201501 gests423 s2_part_i
TRANSCRIPT
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GESTS423 Intellectual Property Management &
Technology Transfer Part I: Innovation: sources, drivers and models
Azèle Mathieu, PhD
February - June 2015
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RESEARCH BUSINESS
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
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RESEARCH BUSINESS
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Innovation
• … is everywhere…on every mouth…
• Is it a buzzword?
• What does it cover?
• Why is it important?
• What is the place and the role of business developers in new systems of innovations?
• …
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Agenda
1) Definition
2) Sources
3) Models
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Why innovation is so important?
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Source: McKinsey Global Institute Analysis (2013)
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
What is innovation?
• Research may lead to innovation…or not…
• Sources of innovation are not restricted to research
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
European paradox
… What has (not) changed in 30 years?
=> How to improve innovation and entrepreneurship?
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Innovation ≠ research
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Innovation goes far beyond Research & Development It goes far beyond the confines of research labs to users, suppliers and consumers everywhere – in government, business and non-profit organisations, across borders, across sectors, and across institutions.
Source: OECD
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Innovation: concept of commercialisation
• Innovare: “to renew or to change”.
• Innovation management is seen as “the creation and capture of new value in new ways”
• “Innovation = the application of new ideas to the products, processes or any other aspect of a firm’s activities”
“Linked to the process of commercialization”
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Source: Rogers (1998)
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
What is innovation?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oD7X3KvJAVk&feature=youtube
• Innovation = Invention x Commercialisation ( x value capture)
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Main types of innovation (1/2)
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Main types of innovation (2/2)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mw_Uo5ba58
(with who I do not totally agree… )
Product
Process
Marketing
Organisational (Business Model Generation)
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Source: Oslo Manual
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Different examples of business models
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Source: Harvard Business Review, What is a Business Model? (23/01/2015)
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Classification of innovations
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Incremental: user experience does not change
Radical: user experience changes
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Categories of innovations
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Kind of innovation Incremental innovation Radical innovation
New knowledge Low degree of new knowledge
High degree of new knowledge
Impact on the industry/the market
Does not radically change Does radically change/create
Technologies Existing technologies New, breakthrough technologies
Risk and uncertainty Low High
User experience Does not change Change
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Disruptive innovation?
has to do with market/business phenomenon
has little to do with technology per se
may or may not represent a major technical breakthrough
Innovator’s dilemma
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaKgMcFP4Mo
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
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Source: MIT Sloan Management Review (2012)
Disruptive innovation from emerging countries?
The water wheel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABJ41yVClvs
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Disruptive innovations?
The Internet in general:
– New ways of communicating
– Rearranged value chains
– Brought transparency to pricing
– Disrupted commercial relationships
– Created new customer expectations
– Made old business models obsolete
Other example:
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Source: McKinsey Global Institute Analysis (2013)
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Different innovations, different impacts on the economy…
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Empowering innovation: - K; + jobs
Sustaining innovation: 0 K; 0 jobs Efficiency
innovation: + K; - jobs
Source: Christensen (2012)
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Adoption of innovations may be more or less easy…
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Source: Chasm Institute
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
How easy/difficult will the adoption of the new technology be?
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Source: Chasm Institute
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Market Development Strategy Checklist
?
Processes of innovation (1/2)
• 2 extremes:
1. Technology Push
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Customer? Market?
€? …
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Processes of innovation (2/2)
• 2 extremes:
2. Demand pull
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Resources?
Competencies? Profitable? Feasible?
…
?
Existing problems of potential customers = customer pain
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Importance of testing
POC
Proof of Concept: it works !
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POB
Proof of Business : it sells and we make money out
of it
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Importance of Minimum Viable Product (MVP)
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
Agenda
1) Definition
2) Sources
3) Models
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GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
References (1/3)
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(2013). Big Bang Disruptions, Harvard Business Review
Chasm Institute. http://www.chasminstitute.com/METHODOLOGY/TechnologyAdoptionLifeCycle/tabid/89/Default.aspx
Chesbrough, H.W. (2003). Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press.
Chesbrough, H.W. (2006). Open innovation: a new paradigm for understanding industrial innovation. In Chesbrough, H.W., Vanhaverbeke, W. and J. West (eds), Open Innovation:Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford University Press.
Christensen, C. (03/11/2012). A Capitalist’s Dilemma, Whoever Wins on Tuesday. The New York Times.
Cohen, W.M. and D.A. Levinthal (1990). Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective on Learning and Innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), pp.128-152.
Europe Enterpise Network, http://een.ec.europa.eu/
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
References (2/3)
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Etzkowitz, H. and L. Leydesdorff (2000). The dynamics of innovation: from National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations, Research Policy, 29 (2), pp. 109-123.
European Communities – Gate 2 Growth (2002). A Guide to Financing Innovation.
Geuna, A. (2001). The Changing Rationale for European University Research Funding: Are There Negative Unintended Consequences? Journal of Economic Issues, 35 (3), 607-632.
McKinsey Global Institute (2013). Disruptive technologies: advances that will transform life, business and the global economy.
Mowery D.C., Nelson R.R., Sampat B.N. and A.A. Ziedonis (2001). The growth of patenting and licensing by U.S. universities: an assessment of the effects of the Bayh–Dole act of 1980. Research Policy, 30 (1), 99–119.
OECD - Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd Edition.
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu
References (3/3)
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Pavitt, K. (1980). Industrial R&D and the British economic problem. R&D Management, 10, 149.
Perkmann M. and K. Walsh (2008). Engaging the scholar: Three types of academic consulting and their impact on universities and industry. Research Policy, 37, 1884–1891.
Perkmann M. and K. Walsh (2009). The two faces of collaboration: impacts of university-industry relations on public research. Industrial and Corporate Change, 1-33.
Procter and Gamble, Connect + Develop http://www.pgconnectdevelop.com/home/pg_open_innovation.html
GESTS423 – Technology Transfer – © Azèle Mathieu