ARCHITECTUR

October 8, 2014

ENERGIZED

Part 2:Energy Code Performance Path

MORNING OVERVIEW

2

• Key differences in performance path between ASHRAE and NECB

• Performance Path in Practice - Demo

What you will learn

• How to prepare a detailed energy model using the performance path

What you won’t learn

PERFORMANCE PATH

3

Flexible – Not Prescriptive!

Potential benefits outweigh the additional effort

Prescriptive, Trade-off may weight envelope too high

Model tells you best bang for the buck and provides a path for many design constraints

COMPLIANCE PATHS

4

LEED Canada NC 2009

MNECB 1997

ASHRAE 90.1-2007

App. G Rules

ASHRAE 90.1-2010

ECB Rules

NECB 2011

Code Compliance

LEED v4

NECB 2011 w/ mods

ASHRAE 90.1-2010

App. G Rules

WHICH CODE SHOULD I USE?

5

No “catch-all” answer Some buildings are “caught” by one of the codes Energy consultant should know ins/outs of the code

and make an informed “guess”

NECB VS. ASHRAE

6

NECB 2011 ASHRAE 90.1 2010

Envelope More Stringent -

HVAC & DHW Slightly More Stringent -

Lighting & Electrical Same Same

Trade off options For every section For some sections

Energy Modeling Based on “Energy Use” Based on “Energy Cost”

Mandatory provisions

None for Energy models Always applied

Glazing Ratio Calculation Only above grade

Includes below grade, provision for orientation

Performance Path ??? ???

COMPARISON STUDIES

7

DOES SOFTWARE MATTER?

8

GENERAL

9

• Schedules• Process Loads

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 240

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

NECB C Occupancy

Mon-Fri Sat Sun

Hour

Frac

tion

MANDATORY PROVISIONS

10

ASHRAE – Must always meet NECB mandatory requirements go

away with performance path

BUILDING ENVELOPE

11

NECB Glazing ratios, CoV correction

0 5 10 15 20 25$200,000

$205,000

$210,000

$215,000

$220,000

$225,000

$230,000

$235,000

$240,000

$245,000

$250,000

Energy Cost vs. Effective Wall R-value

ASHRAE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

12

NECB MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

13

DISTRICT HEATING

14

No benefit or penalty for the “plant”

Plant usually compensates for poor envelope

Harder to comply with code

VENTILATION

15

NECB Use code rates ASHRAE Rates as per design Ventilation rates to be as per AHJ

(different than LEED!)

LIGHTING CONTROLS

16

Controls mandatory in ASHRAE (no credit) NECB has set “savings” for occupancy control – doesn’t

always mean reality Daylight benefit in NECB – modeled directly in

software

DOCUMENTATION

17

Consider early on! City of Vancouver Checklists Use of Schedule S

WHICH CODE?

18

ExamplesHigh Rise MURB with Electric BaseboardsHospitalData Centre

PERFORMANCE PATH IN ACTION

19

ARCHITECTUR

October 8, 2014

ENERGIZED

Parts 3 & 4:Responding to the Opportunity

OBJECTIVES

21

Identify the interrelated nature of architectural form on other building systems, energy and comfort

Extract more value from the integrated design process by incorporating data-driven guidance

Use key performance indicators to get early, real time feedback on design options

Realize more potential from your “energy modeler”

Enjoy the session

ENERGY ANALYSIS…WHO CAN DO IT?

22

Buildings are complicated

It’s more than just learning software

Opportunities for simplified analysis, but requires more judgment

Capacity bottlenecks

BETTER THAN BIM

23

WHERE DOES ANALYSIS FIT IN?

24

Goal SettingDiscovery

Interactive Loads and Comfort

Explorations

Optimization of Building Systems

Tuning and

Compliance

GOAL SETTING

25

Define

Measurable

Revisited

Accountable

PRIMARY GOALS

26

…

ADDITIONAL GOALS

27

Budget

Meet AHJ Requirements

Constructability

Environmental

Operating Costs

GOALS DESIGN CONSTRAINTS?

28

BUILDING ENVELOPE

29

STRONG RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE

HVAC OPTIONS

30

MissedOpportunities

Equipment Size System Type

Ventilation &

Occupancy

ARCHITECTURAL IMPACTS

31

Architectural

Form

Façade&

Glazing

Heat Loss Potential

HVAC Options

Condens. Risk

Solar Exposure

Orientation

Energy

Comfort Occ

DESIGN INTERACTIONS

32

Goals

Design Constraints

Architecture

Lighting

Mechanical

Envelope

INTEGRATED DESIGN EXPERIENCE

33

• When did it happen?• How far along was design?

Timing

• Who was there?• How were they engaged?

Players

• Did data inform the process?• Was there an active energy modeler?• Was any work done before hand?

Data

DATA DRIVEN GUIDANCE

34

• Detailed data takes time to produce• Simplified analysis cannot always be trusted• Past experience good, but is it validated?

The Challenge

• Real data based on anticipated direction• Visualize large data sets

The Solution

THE OPPORTUNITY

35

Goal SettingDiscovery

Interactive Loads and Comfort

Explorations

Optimization of Building Systems

Tuning and

Compliance

MASSING OPTIONS – OFFICE TOWER

36

BRAINSTORM

37

Massing?Elevations?Shading?

Tie Back to Goals

OUTCOMES

38

Energy• Too early• No M&E Yet• Possible for simple

projects

Loads• Heat, Cool, Light• Annual & Peak• No M&E Required• Need to know use

Comfort• What metrics are

valuable early?• Daylight contours

takes time• Glare indicators• Thermal Comfort

MAP IT

39

Optimizing Building Systems Through Energy Analysis

ENERGY MODELERS

41

TOP 5 QUESTIONS FOR ENERGY CONSULTANT

42

What are you doing here?

What code are you using and why?

What’s included in your R-value?

What matters?

How do these results compare with reality?

WHAT ARE YOU DOING HERE?

43

“Provide a fee for energy

modelling”

Write a scope that meets your

needs

What feedback to you want? When do

you want it?

Energy? Comfort? Daylight?

How will this consultant

help you do your job?

WHAT CODE ARE YOU USING?

44

Don’t chase the code

A good design will meet code, but…

Some codes penalize some buildings unfairly

Consultant should know the codes inside-out and recommend appropriately

WHAT’S WITH THE R-VALUE?

45

Is the R-value representative of the construction? What’s included in the R-value calculation? What source did you use? Have you seen the Building Envelope Thermal Bridging

Guide? Have you considered the details?

WHAT MATTERS?

46

Model Prescriptive?

Ask for a sensitivity analysis

Find out what matters to set yourself up for success throughout

design

WHAT DO THE RESULTS MEAN?

47

Can you put the energy use in context for me? How does this compare with other projects? Is the number similar to actual operating buildings? Is the end-use breakdown typical? Is it indicative of

anything odd?

BUILDING SYSTEMS OPTIMIZATION

48

Baseline – Office Tower Box, 60% Glazing, CW, no shading

Option 1 – Narrow, 20/20/40/20, H/V Shading Option 2 – Curve, 30/40/40/30, H Shading Option 3 – Box, 30/30/30/30, H/V Shading Option 4 – Curve, 60/60/60/40, H Shading

BUILDING ENVELOPE

49

BUILDING ENVELOPE

50

Sample Effective Performance for “Standard” Construction Curtain Wall R4 to R9 Steel Framed R7 to R15 Concrete R6 to R12

Glazing Double Glazing with High and Low SHGC Triple Glazing with High and Low SHGC

M&E

51

Standard VAV vs. 100% OA with Radiant Heating Efficiency Cooling Efficiency Heat Recovery Lighting Savings

MAP IT

52

CONCLUSIONS

53

Data driven conceptual design can help quantify the impacts of design decisions More options than you think!

Optimizing “form” leads to more options / cost effectiveness during building systems optimization

Energy models are more than that – take the opportunity to extract other important metrics like daylight, glare, and thermal comfort

Thank You