUED)


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Preparing for an invasion - events leading up to I-Day (12-07-1863) - the invasion of the WaikatoNeville RitchieThispapercoverstheperiodfromc.1861-63,includingGrey’s‘cunningplan’anditsimplementation-theconstructionoftheGreatSouthRoad;theestablishmentoflogisticsbasesalongtheway;Maoriattacksontheroad;theestablishmentoftheforwardpositionandlaunchpoint-Queen’sRedoubt;andtheactualD-day-12thJuly1863,whentroopscrossedtheManagatawhiriandbegantheadvance.

2:30–3:00 Afternoontea3:00 – 4:30 Session 3: General

Session chair: Jessie Garland (Underground Overground Archaeology)

Harriet and John Holland: colonial success storiesMary Casey (Casy and Lowe)ThedetailedarchaeologicalexcavationofParramattaSquare3,153MacquarieStreet,Parramatta,involvedthediscoveryofmuchmoreaboutHarrietandJohnHollandthanperhapsanticipated.Harrietcamefreeat17butJohnwasaverylate-periodconvict,arrivingin1840whenhewas20yearsold.ThispaperaddressestheirlivesandthesuccessestheyhadincolonialParramatta.JohnHollandrepresentsoneofanumberofParramattaconvictswhomadegood.ThispaperalsoexaminesthearchaeologyofHarriet’slifesubsequenttoJohn’sdeathin1874andherdeath24yearslaterin1898.ShebuiltthreehousesandcontinuedtooperatetheStarrInnwheresheliveduntilshemovedtoherMacquarieStreetvilla,uptoherdeathin1898.Thispaperexploresthisstory,oneofmanyParramattastorieswehavefoundbutperhapstheonewhichallowsfortheclearestviewofaspectsofHarriet’slifeandactionssubsequenttoherhusband’sdeath.

Sydney’s North Head as quarantine and quarantined landscape Peta Longhurst (University of Sydney, PhD candidate)Timeandspacecanbeunderstoodasthefundamentaltechnologiesbywhichquarantineoperates-time,toallowacontagiousdiseasetorunitscourse,andspace,topreventthetransmissionofsaiddiseasebetweenindividualsuntilthattimehaspassed.Giventhecentralityoftimeandspacetothedisciplineofarchaeology,anarchaeologicalapproachisthereforeparticularlysuitedtoengagingwiththepracticesandtechnologiesofquarantine.ThroughananalysisofNorthHeadQuarantineStation,thispaperconsidershowdifferentpopulationswerepositionedwithinthelandscape,andhowthepresenceofdiseasewithinthelandscape,anditsmovementthroughoutit,wasunderstood,managedandcontrolledatdifferentpointsinthequarantinestation’soperation.Iarguethattheseattemptstocontrolanderasediseasehaveinsteadmaterialisedit,creatingacontemporarylandscapeacrosswhichboththepresenceandfearofdiseasearephysicallyinscribed.

Rivers of gold: the legacy of historical gold mining for Victoria’s riversSusan Lawrence (La Trobe University), Peter Davies, Jodi Turnbull, Ewen Silvester, Darren Baldwin and Ian RutherfurdWaterplayedacrucialroleingoldminingintheAustraliancolonyofVictoriaduringthe19thcenturywithprivatewatermerchantsprovidinghundredsofmegalitresofwatereachdaytominersacrossthecolony.Extensivesurvivingevidenceofwatersupplynetworks,industrialapplicationsofwateranddownstreampollutionpointstothelastingsignificanceofthisactivityinshapinglandscapesandsocialunderstandingsofwater.Newresearchthatcombineshistoricalandarchaeologicalevidencewithscientificdataonthehydrologyandchemistryofminingriversisrevealinghowsediment-ladenwaterdischargedbytheminesre-shapedVictoria’sriversystems.



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9:00 – 10:00 Session 4: Guest speaker Katie Pickles, University of Canterbury KatiePicklesgrewupinthenortheastChristchurchsubdivisionofParklands.SheholdsdegreesfromtheUniversityofCanterbury,theUniversityofBritishColumbiaandMcGillUniversity.KatieiscurrentlyProfessorandHeadofHistoryandAssociateDeanPostgraduateResearchattheUniversityofCanterbury,andispastpresidentoftheNewZealandHistoricalAssociation.SheismostrecentlytheauthorofChristchurch Ruptures (Bridget Williams Books, 2016).

Objects in the Landscape: Finding Christchurch’s Ruptured PastThedevastatingCanterburyearthquakesof2010and2011didmorethanrupturethesurfaceofthelandscape.TheycreatedadefinitiveendpointtoChristchurch’scolonialhistory.Throughtheexcavationofobjectsaroundthecity,thistalkexploresconnectionsbetweenChristchurch’ssocialandspatialstructure.Itreadslandscapes,especiallykeyobjectsinthem,ashistoricaltexts.ThebrokenChristChurchCathedral,citystatuesandbuildings,BallantynesFirememorial,andAddingtonPrisonformrelicmarkersinthelandscapethatrevealthecomplextwistsandturnsofhistory,cultureandpower.

10:00 – 10:30 Morning tea 10:30 – 12:15 Session 5: Christchurch: a city uncovered

Session chair: Katharine Watson (Underground Overground Archaeology)Overthepastfiveyears,Christchurchhasbeenthesiteofanunprecedentedvolumeofarchaeologicalwork,providingawealthofopportunitiesforarchaeologists,bothtounderstandthecitybetterandtoengagewiththepublicaboutthepast.ThishasrevealedanumberofparallelsbetweenandcontrastswiththeEuropeancity’sfirstdevelopmentanditssubsequentpost-quakedevelopment.Archaeologicaldiscoverieshaveshednewlightonthepeoplebehindtheearlysettlement,aswellasthesociety,industryandlandscapethattheycreated.ThescaleofexplorationofChristchurch’sarchaeologicalrecordhascreatedtheopportunitytolookatthebigpicture,adbroadpatternswithintheurbanrecord.Thissessionseekspapersthatfitwiththesethemes.

Architectural phenomenology: putting archaeological interpretation in the urban landscape. A case study of the Arts Centre Julia Hughes (Underground Overground Archaeology)TheurbancentreofChristchurchisanimportantexampleofplanningandVictoriandesignpracticesinthe19thcentury.WorktorepairtheArtsCentreafterthe2011CanterburyearthquakesrevealedarchaeologicalinformationinmanyformswithinandaroundtheCategory1listedbuildings.ThispaperdiscussesthemodernandpastuseofthesebuildingsandthesiteandexploreswhetherornotthearchaeologyuncoveredcanbeusedinsomewaytoenhancetheexperienceofthevisitorsandcustodiansoftheArtsCentreonvariouslevelsofexperience.Phenomenologyisawayofunderstandingthatemphasisesthedescriptionandinterpretationofhumanexperience,awareness,andmeaning,particularlytheirunnoticed,taken-for-granteddimensions(Moran2000;vanManen2014).ThiscanbeexploredthroughthechangesmadetoandtherepairoftheArtsCentre,asthecityworkstorecoverandreinterpretspaceswithinadamagedurbanenvironment.TheArtsCentrebuildingsarealandmarkwithintheoriginaltown(foundedinthe1850s),andareoftenpartofthetourismorlivedexperienceofthepeoplewhoresideinorvisitChristchurch.

‘Incarceration & Education’: the archaeology of Victorian institutional buildings at the foot of Lyttelton Gaol, LytteltonPatrick Harsveldt (Opus International Consultants Ltd)ThesiteofLytteltonMainSchool,intheporttownshipofLyttelton,wasconstructedinthe1940sandreplacedanearlierpre-1900educationalcomplex.TheLytteltonBoroughSchoolwasopenedin1875andwaslocatednexttoLytteltonGaol,constructionofwhichbeganinthe1850s.ArchaeologistsfromOpusInternationalConsultantsLtdwereinvolvedwiththeLytteltonPrimarySchoolrebuildprojectfrom2014to2016.Anumberoflate19thcenturybuildingremainswererecordedoverthecourseofgroundexcavationworksonthislargesite.ThisincludedtheLytteltonBoroughSchool(1875),Infants’School(c.1880),LytteltonBoroughCouncilChambers(1887),Colonists’Hall(1862),andpreviously-hiddendetailsofthe1850sGaolStepswalkwayandretainingwall.

SESSIONS 4-6

CONFERENCE SCHEDULE / FRIDAY 30 SEPTEMBER

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Remembering the red zone: Heritage New Zealand and post-earthquake archaeology in ChristchurchChristine Whybrew (Heritage New Zealand Pouhere taonga)TheChristchurchearthquakeshaveprovidedunprecedentedopportunitiesforthestudyofarchaeology–notjustinthecentralcity,whereconsiderablebuilt-heritagelosseshaveoccurred,butalsoinsuburbanareaswhereentireneighbourhoodshavebeencleared.ResidentialpropertywaszonedredandacquiredbytheCrownwherethelandissobadlydamagedbytheearthquakesthatthepossibilityofrebuildingisunlikelyforaprolongedperiod.ThesepropertiesareparticularlyconcentratedalongthecourseoftheAvonRiver.ThispaperwilloutlinetheinvolvementofHeritageNewZealandintheresidentialredzone,fromappraisingtheseareasfortherequirementsofthearchaeologicalauthorityprocess,toissuingarchaeologicalauthoritiesforbuildingdemolitionand/orlandclearance,andprovidingadviceonheritagevaluestotheCanterburyEarthquakeRecoveryAuthoritytoinformtheirplanningfortheredzone.ThepaperwilllookatAvonsideasacasestudy–anareadefinedbyaloopintheAvonRiverthatwashistoricallythesiteofagriculture,industry,horticultureandphasesofdomesticoccupation.Iwillpresentsitesandstoriesofinterestinthisarea,drawinguponHeritageNewZealand’sresearchandtheresultsofarchaeologicalmonitoringbyfieldarchaeologists.

Swamp city conduits: a hydraulic archaeology of the horizontal infrastructure rebuild Hamish Williams (Underground Overground Archaeology)TheCanterburyearthquakesof2010and2011causedunprecedenteddamagetoChristchurch’spublically-ownedhorizontalinfrastructure,thestormwater,wastewater,andwatersupplypipesessentialtoanymoderncity.Thispaperexploresthehistoricalarchaeologyuncoveredbythehorizontalinfrastructurerebuild,withaparticularfocusonsomeofthecity’soldeststormwaterandwastewaterconduitsthathavebeenrepairedorreplaced,andrelictconduitsthathavebeenrediscovered.

Bury your shame: rubbish deposition in central ChristchurchTristan Wadsworth (Underground Overground Archaeology)Occupantsofthefledgling19thcenturycityofChristchurchwerefacedwithacommonissue:wheretodumptheirjunk.Practicesofdiscardingdomesticrubbishexistedinastateoftensionbetweenconvenienceandhygiene,andoftenlayatoddswithlegislationandlocalgovernance.Thispapertakesaregional-scaleapproachtorubbishdepositsuncoveredinChristchurch,usingGIStoinvestigatespatialrelationshipsbetweenhomeandwaste.Rubbishfeatures,oftensimplytreatedasvectorsformaterialculture,areconsideredasindicatorsofindividualresistance,bothtoauthority,andtotheeverydayneedtoputthebinsout.

12:15 – 1:30 Lunch / posters (see page 13)

1:30 – 3:15 Session 6: Advances in the archaeology of the modern city Session chairs: Professor Timothy Murray (La Trobe University) and Professor Ian Smith (University of Otago)

AlthoughthishasforsometimebeenafocusofhistoricalarchaeologyinAustralasia,agreatdealofresearchremainstobedonehere,tosaynothingoftherestofthemodernworld.Ithaslongbeenunderstoodthatmoderncitiesarecruciblesofsocialandculturalchangeandthattheyarephysicalexpressionsofthecomplexitiesofthemodernworld.Thesourcesofthesecomplexitiesaremany,rangingfromthespecifichistoricaltrajectoriesofcitiesbeforethemodernera(andofcourseafteritsadventintheseventeenthcentury),throughtotherolesplayedbycitiesatvariousscales(regional,nationaland,especiallyinthecaseofcitiessuchasLondon,global).Moderncitiesbecameplacesofresidence,employment,manufacture,trade,education,innovationandcreativity,andpoliticalandsocialaction.Theyalsobecameplaceswherepoverty,inequality,wealth,privilegeandenterpriseunderwrotethefurtherevolutionofcultureandsociety.Weunderstandthatthesignificanceofcitiesdidnotstopinthelastcentury.Whilewemightargueaboutthechronologyofthemoderncity,thereisnoargumentthatcitiescontinuetobeoneofthemostsignificanttheatresofhumanaction.ThissessionwilltakeaverybroadapproachtoreportingtheoutcomesofrecentarchaeologicalworkinAustralasiancitiesanddescribingcontemporaryissuesoftheoryandpractice.Makingsenseoftheheritagevaluesofurbanplacesisclearlyavitalarenaofpractice.SoistheconnectionofAustralasianworkwithinternationalresearch



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intosignificanttheoreticalissuessuchasethnogenesisandclassformation,buttheseareonlytwoofmanypossibleareasofinterest.

Is material culture a reliable guide to ethnicity in the modern city?Tim Murray (La Trobe University)ForsometimenowIhavebeenworkingonresearchthatlinkstheanalysisofarchaeologicaldata,materialcultureandhistoricaldocumentstoacloseexaminationoflifein19thcenturycities.AlongthewayIhaveconsideredtheimportanceofscale,particularlytheinteractionofthelocalandtheglobal,andthiscontinuestobeoneofthemostdeeplycontestedaspectsofthearchaeologyofthemodernworld,bothin16thto18thcenturycontextsaswellasthoseofthe19thand20thcenturies.Indeed,significantre-examinationsofthealreadyhighlydisputedroleofmigrationasanexplanationforculturechangeinarchaeologyhavereigniteddebatesaboutarchaeologicalcharacterisationsoftheprocessesofsocialandculturalchangeresultingfromthemobilityofpeopleandmaterialculture,andofcoursethecreationofthecolonialandpostcolonialworlds.Thesedebatescentreonhowanincreasinglyglobalisedandhomogenousmaterialculturecouldbe‘read’byitsconsumersinculturallyheterogeneouswaysacrosstheworld.Thishasledtoadevelopingfocusonthecomplexitiesofmaterialcultureasamarkerofrelationshipsandidentities(somelinkedtoethnicitiesandothersnot).InthispaperIwillbrieflydiscussthecoreissuesinvolvedandmakesomecommentsaboutlinksbetweenhistoricalarchaeologyandclassicalarchaeology(forexample).

Cities as sites: a multi-scalar approach to the material culture of ChristchurchJessie Garland (Underground Overground Archaeology)ThevolumeofarchaeologicalworkundertakeninChristchurch,NewZealand,sincethe2011earthquakehasuncoveredavastquantityofmaterialculturerelatedtothe19thcenturysettlementanddevelopmentofthecity.Thechallengeofinterpretingthismaterialhasrevealedseveraluniqueopportunitiestoexaminequestionsofconsumptionintheformationofthecity’smaterialidentity.Ithasalsohighlightedtheneedtoconsiderthesettlementfromamulti-scalarperspective,asbothacollectionofhouseholds,neighbourhoodsandcommunitiesandasasinglearchaeologicalsitesituatedwithinaglobalcoloniallandscape.Thispaperexploresthepreliminaryresultsandresearchpotentialofsuchanapproachtowardsthe19thcenturyartefactssofarrecoveredfromarchaeologicalinvestigationsinChristchurch.Inparticular,itlooksathowtheassemblagefitswithinthecontextof19thcenturyBritishcolonialmaterialculture,thedifferencesinmaterialconsumptionnotedatanindividualandcommunitylevelinthesettlement,andthedifficultiesencounteredinreconcilingpersonalconsumerchoicewiththemass-producedhomogenisedgoodsofthelate19thcentury.

It’s class, Jim, but not as we know it: class formation in a new cityKatharine Watson (Underground Overground Archaeology)Inacountryattimesconsidered-howevererroneously-tobeclassless,Christchurchhasalwaysstoodoutasacitywhereclass‘matters’.ClassinChristchurchwasnotthesameasclassinGreatBritain,withearlyEuropeansettlers’indicatingsuggestingagreaterfluiditywithregardtosocialstandingthanhadbeenthecaseinGreatBritain.TherecoveryoflargeamountsofarchaeologicaldatainashortspaceoftimefollowingtheCanterburyearthquakesprovidestheopportunitytoexamine-amongstotherthings-classformationinamodernworldcity,andalsotoconsiderhowclasswillbenegotiatedfollowingthepopulationchangeswroughtbytheearthquakes.ThispaperpresentsapreliminaryexaminationofwhatChristchurch’sdomesticarchitecturetellsusaboutclassformationinthecity,byexaminingsocialstanding,wealth,occupationandstatusinrelationtoplace of residence.

3:15–3:45 Afternoontea4:00 PM AGM (held in the Camelot Room, at Chateau on the Park)



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9:00 - 10:15 Session 7 - Continued: AdvancesinthearchaeologyofthemoderncityTime will tell: a case study in the city of Tauranga, New ZealandBrigid Gallagher (MishMish Heritage)Simultaneouswiththeageofacitycomesincreasingdepthofsoilstratigraphyandlayersofhumanoccupation.Whetheritbe10mwithinLondonCity,or50cminurbanTauranga,NewZealand–thespecificorderinwhichthelayersoftimearepreservedtellthestoryofplaces’anthropogenicandcumulativeculturalpast.ThispresentationfocusesonanurbanpropertylotinTauranga,acomparativelysmallandslowgrowingcity,withitsfoundationdateofEuropeanarrivalatc.1827AD.Withintheconfinesoftheproperty,sixdistinctandinterpretablephasesoflandusehavebeenidentifiedwiththeearliestbeingMaoriofNgaiTamarawahoiwi,whowereremovedfromthelandduetointertribalconflict.Itisaclassicexampleofarchaeologicalevidencedemonstratingtheefficiencyofhumandecisionmakinginanearlycolonialcontext,adaptationtoanewenvironmentandtheuseofpasthumandetritusonwhichtoconstructnewtowns.Preservedverticallyandhorizontally,thisisthebeginningofanancienttellsiteinamodernNewWorldenvironment.

Growing datasets, growing questions: interpreting multiple artefact assemblages Sarah Hayes (ARC DECRA Fellow, La Trobe University)Excavationgeneratedbyculturalheritagemanagement,alongwiththesophisticationofinformationtechnologytoshare,manageandmanipulatedata,havebroughtsubstantialopportunitiesforhistoricalarchaeologicalresearchinAustralia.Historicalarchaeologistshavetakenadvantageoftheseopportunitiesandhaveproducedacomprehensivebodyofdetailedethnographicstudiesofsitesandhowtheycanbecontextualisedinthebroadersocialprocessesofindustrialisation,urbanisationandsocialchange.Oneextensionoftheseanalysesistoapproachmultipleassemblagestoseehowtheycanbeusedcollectivelytorespondtovarioushistoricalquestions,buttodosoposesbothmethodologicalandpracticalchallengesforarchaeologists.Thispaperwillexplorethesechallengesaswellaspotentialapproachesbydrawingupontheauthor’scurrentresearchonVictorianGoldRushcities.

Wash the bottles, dry the bottles, turn the bottle over: a study of bottle washing in early MelbourneBronwyn WoffBottlewashingwasoneoftheimportantstepsinthecommercialbottlereusecycle,wherebottleswerefilled,emptied,washed,refilledandreused.Consideringthatbottleswereoftenwashedandreusedmultipletimesbeforeenteringthearchaeologicalrecord,bottlewashingandreuseareimportantinfluencesinhistoricalarchaeology,especiallyasconsumptionanalysesandinterpretationsofthearchaeologicalrecordarebasedtovaryingdegreesonassumptionsaboutbottlecontents.Thispaperfocusesonthestepsinvolvedinbottlewashing,asoutlinedincontemporarydocuments.Italsobroadlydiscussesbottlereuseanditsimplicationsforarchaeologicalanalysisandinterpretation,concludingwithsuggestionsforwaysinwhichbottlereusecanbetakenintoaccountwhilstinterpretingthearchaeologicalrecord.

10:15 - 10:45 Morning tea 10:45 - 12:00 Session 8: Student papers

Session Chair: Susan Lawrence (La Trobe University)Future,existingandpaststudentswillpresentontheirresearch.Presentationscanbeonanythingfromproposingaresearchidea/designtopresentingyourresults.

Foodways at the Nenthorn railway construction campClara Watson (University of Otago)TheNenthornrailwayworkers’constructioncampwasoccupiedbetween1884and1887,duringtheconstructionoftheNenthornsectionoftheOtagoCentralRailway.TheconstructionoftheOtagoCentralRailwayduringthelate19thandearly20thcenturieswasanimportantphaseinthedevelopmentoftheCentralOtagoregion.Thispaperexaminesfoodwaysfromtheworkers’camp.Thestudyoffoodwaysprovidesanopportunitytostudynotjustthedietoftheworkers,buthowfoodwasprocured,preparedandconsumedatthecamp.ThisallowsustogainabetterunderstandingofwhatlifewaslikefortheworkersatNenthorn.

SESSIONS 7-10

CONFERENCE SCHEDULE / SATURDAY 1 OCTOBER

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Photogrammetry for archaeology on the Greenough Flats, Western AustraliaMelissa Hetherington (University of Western Australia)ThispresentationwilldiscussphotogrammetryexperimentsconductedbyMelissaHetherington(PhDCandidate,UWA)andDrAndrewHutchinson(CurtinUniversityofTechnology,WA)duringarchaeologicalexcavationsontheGreenoughFlats,WesternAustralia(2015-2016).AcomprehensivecollectionofphotographswastakenofGray’sstore,theTemperancelodgeandothersitesontheFlatsbefore,duringandfollowingcompletionoftheexcavationsinJuly2016.Thesephotographswillbeusedtodevelopanimmersivedigitallandscapeofthesites,toassistwithinterpretationandpresentationofresults.Afurtherpurposeoftheseexperimentsistoexperimentandtestworkshoptrainingtechniquesbeingdevelopedtoassistarchaeologistsandculturalheritageprofessionalswithunderstandingthecollectionmethodsrequiredduringfieldworktocapturesuitablephotographs/videoforuseinphotogrammetry.

The archaeology undertaken by soldiers during the First World WarVictoria Ross (La Trobe University)DuringtheFirstWorldWar,archaeologicalsurveysandexcavationswereundertakenbymilitarypersonnelofmanydifferentranksandfromnearlyallnationalities;formalexcavationaswellasinformal‘rescue’archaeologybecamecommononthefrontlinesandinotherareasofmilitaryoccupation.Followingkeyartefactsandarchaeologicalsitesfromtheirwar-timediscoverytocurrentday,thispaperwillcomparethe‘NewWorld’nationsofAustraliaandNewZealand(Anzac)tothe‘OldWorld’exampleofBritainthroughtheirapproachtoarchaeologyatthebirthofthedisciplineinthe20thcentury.Thearchaeologicalworkundertakenduringthisperiodwillbeusedtodiscussthemotivationsforthoseinvolvedaswellastherolearchaeologyplaysintheformationoraffirmationofnationalidentity.

12:00-1:15 Lunch1:15 - 2:45 Session 9: Advancing the archaeology of public houses, inns and hotels Session chair: Dr Iain Stuart, JCIS Consultants

Pubs,innsandhotelsareaninterestingtopicforthoseinterestedinunderstandingthepast-theysitbetweenthedomesticsphereandtheworkingsphere,theirexistencewasheavilyregulated,subjecttoperiodicalburstsofmoraloutrageand,followingtheresearchofDrClaireWright,weremostlyrunbywomen.Therehavebeenanumberofexcavationsofhotelsoverthelastfewyears.Thissessionexplorestheresultsoftheexcavationstoseehowfarwecanadvancethearchaeologyofpubs,innsandhotels.

Advancing the archaeology of public houses, inns and hotelsDr Iain Stuart (JCIS Consultants)Pubs,innsandhotelsareaninterestingtopicforthoseinterestedinunderstandingthepast-theysitbetweenthedomesticsphereandtheworkingsphere,theirexistencewasheavilyregulated,subjecttoperiodicalburstsofmoraloutrageand,followingtheresearchofDrClaireWright,weremostlyrunbywomen.Therewerealsomajorchangesintechnologyassociatedwithpubs–thingslikelighting,cooling,differenttypesofbeer,differentnotionsofgamesandentertainment.Throwintothemixthedemiseofthehorseandtheriseofthecarandthetakeaway.TherehavebeenanumberofexcavationsofhotelsoverthelastfewyearsinNewSouthWalesandforonereasonoranotherIhavebeeninvolvedinreadingandwritingsomeresearchdesignsandreports.Inreviewingtheliteratureitoccurredtomethatthearchaeologicalunderstandingofpubshasremainedstaticovertheyears.

Auckland’s first winemaker: Charles Cholmondeley-SmithDr. Caroline PhillipsCaptainCharlesCholmondeley-SmithcamefromAustraliaintheearly1850sandin1874tookupablockoflandontheNorthShore,overlookingLongBay.Onfindingfarmingunprofitable,Cholmondeley-Smithwentbacktoteaching,butalsoexperimentedwithgrowingtobacco.ForafewyearshehadacontractwiththeAmericanTobaccoCompany,butadownturninthemarketledhimtolookforanewuseforthe“...largedryingshedsandotherbuildings”.Duringtheearly1890s,theshedwasusedasalocalhallforballsandotherevents,whenitwas



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describedas:“alofty,spacious,andtastefully-decoratedbuilding,some50feetby20feet[15x6m]”.Atthistime,Cholmondeley-Smiththenturnedtowine,convertingthedryingshedintoawinery.Hewassoonproducingthreetofourthousandgallonsofwineayear,someofwhichcamefromhisowngrapes.ThecompanyhadacellarincentralAuckland.Thisventuresoldwinecommerciallyfromthelate1880suntil1903underthenameGlenVarWineCo:morethantwodecadesbeforeanyotherwineryinAuckland.In2015,theareawherethewineryandothershedswerelocatedwasexcavated.Thetobaccodryingshed/wineryfoundationswerediscovered,alongwithseveralitemsrelatingtothewineindustry.

Time gents: an archaeology of liquor licensing laws in New South WalesAlexander Beben and Lian Flannery, BiosisSincetheearlyestablishmentofthecolonyahotel(andthesupplyofliquor)hasplayedanimportantroleintheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofsettlementsinAustralia.Duetotheimportanceofliquor,theindustryassociatedwithitssupplybecamesubjecttolegislativecontrolandasaresultthehistoryofhotelsandtheinvestigationoftheirassociatedarchaeologicalphasesiscloselytiedtothelawsthatcontrolledthetrade.ThispaperplanstoexploretheimpactofliquorlicensingonthearchaeologicalrecordencounteredattheOxfordHotel(1841-2013)andCricketersArms(1860-1943),bothlocatedatthejunctionofCrownandCorrimalstreetsinWollongong.Theresultsoftheseexcavationsindicatesthatthearchaeologicalinvestigationofhotelsitesneedstobeconsciousofthelegislativeframeworkwithinwhichhotelsoperatedasthearchaeologicalphasingencounteredshowsprocessesofconstruction,rebuilding,renovation,closureandchangesinusethatcanbealmostexclusivelyattributedtoaprogressiveseriesofliquorlicensinglaws.

Moorna Bush Inn: home, hotel and service centreJeannette Hope and Wilfred ShawcrossTheMoornaBushInn(1860-1900),ontheMurrayRiverinwesternNewSouthWales,wasoneofachainofhotelsandmailchangesatroughly15mileintervals,servicingmailcoachesandtravellersalongtheoverlandroutebetweenSydneyandAdelaide,riverboatpassengersandpastoralstationworkers.Incontrasttothestereotypeofroughbushshanties,theBushInnwasasubstantialbrickbuildingoccasionallymistakenforapastoralhomestead.Itwasasmuchadomesticsettingforthepublicanfamiliesandalocalvenueformarriagesandchildbirthasastopoverfortravellersandadrinkingholeforthelocals.Wecancomparethearchaeologicalevidenceofthesize,layoutandbuildinghistoryoftheBushInnandtherichdomesticmaterialfromrubbishdumpswithdetaileddemographicdataavailableforthethreemainpublicanfamilies(connectedbymarriageandwork)whohad28childrenbetweenthem.Therewerealsobusinessandmarriageconnectionsbetweenfamiliesalongthemailcoachroute,withmanyotheroldhotelsitesawaitingfutureresearch.

2:45-3:15 Afternoontea3:15 - 4:45 Session 10 - Continued: Advancing the archaeology of public houses, inns and hotels

Archaeology of the Wanganui HotelMatthew Campbell (CFG Heritage), Warren Gumbley and Beatrice HudsonInthesummerof2006–07excavationswerecarriedoutpriortotheredevelopmentoftheUniversalCollegeofLearningWhanganuicampus.TownSection77wasthelocationoftheWanganuiHotel,whichwasoccupiedfromc.1858tocc.1903.Inthispaperweoutlinethearchaeologyofthehotel.Inmanywayshotelsarenotlikeotherhistoricalarchaeologicalsites:theyareneithersolelydomestic,commercialnorindustrial,butabitofeach;theyaretheirownsitetype.AreviewofreportedhotelexcavationsinAustraliaandNewZealandshowsthat,often,thesesitesrevealdistinctivesocialhistories,archaeologyandmaterialcultureandfaunalassemblages.Thepurposeofthepaperistwo-fold:firstly,tocriticallyexaminethearchaeologyofhotelsingeneralandtorelatetheWanganuiHoteltothisoverview;and,secondly,tobrieflyreportonaninterestingmaterialcultureassemblagefromaninterestingsite.

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Having a drink in Old Marulan: creating an alcoscape of a 19th century Australian townDenis Gojak (University of Sydney)ArchaeologicalworkatthesmallabandonedtownofMarulan(NewSouthWales)highlightsthecentralroleplayedbyalcoholanddrinkingin19thcenturysociety.ExcavationsatthesiteoftheWoolpackInn,thefirstanddominantbuildingofthetown,combinedwithbiographicalstudiesofthepublicans,theirsocialconnectionsandthelocaleconomyofdrinkingandalcoholsupplyallreinforceitsimportanceandinfluenceineverydaylife.ThestudyatMarulanprovidedtheopportunitytointegratearchaeological,biographicalanddocumentaryinformation,includingaledgerrecordingdrinksalesfromtheearlytownperiodintoarichunderstandingofjusthowalcoholformedthetown’seconomicbackbone,andstructuredrelationshipsbetweenindividuals.Fromthiswecanderiveanalcoscapeofthetownthatmapshowkeyrelationshipswereinfluencedbydrinking,andcanuseitasameansofexploringsocialevolutionin19thcenturyAustraliansociety.

The Red Cow Public House at the corner of Castlereagh and Bathurst streets, SydneyJennie Lindburgh (AMBS Ecology and Heritage)On21June1831,ReubenHannamwasgrantedalicenceasthepublicanoftheRedCowPublicHouse,whichin1836,headvertisedas“Thatwell-knowno’dPublic-house,thesignofthe“REDCOW”situatedinBathurstStreet,Sydneynowbeingalicensedhouseforthelast13years”.In2014,thesiteonthecornerofCastlereaghandBathurststreetswasexcavatedbyformerAustralianMuseumConsultingandateamofarchaeologists,oneaimbeingtodiscovertheRedCowPublicHouse.ThephysicalevidenceoftheRedCowPublicHousewasexposedbeneaththesandstonefoundationsofaterracerowconstructedin1860and1865.Anextensiveassemblageofartefactsalsorecoveredfromtwocess-pits,arubbishpitandalikelystoragepit,indicatingthatmealswereservedatthepubandthatitwaswellpatronised.

7:00 PM Conference Dinner at The George, 50 Park Terrace, Christchurch.

Post-conferencefieldtripon2OctobertoŌtamahua/QuailIslandinLytteltonHarbour,siteofaships’graveyard, anearly20thcenturylepercolonyandwhereShackletonandScottbothtrainedandquarantineddogsandponiesbeforetheirAntarcticjourneys.Approximaterunningtime9:30amto4:00-4:30pm.


ŌTAMAHUA / QUAIL ISLAND / LYTTELTON HARBOUR



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The clay tobacco pipe: a social study of clay tobacco pipes in colonial ChristchurchJamie Hearfield (Underground Overground Archaeology)HistoricalarchaeologyresearchonclaytobaccopipesfromNewZealandarchaeologicalsiteshasbeenessentiallydescriptiveandforegoesessentialinformationthattheseartefactscouldprovidewithfurtheranalysis.Thisposterattemptstobringtogetherinternationalmethodstolookatthesocialaspectofclaytobaccopipes.ThephysicalfeaturesofclaytobaccopipesfromthreeChristchurchsiteswillbeexaminedandcomparedtotestwhetherspecificartefactscanaddresssocialquestionsforurbanarchaeologicalsitesinNewZealand.

Lyttelton: the infrastructure of a historic townshipMegan Hickey (Underground Overground Archaeology)TheporttownofLytteltonis“anexcellentsurvivingexampleofaplannedcolonialsettlementdatingfrom1849”(Burgess2009:3).Akeypartofthedevelopmentofanytownistheconstructionofinfrastructure.Someofthesestructuresareahighlyvisiblepartofthetown,whileothersarehiddenbeneaththebusystreets.Inthewakeofthe2010and2011Canterburyearthquakes,extensiveprojectsareunderwaytorepairandreplacemuchofthisearlyinfrastructure.TheinvolvementofarchaeologistsfromUndergroundOvergroundArchaeologyintheseprojectshasshedlightonthearchaeologyofthesehistoricstructures.Thisposterwillexploresomeofthe19thand20thcenturyinfrastructurerevealedduringpost-earthquakeearthworksinLyttelton.

Reference:Burgess,R.,2009.‘LytteltonTownshipHistoricArea’.UnpublishedreportforNewZealandHistoric Places Trust.

The transience and intangibility of death at New South Wales heritage railway stationsDarran Jordan (AECOM)ManyrailwaystationsinNewSouthWales(NSW),Australia,arelistedfortheirheritagevalue.Thesignificanceoftheselistingsisoftenstronglytiedtothefabricelementsthatmakeupthegroupitem.Lesstangibleandlargelyinvisiblewithintheheritagespaceisthecumulativepresenceofthemultipledeathsthathaveoccurredthere.MultipletragicaccidentalandsometimesdeliberatedeathshaveoccurredatheritagerailwaystationsacrosstheNSWnetwork,fromtheirfirstestablishmentonwards.Thisposteroutlinestheevidenceforhistoricaldeathswithinheritagecurtilagesandhowthisrelatestosignificance.

It’s your shout! A new way of measuring usewear on glass bottlesMaeve Platts (University of Otago)Isitpossibletomeasureuse-wearonglassbottles?Throughoutthe19thcenturytheseartefactswereimportedintoNewZealandastherewasnolocalmanufacturinguntilthe1920s.Thismadebottlescomparativelyexpensiveandencouragedre-use,withsomeaccountssuggestingasinglebottlemightbere-used20to30times.Re-usehasimplicationsfortheinterpretationofbottleglassassemblages,buttodatetherehasbeennosystematicwayofdocumentingitanddeterminingwhetherthereisvariationinre-usebetweendifferentbottletypesandbetweenassemblagesfromdifferentsites.Thisposteroutlinesthedevelopmentofascaleformeasuringtheextentofuse-wearonbothalcoholandnon-alcoholglassbottles.Itisbuiltonthepresumptionthatcontinueduseofabottlewillleavephysicalevidenceintheformofscratches,pittingandwear,especiallyonitsbase.Thescaleisbeingtestedusing,asacasestudy,anassemblageofartefactsfroma19thCenturybottleexchangeinChristchurch.Theworkthathasbeendonesofaronthemajorityoftheassemblagerevealsthatdifferentpatternsofbottleusecanbedetectedandthesewillberevealedonthisposter.OncefinalisedtheresultsarehopedtocontributetoabroaderstudyintothedrinkingcultureinVictorianChristchurch.

FRIDAY 30 SEPTEMBER

POSTERS

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OPENING EVENT (1) Riccarton House16 Kahu RoadRiccartonChristchurch8041

CONFERENCE VENUE (2) Chateau on the Park189DeansAvenueRiccartonChristchurch8011

THE ALL IMPORTANT BAR (3) VolsteadTradingCompany55 Riccarton RoadRiccartonChristchurch8041

CONFERENCE DINNER (4) The George Hotel50 Park TerraceChristchurch CentralChristchurch8013

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NOTES

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NOTES

High-Quality ResultsWithstand the Test of Time

Radiocarbon DatingSince 1979

20162016 asha conference / 28 september - 1 october conference contents 2 wednesday 28 september...

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