2015 micro review i

8/18/2019 2015 Micro Review I

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Microbes & Pathogenesis - Review

Britt Andersen

2015-01-22

andersenb@wusmwust!edu


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Announcements

•

Microbe cards or Microbe card a"" (iTunes) You will need thesequizzes!

• Three quizzes (15%) + one nal exam (75%)

• Bateria "11 (#)

• $iruses "7 ()

• un&i"'arasites "1 (#)

• inal exam " (*)

• ramewor exerise (1,%) "1 ()

• #o the se!$-assessment%%% er' high 'ie!d $or the (na! e)am• *hese wi!! not be co!!ected or graded


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Reviews

• ormat of sessions

• -e.iew questions

• /m0ortant one0ts and terms

• tudent questions

• hedule

• -e.iew 1 (1")2 /ntro letures3 strutural 4ateriolo&3 host60atho&en in

• -e.iew (1",)2 ost60atho&en interations 3 89 oli3 TB3 :T;s

• -e.iew (",)2 )2 $iral infetions3 0arasitolo&

• -e.iew > (">)2 Bioterrorism3 fun&al di.ersit3 0atho&en diso.er

• -e.iew 7 ("1)2 *alaria3 infetion ontrol3 tre0tooi

• inal exam re.iew6 aturda *arh 1st (160m)9 /s this a &ood time?


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+ui, I .hat 'ou shou!d /now

•

ee list of Im"ortant Microbes on "11 of ourse 0a• *iro4es mared 4 asteriss will :@T 4e tested!

• Aram 0ositi.e or ne&ati.e?

• ;isease(s) aused3 denin& harateristis

•


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uestion C1


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uestion C1


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uestion C


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uestion C


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uestion C

#hat is the diEerene 4etween 4ateremia andse0tiemia?


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uestion C

#hat is the diEerene 4etween 4ateremia andse0tiemia?

Bateremia2 4ateria 0resent in the 4lood

e0tiemia2 4ateria multi0lin& in the 4lood


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uestion C=

/f a 4aterium senses a nutrient and mo.es towarthe Fa&ella rotatin& lowise or ounterlowise

#hat is this mehanism alled?


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uestion C=

/f a 4aterium senses a stimulus and mo.es towathe Fa&ella rotatin& lowise or ounterlowise

#hat is this mehanism alled? Dhemotaxis


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uestion C5

#hih of the followin& 0atho&ens ontains the enG'


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uestion C5

#hih of the followin& 0atho&ens ontains the enG'


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ectures-Im"ortant *erms & once"ts


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a"aron-Introduction to Medica! Microbio!og'


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Pathogens

• elminths

• 'rotozoa• un&i

• Bateria

• $irus

• 'rion


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Bacteria

• ha0e

• *eta4olismH aero4e3 anero4e3 faulati.e anero4e

• Aram 0os or ne&


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a"aron-Introduction to Microbia! Pathogenesis


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och3s Postu!ates

• 8.idene required to esta4lish a causa! relationshi0 4etween 0atho&en an

19 *iroor&anism must 4e found in all diseased animalsI4ut not in health

9 *iroor&anism must 4e isolated from diseased animal and &rown in 0ure

9 *iroor&anism &rown in 0ure ulture must re0rodue the disease when rinto suse0ti4le animals

=9 *iroor&anism must 4e reo.ered from the ex0erimentall infeted anim

•. Gimitations of JohKs 0ostulates2

19 ealth indi.iduals ma har4or the miroor&anism

9 :ot all miroor&anisms an 4e &rown in 0ure ulture (e9&9 .iruses)

9


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Im"ortant *ermino!og'

• 'atho&en .9 normal Fora

• @00ortunist

• :osoomial

• aultati.e .9 o4li&ate

• /nfetion"olonization

• $irulene


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Measuring iru!ence

• $irulene2 a4ilit of a 0atho&en to ause disease

• Dan 4e quantied 4 I#50 and #50


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iru!ence 4actors

• *oleules 0rodued 4 0atho&ens that ena4le them to ause disea

• Dolonize nihe en.ironments (tro"ism)

• 8.ade"su00ress host immune sstem

• L0tae nutrients or ex0el harmful su4stanes

• a"su!e2 inhi4its 0ha&otosis

•

Bio(!m2 immune e.asion3 anti4ioti resistane• Pi!i(mbriae2 ellular attahment3 4aterial onMu&ation

• *o)ins2 endotoxin (G')3 exotoxins

• 6ecretion s'stems

• M#R1


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4a!/ow3s Mo!ecu!ar addition to och3s Postu

• 8.idene required to show that a &ene found in a 0atho&en enode

viru!ence $actor3 i9e9 ontri4utes to the 0atho&enKs a4ilit to aus

19 The &ene should 4e found in all 0atho&eni strains of the miroor

9 /nati.ation of the &ene should lead to redued .irulene

9 -estorin& ex0ression of the &ene should reesta4lish .irulene


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once"tua! 4ramewor/ o$ Pathogenesis

1 7ncounter N reser.oir".etor3 transmission3 tro0ism

2 7ntr' N from where does the 0atho&en &ain aess to its host?

8 6"read N loal"sstemi

9 Mu!ti"!ication N immune e.asion

5 #amage N toxins3 disease"sequelae

: ;utcome N elimination3 ommensalism3 laten3 0ersistene


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Bacteria! !assi(cation- =ram "ositive andnegative

• Aram ne&ati.e 4ateria ha.e an outer mem4rane

• Thi 0e0tido&lan ell wall

• =ram- Thin 0e0tido&lan ell wall

• Acid-$ast Dell wall om0osed of moli aid

• *o4aterium

• :oardia

• Chlamydia Dell wall las 0e0tido&lan

• Mycoplasma:o ell wall


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=ram 6taining

Aram + sta

Aram 6 st


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=ram 6taining

The &ram stainin& method isnamed after the ;anish4ateriolo&ist ans Dhristian Ara


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=ram> =ram-

Da4


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Bacteria! 6tructures

19 'ili"m4riae *ro"ism3 4iolm3 motilit (t0e =)3 0lasmid ex

(onMu&ation)

9 la&ella Goomotion"hemotaxis

9 Da0sule Dom0osed of 0olsaharides3 inhi4its 0ha&otosi

=9 Dell wall Dom0osed of rosslined "e"tidog!'can (murein)

59 'eri0lasm 0ae 4etween to0lasmi mem4rane and ell wa

Aram6>9 'orins :utrient u0tae

79 Dell mem4rane


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Bacteria! 6tructures


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Bacteria! 6tructures- ?age!!a


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i"o"o!'saccharide P6

• Donsists of 0olsaharide + li0id

•

ound on outer mem4rane of Aram6 4ateria• i"id A endoto)in2 reo&nized 4 toll6lie ree0tors

(TG-6=) on immune ells 0ro6inFammator toinerelease se0ti sho

• i"oteichoic acid (GT

2015 micro review i

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