2013 - the spice journal · concept 1. shodhana - referred to elimination - targets at the...
TRANSCRIPT
2013
• Books/book chapters
• Journal articles
• Websites
• Historical documents – puskola poth and weda ath poth
• Personal communications with expertise in indigenous medicinal systems
Indigenous medicinal
systems in Sri Lanka
Source: BMARI, Sri Lanka
A well-balanced co-operation of these three energies is important to keep the entire body and mind healthy and
to lead an active, happy life.
In ayurveda particularly in Asia
Tri-Dosha concept is important.
1. Vata (air and ether-space)
everything from the navel to the feet
2. Pitta (fire and water)
everything from the neck towards the navel
3. Kapha (water and earth)
everything from the neck upwards is counted as Kapha 1
2
3
Principles of Ayurvedic medicine
Concept 1. Shodhana - referred to elimination - targets at the elimination of the basic causes of disease 2. Shamana
- referred as alleviation - Shamana methods mitigate the disease and its symptoms.
Important terms in Ayurveda Thrikatu : Ginger, Black pepper and Long pepper Thrijatha: Cardamom is an important component of thrijatha Thiwaga: Clove, Nutmeg and Cardamom
Botanical name English name/s
Sanskrit name/s Sinhala name/s
Tamil name/s
Piper nigrum L. Black pepper Maricha Gammiris Milaku
Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Ginger Nagara/Ardrakam Inguru Inji/ Shukku
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Nutmeg/ Mace Jati/ Jatiphala Sadikka Sadikai
Elettaria cardamomum L. Maton.
Cardamom Ela Enasal/ Carandamungu
Alaka/Ella-kai/Cardamunga
Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb.
Clove Deva kusuma Karambu neti Karambu/ Kiramb
Curcuma longa L. Turmeric Haridra/Varararnini Kaha Manchal
Garcinia quaesita Pierre. Garcinia/ Red mango/ Malabar tamarind
Amlarethasa/Vrukshamala
Goraka/ Rath Goraka
Korakkaipuli
Piper longum L. Long pepper Pippali Tippili, Wagapul Pippili/ Thippili
Pharmacological applications
• Black pepper roots - in preparing mouth wash
• Black pepper leaves - for tonsils and painful muscles
• Black pepper berries - for rheumatic pain
- in spiritual medicinal practices for asthma
• stomachic • carminative • induces secretion of bile • gastro-intestinal disorders • gustatory enhancer
Medicinal properties
• bioavailability enhancing property • anti-tumor • oral bioavailability • polysaccharides - immune enhancer • anti-oxidant properties • anti-microbial activity
Species Oil % Oleoresin % Piperine % Reference
Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) variety BD/MW24
4.15 18.2 11.92 Dharmaparakrama et al. 2011
Ginger (Zingiber officinalae Roscoe.) 1.30 – 3.00 3.50 – 10.00 NA Administration Report of DEA, 2010
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
9.18 14.86 NA Senanayake et al. 2007
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
3.45 19.35 NA Senanayake et al. 2007
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.)
6.75 24.00 NA Unpublished data
Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus Spreng.) 23.75 30.34 NA Abeykoon 2008
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
2.50 – 7.20 40.00 – 50.00 NA Purseglove et al. 1981
Garcinia (Garcinia quaesita Pierre.) 0.22 63.80 NA Test Report of Silverin Herbal Products, 2005
Long pepper (Piper longum L.) 0.24 22.29 0.75 Unpublished data
Pharmacological applications
• for rheumatic disorders, migraine headache
• for morning sickness during early pregnancy
• for hiccoughs
• for common cold, cough and fever
• for cattah
• for joint swelling
Medicinal properties • anti-cancerous
gingerol, paradol, shogaols and zingerone
• anti-inflammatory • anti-diabetic • anti-bacterial • anti-tumorigenic • anti-hyperglycemic
• stomachic zingiberene, terpenoid and gingerol
• increases bile secretion • increase the appetite • hypolipidaemic • stimulates major heart muscles • lowers the blood pressure
Pharmacological applications
• effective remedy for insomnia, mental irritability and depression
• helpful against flatulence and vomiting, diarrhoea, curing headache and sores
• roasted and ground nutmeg - applied to wounds
• for smelly mouth
• pimples
• carminative and stomachic • helps digestion • anti-diarrhoeal properties
• anti-microbial Staphylococcus aureus and Aspergillus niger α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, 1,8-cineole, carvacrol, terpinen, eugenol and isoeugenol
• anti-oxidant • acts against acute inflammation • reduces glucose level
Medicinal properties
Pharmacological applications
• dyspepsia and nausea, even nausea in pregnancy
• help to clear coughs
• for impotence and low sexual response
• for gastrointestinal disorders especially gastric lesions
• cure skin diseases, for headache
• for urinary calculi
• helpful for the digestive system • acts as a laxative • soothes colic
• anti-microbial properties • cardiac stimulant • expectorant properties • calming and sedative properties
Medicinal properties
Pharmacological applications
• helps in relieving indigestion and constipation problems
• throat, cough, hiccoughs, asthma, diarrhoea and urinary diseases
• children suffering from worms and indigestion
• Bronchitis, cure cough and cold, cures sore throat, stop vomiting, dizziness and travel sickness
• Clove releases tension
• to make cigarettes to help in quit smoking
• anti-bacterial
• anti-coagulant
• anti-gas agent
• anti-vomiting
• anti-oxidant
• anti-microbial
• anti-platelet
• anti-edemas
• use in dentistry as a local-anesthetic and anti-septic
for teeth and gum
• carminative and gastro-protective properties
• increase gastro-intestinal enzyme secretions, improve the
digestion power, alleviate accumulated gas in the
digestive tract
• anti-septic properties of eugenol
Medicinal properties
Medicinal properties
• anti-septic properties
• capable of reducing blood sugar
• an anti-oxidant
• posses anti-inflammatory properties
• inhibits the platelet aggregation
Pharmacological applications
• for intestinal disorders, especially for chronic diarrhoea and flatulence
• to treat intestinal problems, cures for expelling worms
• skin treatment, for beauty-cultural purpose
• in measles/chickenpox, for cough and cold
• for anemia, dental problems
• poison of insect bite
• natural anti-obesity • capable of balancing the secretion of gastric juice • anti-septic properties
HCA acts in three different ways. 1. Reduces the conversion of carbohydrates into fat by inhibiting the activity of
the enzyme ATP citrate lyase.
2. HCA also enables to burn glucose before it is stored as fat.
3. HCA reduces the appetite.
Pharmacological applications • rheumatism and bowel complaints • to treat anorexia and chronic dyspepsia • decoction is used in washing ulcers and spongy gums • use as an external washing for patients with eczema • for bruises, tired legs , gum abscess
Medicinal properties
Medicinal properties
• rejuvenating and vitalizing drug in ayurveda
• increases the gastric secretion and improves appetite
• roots - carminative, laxative and expectorant properties, anti-oxidant activity, anti-cancer, nerve depressant
• antagonistic effect on electro-shock and chemo-shock seizures
• lowers blood cholesterol level
Pharmacological applications
• widely used for diseases of respiratory tract
• for acute and chronic bronchitis, cold, cough and fever
• used to treat rheumatism, insomnia, epilepsy, in paralysis
Species Ayurvedic product Plant part/s used
Ailment/s
Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)
Kashaya, Arishta, Asawa, Churna, Kalka, guli, oil
Dried berries Phlegm, cattah, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic pain, tonsils, sinusitis, Intestinal disorders
Ginger (Zingiber officinalae Roscoe.) Kashaya, Arishta, Asawa, Churna, kalka, guli, oil
Dried rhizome Phlegm, cattah, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic pain, tonsils, sinusitis, Intestinal disorders
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
Arishta, Asawa, Churna, kalka, guli, oil
Dried seed and mace (aril)
Intestinal disorders, mental depression, phlegm, cattah
Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum L.)
Kashaya, Arishta, Asawa, Churna, kalka, guli, oil
Dried pod or seeds Urine calculi, kidney/urinary disorders, dementia, mental depression
Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus Spreng.) Kashaya, Arishta, Asawa, Churna, kalka, guli, oil
Unopened dried flower buds
Intestinal disorders. phlegm, mental depression, rheumatic pain
Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)
Kashaya, Arishta, Asawa, Churna, kalka, guli, oil
Dried rhizome Joint arthritis, skin rashes, phlegm, cattah, Eosinophilia, cuts, wounds
Goraka (Garcinia quaesita Pierre.) Only use for churna e.g. Bashkara lawana churnaya
Dried fruit rind Intestinal disorder (gastritis) and phlegm
Long pepper (Piper longum L.) Kashaya, Arishta, Asawa, Churna, kalka, guli, oil
Mainly the dried spike
Phlegm, cattah, rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatic pain, tonsils, sinusitis, Intestinal disorders
Spices possess remarkable medicinal properties on human health.
These spices are used in the Sri Lankan indigenous medicinal systems combining with
other herbs for various ailments.
The information provided in this review can be used an important platform for the
development of inexpensive, safe and effective natural medicines using spices.
• Dr. Mangalika Thumpela at Ayurvedic Production Center at Pallekele
• Dr. L.G. Ekanayake at Alawatte gedara, Owala
• Dr. I.S. Wasukee Renuka at Ayurvedic Dispensary, Bandarapola
• Dr. M.A.D Nilmini at Free Ayurvedic Research Centre, Gampola
• Dr. Sudeepa Sugathadasa, at BMARI, Navinna
• Mr. Wasula Ilangasinghe at SGS Pvt. Ltd., Dambulla
Wish you a healthy and happy life………. f