2014 senior external examination biology: paper one ... · 2014 senior external examination biology...

32
For all Queensland schools 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 November 2014 Paper One — Question and response book 9 am to 11:40 am Time allowed Perusal time: 10 minutes Working time: 2 hours 30 minutes Examination materials provided Paper One — Question and response book Notepaper Equipment/materials allowed QCAA-approved equipment non-programmable calculator one A4 sheet of EBI question topic research notes Directions Do not write in this book during perusal time. Paper One has three parts: Part A — Cell structure and function Part B — Physiology of organisms Part C — Organisms and ecosystems Attempt all questions. Suggested time allocation Part A: 60 minutes Part B: 50 minutes Part C: 40 minutes Assessment Paper One assesses the following assessment criteria: Understanding biology (UB) Investigating biology (IB) Evaluating biological issues (EBI) Assessment standards are at the end of this book. After the examination session The supervisor will collect this book. Take your research notes when you leave for use in Paper Two. Supervisor use only QCAA use only Supervisor’s initials Marker number Candidate use Print your candidate number here Attach barcode here Number of books used 1 4

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Page 1: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

For all Queensland schools

2014 Senior External Examination

Biology Wednesday 5 November 2014

Paper One — Question and response book 9 am to 11:40 am

Time allowed

• Perusal time: 10 minutes

• Working time: 2 hours 30 minutes

Examination materials provided

• Paper One — Question and response book

• Notepaper

Equipment/materials allowed

• QCAA-approved equipment

• non-programmable calculator

• one A4 sheet of EBI question topic research notes

Directions

Do not write in this book during perusal time.

Paper One has three parts:

• Part A — Cell structure and function

• Part B — Physiology of organisms

• Part C — Organisms and ecosystems

Attempt all questions.

Suggested time allocation

• Part A: 60 minutes

• Part B: 50 minutes

• Part C: 40 minutes

Assessment

Paper One assesses the following assessment criteria:

• Understanding biology (UB)

• Investigating biology (IB)

• Evaluating biological issues (EBI)

Assessment standards are at the end of this book.

After the examination session

The supervisor will collect this book.

Take your research notes when you leave for use in Paper Two.

Supervisor use only

QCAA use only

Supervisor’s initials

Marker number

––

Candidate use

Print your candidate number here

Attach barcode here

Number of books used

1 4

Page 2: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Planning space

Page 3: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Part A — Cell structure and function

Questions 1–5 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB).

Question 6 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI).

Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided.

Suggested time allocation: 60 minutes.

Question 1 (UB)

a. Is the cell shown below prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Explain your choice, referring to information from the diagram.

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b. What is the name and function of the organelle labelled N?

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c. Explain how the internal structure of organelle N increases the organelle’s efficiency and effectiveness.

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d. Explain how the function of organelle N impacts on the functioning of organelles P and Q.

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P

NQ

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Page 4: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 2 (UB)

The diagram below shows the fluid mosaic model of a cell membrane.

a. Label the two features marked on the diagram.

b. Explain the ways in which substances move passively across membranes. Link the movement to the features labelled in the diagram.

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Page 5: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 3 (IB)

During an experiment on bacterial growth, it was noticed that sealed dishes of the same culture grew at different rates when left overnight in different parts of a laboratory.

a. Formulate and justify a possible hypothesis for the observation.

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b. Outline an experimental design that tests the hypothesis by:

• providing methodology

• addressing variables and control

• planning replicate treatments

• identifying data to be collected (what, when, how).

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Page 6: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 4 (IB)

Catalase is an enzyme which brings about the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen:

A student decided to observe the effect of temperature on the activity of catalase in chopped liver.

Test tubes containing equal amounts of hydrogen peroxide and chopped liver were set in water baths at various temperatures. A drop of detergent was added to each test tube. The student observed the varying rates of reaction by measuring the depth of froth produced by the oxygen bubbles created in the reaction. The results are shown in the table below.

a. Draw a graph of these results.

catalaseHydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen

2H2O2 2H2O + O2

Temperature (°C)

Depth of bubbles in cmafter two minutes

10 0.8

15 1.5

20 3.2

25 5.4

30 6.8

35 8.1

40 7.4

45 1.1

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Page 7: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

b. What was the optimum temperature for the reaction?

c. Explain the relationship between temperature and depth of bubbles in terms of enzyme theory (refer to the graph).

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d. Outline an experiment to investigate the optimum pH (acidity) conditions for catalase action by:

• providing methodology

• addressing variables and control

• planning replicate treatments

• identifying data to be collected (what, when, how).

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Page 8: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 5 (UB)

a. Compare the differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration including purpose, inputs used and outputs produced.

b. A student measured the carbon dioxide and oxygen output from a plant and observed that the proportion of carbon dioxide released in the evening was higher than during the day. Explain this observation.

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Photosynthesis Cellular respiration

Purpose

Inputs

Outputs

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Page 9: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 6 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.

Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Question 6 (EBI)

Are sports drinks better than water?

Justify your decision by evaluating the effects of sports drinks on cell function. In your justification, consider:

• the role of sugar

• dehydration/rehydration

• the function of electrolytes

• the role of sodium

• osmosis.

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Page 10: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

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End of Part A

8

Page 11: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Part B — Physiology of organisms

Questions 1–5 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB).

Question 6 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI).

Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided.

Suggested time allocation: 50 minutes.

Question 1 (UB)

Grasshoppers have a number of paired mouthparts which serve to cut their food and manipulate it into the mouth. The insect’s digestive tract consists of three regions: the foregut, the midgut and the hindgut.

The foregut begins at the mouth and runs as a narrow oesophagus to a crop. The crop is a large, thin-walled sac which stores food. The crop opens into a muscular gizzard lined with thickened tooth-like projections.

The whole length of the foregut, from mouth to gizzard, is lined with cuticle similar to that which forms the exoskeleton of the insect. The midgut, or stomach, has no cuticular lining.

Opening into the stomach’s anterior end are six pouches; these secrete a digestive juice. The stomach is joined to the hindgut, or intestine, which is lined with cuticle like the foregut. The hindgut receives the waste products of digestion and nitrogenous wastes from excretory tubules.

Compare the function of the various parts of the grasshopper’s digestive system to those of a human. In your response, consider any structural differences which prevent certain functions taking place.

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oesophagus

mouth gizzard

crop digestive glandsstomach intestine

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Page 12: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 2 (UB)

The diagram below shows a simplified enlarged section of a plant root.

How does the structure of the root, with its millions of root hairs, facilitate its function?

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Question 3 (IB)

Three twigs from the same plant, with leaves of equal surface area, were set up as shown in the diagram.

Note:

• Covering the leaf with vaseline blocks the stomata.

• The film of oil prevents evaporation from the cylinder.

• The experiments were left in identical environmental conditions for 48 hours.

• The results in the table below show the volume of water remaining in each cylinder.

Cylinder Volume of water remaining (cm3)

A 76

B 90

C 65

root hairs

A B C

film of oil

Upper leaf surfacescovered in vaseline

Lower leaf surfacescovered in vaseline

No vaseline

100 cm water3

film of oil

100 cm water3

film of oil

100 cm water3

film of oil

100 cm water3

film of oil

100 cm water3

film of oil

100 cm water3

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Page 13: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

a. What is one hypothesis supported by the results of this experiment? Justify your response by referring to the data and concepts.

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b. Evaluate the design of the investigation and propose refinements.

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Page 14: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 4 (IB)

A student was investigating the hypothesis that boys’ hearts beat faster than girls’ hearts. The following data was recorded.

Critically examine the adequacy of the data and discuss the validity of any conclusions which could be drawn from these results. Propose refinements to the investigation.

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Sex Rate of heartbeat

Female 85 beats per minute

Male 41 beats per 30 seconds

Male 178 beats in two minutes

Female 86 beats per minute

Male 77 beats per minute

Female 68 beats per minute

Female 48 beats per 30 seconds

Male 93 beats per minute

Male 81 beats per minute

Male 40 beats per 30 seconds

Female 87 beats per minute

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Page 15: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 5 (IB)

Design a controlled experiment to investigate the effect of humidity, heat or wind on the rate of transpiration over a 10-minute period.

a. Write an hypothesis to predict the outcome.

b. Outline a methodology addressing variables and controls and planning replicate treatments.

c. Identify the types of data to be collected.

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Page 16: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 6 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below.

Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas.

Question 6 (EBI)

The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) describes xenotransplantation as the transplantation of living cells, tissues or organs from one species to another — such as from pigs to humans.

Xenotransplantation could save thousands of patients waiting for donated organs; therefore medical research into interspecies transplants should be a high priority.

Do you agree with this statement? Justify your decision by including the following in your response:

• why xenotransplantation is considered

• how well it works

• the current risks involved

• comparing alternatives to xenotransplantation.

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Page 17: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

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End of Part B

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Page 18: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Part C — Organisms and ecosystems

Questions 1–6 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB).

Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided.

Suggested time allocation: 40 minutes.

Question 1 (UB/IB)

The following field data was collected from a river ecosystem.

a. From the information provided, construct a food web that clearly shows feeding relationships.

Name of organism Observations

Tadpole Feeds on algae in the river

Water snail Feeds on algae in the river

Mosquito larva Feeds on algae in the river

Dragonfly nymph Feeds on mosquito larvae

Long-necked tortoiseGut contents include partially digested mosquito larvae, tadpoles, water snails and dragonfly nymphs

CodGut contents include partially digested dragonfly nymphs and long-necked tortoise

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Page 19: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

b. From the food web, select and draw a food chain with cod as a third-order consumer.

c. Bacteria and fungi belong to an important group of organisms in a food web. What is this group called? What is its role in a community?

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d. What effect would the sudden appearance of fish that eat large quantities of algae have on the food web? Discuss the impact on all organisms in the food web.

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e. Name one environmental change that could happen in this area to affect the food web. How might the food web change?

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Page 20: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 2 (UB)

Rabbits often found in deserts have large ears with a rich network of capillaries which lie near the skin.

Kangaroos have a special network of capillaries which lie near the surface of the skin on the inside of the forearms and, in times of intense heat, they can be seen licking their forearms.

Explain how these features help each animal regulate body temperature.

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Question 3 (IB)

Four species of marsupial were studied in their natural environment and were found to have the following food preferences, habitats and shelter requirements.

Which two species would compete most with each other? Justify your conclusion.

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Species Food preference Habitat Shelter requirement

I Ants Open woodland Burrows

II Shoots & leaves Open woodland Hollow logs

III Ants Dense forest Hollow logs

IV Berries & roots Dense forest Hollow logs

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Page 21: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 4 (IB)

Paramecium is a unicellular organism which can easily be fed on yeast cells and cultured in a flask in the laboratory. In a well-known experiment two different species of Paramecium were grown, either alone or mixed together. The sizes of the populations of Paramecium were estimated over two weeks and the results presented in the graphs below.

a. Using the data for P. aurelia grown alone, explain what is happening to the population at:

i. Day 6

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ii. Day 12

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b. Suggest reasons for the difference in results for the mixed cultures and those for the singular cultures.

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c. Predict what will happen to both single cultures if the experiment is continued for an extended period of time. Explain your response.

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Popula

tion s

ize

Time in days Time in days

P. aurelia

alone

P. caudatum

aloneP. aurelia

in mixed culture

P. caudatum

in mixed culture

2 24 46 68 810 1012 1214 14

Popula

tion s

ize

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Page 22: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Question 5 (IB)

A biologist collected the data below on the population numbers of plankton, prawns and small fish found in a particular area.

a. Graph the data.

Time(months)

Number of organisms

Plankton Prawns Small fish

10 100 130 340

12 140 130 310

14 200 130 210

16 210 135 180

18 190 140 220

10 150 160 320

12 120 190 350

14 120 100 330

16 180 170 250

18 220 150 210

20 200 140 240

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Page 23: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

b. Analyse the results to draw conclusions about the relationships between species and within a species.

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Question 6 (IB)

Selective logging of timber occurs in the rainforests of north Queensland and results in 50% of the canopy being removed. Biologists have studied the effect of this logging on three ringtail possum species living in the rainforest.

On the basis of the information provided, decide which possum population is most likely to be affected by selective logging. Justify your decision.

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End of Part C

End of Paper One

Green ringtail possum A solitary animal living in the canopy of strangler fig trees. Its diet includes figs from trees which are not logged.

Herbert River ringtail possum A canopy dweller which is generally a solitary animal. It lives in a ‘den’ (e.g. a hollow tree or an epiphytic clump).

Lemuroid ringtail possum A canopy dweller living in family groups. It is able to leap up to two metres from one branch to another. It is the most reluctant of the three species to come down to the ground.

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Page 24: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Additional pages for responses (if required)

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Page 25: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

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Part Question

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Page 26: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

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Part Question

24

Page 27: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Planning space

25

Page 28: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Planning space

26

Page 29: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Planning space

27

Page 30: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

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The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

un

ders

tand

ing

by s

tatin

g id

eas

and

usin

g te

rmin

olog

y re

leva

nt to

co

ncep

ts a

nd re

callin

g in

terre

latio

nshi

ps.

The

cand

idat

e st

ates

term

inol

ogy

and

idea

s re

leva

nt to

con

cept

s.

Inve

stig

atin

g bi

olog

yTh

e ca

ndid

ate

com

mun

icat

es

inve

stig

ativ

e pr

oces

ses

by:

•for

mul

atin

g ju

stifi

ed

rese

arch

able

que

stio

ns

•des

igni

ng a

n in

vest

igat

ion

by

prov

idin

g m

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gy,

addr

essi

ng v

aria

bles

and

co

ntro

l, pl

anni

ng re

plic

ate

treat

men

ts a

nd id

entif

ying

dat

a to

be

colle

cted

•org

anis

ing

data

to id

entif

y tre

nds

and

inte

rrela

tions

hips

•int

erpr

etin

g an

d cr

itica

lly

anal

ysin

g da

ta w

ith li

nks

to

theo

retic

al c

once

pts

to d

raw

co

nclu

sion

s re

latin

g to

the

ques

tion(

s)

•eva

luat

ing

the

desi

gn o

f the

in

vest

igat

ion

and

refle

ctin

g on

th

e ad

equa

cy o

f the

dat

a co

llect

ed a

nd p

ropo

sing

re

finem

ents

.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

in

vest

igat

ive

proc

esse

s by

:

•for

mul

atin

g re

sear

chab

le

ques

tions

•des

igni

ng a

n in

vest

igat

ion

by

prov

idin

g m

etho

dolo

gy,

addr

essi

ng o

bvio

us v

aria

bles

an

d co

ntro

l and

pla

nnin

g re

plic

ate

treat

men

ts

•org

anis

ing

data

•int

erpr

etin

g da

ta a

nd d

raw

ing

conc

lusi

ons

rela

ting

to th

e qu

estio

n(s)

•eva

luat

ing

the

desi

gn o

f the

in

vest

igat

ion

and

the

adeq

uacy

of

the

data

col

lect

ed.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

in

vest

igat

ive

proc

esse

s by

:

•ide

ntify

ing

rese

arch

able

qu

estio

ns

•des

igni

ng a

n in

vest

igat

ion

by

prov

idin

g in

com

plet

e m

etho

dolo

gy w

ith fe

w v

aria

bles

an

d at

tem

pts

to in

clud

e a

cont

rol

•org

anis

ing

data

•usi

ng d

ata

to d

raw

con

clus

ions

.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

in

vest

igat

ive

proc

esse

s by

:

•usi

ng d

ata

to a

nsw

er q

uest

ions

•des

igni

ng a

n in

vest

igat

ion

whi

ch p

rovi

des

inco

mpl

ete

met

hodo

logy

and

men

tions

va

riabl

es

•atte

mpt

ing

to o

rgan

ise

data

.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

in

vest

igat

ive

proc

esse

s by

pr

ovid

ing

inco

mpl

ete

met

hodo

logy

, and

tran

scrib

es

data

.

28

Page 31: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

Pap

er O

ne

(co

nti

nu

ed)

Crit

erio

nA

BC

DE

Eval

uatin

g bi

olog

ical

is

sues

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

by:

•int

egra

ting

the

info

rmat

ion

and

data

to m

ake

just

ified

and

re

spon

sibl

e de

cisi

ons

•com

parin

g al

tern

ativ

es a

nd

pred

ictio

ns re

leva

nt in

pas

t, pr

esen

t and

futu

re b

iolo

gica

l co

ntex

ts.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

by:

•int

egra

ting

the

info

rmat

ion

and

data

to m

ake

logi

cal d

ecis

ions

•rec

ogni

sing

alte

rnat

ives

and

pr

edic

tions

that

are

rele

vant

in

a ra

nge

of p

ast a

nd p

rese

nt

biol

ogic

al c

onte

xts.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

by:

•sel

ectin

g re

leva

nt in

form

atio

n an

d da

ta to

mak

e pl

ausi

ble

deci

sion

s an

d pr

edic

tions

•rec

ogni

sing

con

cept

s th

at fo

rm

the

basi

s of

pre

sent

-day

bi

olog

ical

issu

es in

a ra

nge

of

biol

ogic

al c

onte

xts.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

by:

•mak

ing

unsu

ppor

ted

deci

sion

s

•rec

ogni

sing

that

a g

iven

issu

e ha

s bi

olog

ical

impl

icat

ions

.

The

cand

idat

e co

mm

unic

ates

by

rest

atin

g su

pplie

d in

form

atio

n.

29

Page 32: 2014 Senior External Examination Biology: Paper One ... · 2014 Senior External Examination Biology Wednesday 5 ... • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB)

© Th

CopyrQuee

Excepor othpermi

The Qrequir

EnquiAsses

MPuEm

Que& APO BoLevel 7T + 61F + 61

www.

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