2013 portfolio

RHIANNON L. SINCLAIR 03

RESUME

ACADEMIC WORK

PHILLY BREWERY

META FORUM

VISUALIZING TWITTER NETWORKS

FORMAL QUALITIES

PUBLIC REALM

THE CITY THAT NEVER WAS

PROFESSIONAL WORK

ZONING ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL

CITY ENERGY BENCHMARKING

TABLE OFCONTENTSA collection of works from my academic experience in Architecture school and graduate program in City Planning and Urban Design, as well as professional work for the city of Philadelphia.

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UNDERGRADUATE

GRADUATE

EDUCATION

RHIANNON L. SINCLAIR

University of Pennsylvania, School of Design Master of City Planning Candidate, 2013 Urban Design | Sustainable Infrastructure Relevant Courses: Cartographic Modeling, Community & Economic Development Practicum, Quantitative Planning & Analysis Methods, and Urban Economics GPA: 3.67/4.0

Philadelphia University, School of Architecture Bachelor of Architecture with High Distinction in Architecture, 2011 Henry Adams Certificate of Merit GPA: 3.7/4.0

Danish Institute for Study Abroad Supplement to Bachelor of Architecture, 2010

EXPERIENCE Philadelphia Mayors Office of Sustainability, Sustainability Analytics Intern, Oct. 2011 PresentMigrated and reported on energy usage data for all city-owned buildings over 10,000 sqft as partial fulfillment of the Greenworks Plan energy initiatives to reduce city building energy consumption.

Promoted private sector involvement in publicizing energy consumptions through the advocacy of Bill No. 120428-A through City Council in October 2013.

Helped manage the guaranteed energy savings renovation of major city governmental buildings for the Office of Sustainability in conjunction with NORESCO.

3633 Fisk Avenue | Philadelphia, PA 19129 | 410.919.7800 | [email protected]

Expert: AutoCAD 2010, Rhino 5 [Modeling, Grasshopper], Microsoft Office [Word, Excel, Publisher], Adobe CS 6 [Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator], Maxwell, VRay

Intermediate: ArcGIS 10 [Python], SketchUp, Revit 2010, Maya 2011, 3dsMax

Introductory: Adobe CS 6 [Flash, Dreamweaver, AfterEffects] Ecotect, Python, HTML 5

Philadelphia Office of Commerce & Economic Development, Planning Intern, June 2012 Sept. 2012

Finalized planning and design for the Zoning Administrative Manual in accordance with new zoning legislation in Philadelphia released in October 2012.

Assisted in the design of business incubator documents and marketing material to attract new business to the city.

SKILLS

PennDesign Merit Scholarship, 2011 to 2013LEED GA Certification, February 2013PennDesign LINK Design Editor, 2012 to 2013Henry Adams Certificate of Merit, May 2011TS/SCI FS Polygraph, April 2005 to August 2008

ACHIEVEMENTS

Fishtank, LLC., Freelance Designer, March 2011 July 2011Worked with principals to develop marketing materials and presentation drawings for client meetings.

Contributed to building fit out drawings and site analysis in the schematic development portion of the design process.

04 PORTFOLIO

EDUCATION


University of Pennsylvania, School of Design Master of City Planning Candidate, 2013 Urban Design | Sustainable Infrastructure Relevant Courses: Cartographic Modeling, Community & Economic Development Practicum, Quantitative Planning & Analysis Methods, and Urban Economics GPA: 3.67/4.0

Philadelphia University, School of Architecture Bachelor of Architecture with High Distinction in Architecture, 2011 Henry Adams Certificate of Merit GPA: 3.7/4.0

Danish Institute for Study Abroad Supplement to Bachelor of Architecture, 2010

EXPERIENCE Philadelphia Mayors Office of Sustainability, Sustainability Analytics Intern, Oct. 2011 PresentMigrated and reported on energy usage data for all city-owned buildings over 10,000 sqft as partial fulfillment of the Greenworks Plan energy initiatives to reduce city building energy consumption.

Promoted private sector involvement in publicizing energy consumptions through the advocacy of Bill No. 120428-A through City Council in October 2013.

Helped manage the guaranteed energy savings renovation of major city governmental buildings for the Office of Sustainability in conjunction with NORESCO.

3633 Fisk Avenue | Philadelphia, PA 19129 | 410.919.7800 | [email protected]

Expert: AutoCAD 2010, Rhino 5 [Modeling, Grasshopper], Microsoft Office [Word, Excel, Publisher], Adobe CS 6 [Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator], Maxwell, VRay

Intermediate: ArcGIS 10 [Python], SketchUp, Revit 2010, Maya 2011, 3dsMax

Introductory: Adobe CS 6 [Flash, Dreamweaver, AfterEffects] Ecotect, Python, HTML 5

Philadelphia Office of Commerce & Economic Development, Planning Intern, June 2012 Sept. 2012

Finalized planning and design for the Zoning Administrative Manual in accordance with new zoning legislation in Philadelphia released in October 2012.

Assisted in the design of business incubator documents and marketing material to attract new business to the city.

SKILLS

PennDesign Merit Scholarship, 2011 to 2013LEED GA Certification, February 2013PennDesign LINK Design Editor, 2012 to 2013Henry Adams Certificate of Merit, May 2011TS/SCI FS Polygraph, April 2005 to August 2008

ACHIEVEMENTS

Fishtank, LLC., Freelance Designer, March 2011 July 2011Worked with principals to develop marketing materials and presentation drawings for client meetings.

Contributed to building fit out drawings and site analysis in the schematic development portion of the design process.

69 Newton Street Apt 2RSomerville, MA 02143(410) [email protected]



The first major collaborative effort in the Bachelor of Architecture program, this series of studies of the demographics and access as current patterns surrounding the potential building site on Germantown Avenue serves as a platform for study into the most appropriate program for the triangular site.

A Micro-Brewery was proposed as the program and architectural intervention.

06 PORTFOLIO

PHILLYBREWERY

Germantown Avenue breaks the standard grid iron that defines Philadelphia. This diagonal generates a new typology that until now has been undervalued and inactivated.

68%39%

40%

P O P U L AT I O N D E M O G R A P H I C S : R a c e & P o v e r t y

Demographic Comparison

Time of Day versus Activity Levels

A space for gathering was necessary in this scheme to enable individuals to meet or to celebrate or to entertain.

PHILLY BREWERY: RENDERED BUILDING DESIGN


Digital interface now accounts for a significantly higher portion of social interaction and idea exchange, limiting the real interface that historically was responsible for human survival and evolution.

In the wake of this potential socially compromising urban climate, it becomes increasingly important to develop an architecture that parallels the progressive nature of societys reliance on virtual connections as a means displaying and receiving information. To continue to evolve socially, architecture must involve the audience on a more pragmatic level, allowing them not only to occupy the space but to become a part of the space experientially.

This phenomenon materializes into a pavilion for gathering and developing a body of individuals that come together for a cause, a cause that the building skin also recognizes and reflects in its inflections.a caption. This is the place for the text, to describe the project as a caption. This is the place for the text, to describe the project as a caption. This is

08 PORTFOLIO

METAFORUM

A new urban phenomenon is developing alongside the digital era that is overturning the way society thinks about communication.

Diagramming the actions of the pavilion form through parametric modeling, inputting sound variables and encouraging movement based on decibel level changes.

META FORUM: DYNAMIC SPACE FOR SHIFTS IN SOCIALEXPERIENCES


RE

SP

ON

SIV

E S

UR

FA

CE

: sou

nd

Physical Presence identifying surface inection where:

T h r e s h o l d s o f S o u n d I n t e n s i t y

I N T O L E R A N C E

V E R Y N O I S Y

L O U D

M O D E R A T E

Q U I E T

P a i n

[150 dB]

[100 dB]

[80 dB]

[60 dB]

[20 dB]

((y-x)/y) * z = surface inection

x = distance from the surface pick points to the closest retractor point (capacity)

y = reciprocal of the distance (attraction v. retraction) controls inection within decibel parameters

z = collection of sound intensity information from sensors

Loud ConcertBar in Nightclub

Personal StereoLoud Radio

Personal Conversation

Virtually Silent

[x]

[z]

This localizes the response of form to the nearest pick points and structural armatures based on reaching thresholds of decibel levels.

Deafness

8988

Abstract | Position Paper | Investigative Methods | Site | Program | Objectives | Appendix | Work CitedAbstract | Position Paper | Investigative Methods | Site | Program | Objectives | Appendix | Work Cited

z

yx

Surface Grid [digital] [x]

Surface [physical] [xyz]

Structure [framework] [z]

Surface Inflection based on control points along the surface, controlled by sensors through the input of sound and capacity for surface inflection and digital presence for lattice form expansion and contraction.

Rest State [Control]No Presence

Audio Response [Sound Frequency]Based on the capacity of the space as the catalyst for the xyz inflection of the roof structure controlled by the overhead structural armatures.

Capacity [Population]Initial Activation of the surface grid and structure armatures. Parallel system, based in z and x direction of surface (short length).

Capacity + Audio Dynamic xyz inflection of the roof structure based around physical itnerface.

Physical Presence identifying surface inflection where:

I N TO L E R A N C E

V E R Y N O I S Y

LO U D

MOD E R AT E

Q U I E T

P a i n

[150 dB]

[100 dB]

[80 dB]

[60 dB]

[20 dB]

((y-x)/y) * z = surface inflection

x = distance from the surface pick points to the closest retractor point (capacity)

y = reciprocal of the distance (attraction v. retraction) controls inflection within decibel parameters

z = collection of sound intensity information from sensors

Loud ConcertBar in Nightclub

Personal StereoLoud Radio

Personal Conversation

Virtually Silent

[x]

[z]

This localizes the response of form to the nearest pick points and structural armatures based on reaching thresholds of decibel levels.

Deafness

Rest State [Control]No Presence

Audio Response [Sound Frequency]Based on the capacity of the space as the catalyst for the xyz inflection of the roof structure controlled by the overhead structural armatures.

Capacity [Population]Initial Activation of the surface grid and structure armatures. Parallel system, based in z and x direction of surface (short length).

Capacity + Audio Dynamic xyz inflection of the roof structure based around physical itnerface.

010 PORTFOLIO

90

Process Documentation | Final Design Documentation | Thesis Reflection

91

Process Documentation | Final Design Documentation | Thesis Reflection

These visuals convey the potential futures of the system if it were employed in an exurban condition within the urban environment like Columbus Boulevard in Philadelphia.

METAFORUM: PAVILION FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION


The project seeks to continue research into social networks as prevalent urban systems by looking into digital social platforms that are considered to be invisible networks and make them physical.

Twitter is a power social tool for giving and receiving information with minimal dependence on physical infrastructure for its success. I used python and coding tools to gain access to the Twitter API through Rhino. This script stored the information via a JSON file and was geocoded based on each individuals user info. I could enter a key term for the code to search the twitter database and return the results for a given location in real time.

This visual conveys Washington D.C.s twitter and physical landscapes during the historic shutdown of SOPA/PIPA which sought to regulate Internet activity and censorship. The tweets concerning SOPA/PIPA are in yellow and all other tweets in white. The patterns are interesting because there are agglomerations of tweets and re-tweets at college campus, the Capitol building, and various media outlets.

12 PORTFOLIO

VISUALIZINGTWITTERNETWORKS

Cartographic modeling especially within the urban planning realm, is traditional seen as a method to visualize and analyze policy constructs or physical maps through geographic information systems.

GEORGETOWN

Invisible connections can be made by looking at the physical overlay of the digital landscape.

VISUALIZING TWITTER NETWORKS


GEORGE WASHINGTON

CAPITOL

MEDIA HUB

Development of a form reflective of the aesthetic qualities of a sea urchin through principles learned in the course and innovative digital technologies. This formal structure is comprised of many layers that interrelate in structure similar to the skeletal (functional) features of the urchin.

This project encouraged thought into fantastical realms of design and enabled me to think about the theory of architecture and how it might relate to systems thinking in planning.

For example, hair systems in Maya were generated from a map of Philadelphia which was used as the base geometry for this layered structure.

14 PORTFOLIO

FORMALQUALITIES

How can transformation dictate the perception of qualities to reinforce social and cultural norms attributed to beauty?

-Professor Ali Rahim

Overhead view of the structureFORMAL QUALITITES: SEA URCHING


Sectional Perspective

0 500 1,000250 Feet

Georgetown historically existed as an industrial hub for the movement of goods along the Potomac and through to the nations capital. The growth in affluence and wealth is a new concept, it wouldnt be until the mid-1900s that Georgetown would experience a burst of wealthy residents preferring to live outside of the capital in a more town-like setting bordering Georgetown University.

The neighborhood is now the wealthiest areas in D.C. and boasts the highest real estate market in the region. However, this hub of shopping, living, and working is severely lacking in its transit connectivity to the center of Washington.

I chose to evaluate the feasibility of removing the freeway or reevaluating its program for vehicles. Removal is expensive and the freeway itself is in good condition to be re-purposed as a proposed trolley route, one that is already under evaluation by the government for K-Street which runs below the Whitehurst Freeway.

The new intervention includes a pedestrian and bike path to traverse between Rock Creek Park and the C&O Canal.

16 PORTFOLIO

PUBLICREALM

Rethinking the public realm in Washington D.C. Several groups with varied sites look at possible interventions based on the current and projected state of the neighborhoods.

0 500 1,000250 Feet

Floodplain mapping. Note Georgetowns susceptibility to floods at the mouth of Rock Creek where it meets the Potomac River.

PUBLIC REALM: VISUALIZING GEORGETOWN


0 500 1,000250 Feet

18 PORTFOLIO

Green Infrastructure mapping

S i t e C o n t e x t

W H I T E H U R S T : S i t e D e f i n i t i o n

Below Freeway route (K Street)Surface routesUnderpass

M Street

Whitehurst FreewayK Street

M Street

19,420

13,400

6,400

6,600

29,200

20,500

Diagram of vehicular traffic flows along M-Street in Georgetown, K Street and the Whitehurst Freeway, which is currently underused.

Rendering of the Freeway transformed into a multi-use space for both local residents and regional visitors.

PUBLIC REALM: VISUALIZING GEORGETOWN


Seating configuration through parametric modeling

URBAN LAND COVER CHANGE 1999 TO 2000








consumption bubble

Bill Clinton(1993 to 2001)

George W. Bush(2001 to 2009)

Barack Obama(2009 to 2017)

George H.W. Bush(1989 to 1993)

Fishing

Distribution

Manufacturing

Construction

Finance/Services

Public Administration

Energy

housing bubble

UNITED STATES

UN

ITED

STA

TES Declining interest rates and loans from foreign sources

encourage homeownership

Housing of the 2000s are over 1,000 square feet larger than homes in the 1970s

Federal Reserve decreases Federal Fund Rate (6.5% to 1.75%)

Per capita incomes decline until 2009

Subprime loans double

CDOs begin to disrupt the nancial market

President Bush signs the Stimulus Act ($150 bn)

$17.2bn in losses due to decline of housing market

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are taken into government conservation

Stimulus package increases household spending

Merrill LynchLehman Brothersboth le for bankruptcy.

Federal Reserve gives AIG a rescue package to prevent bankruptcy

DIJA falls 1874.2 points (18.2%)

New housing construction is on the decline by 300 units

Completion of new housing construction is at 10,503 units - rst major decrease since 1975.


New residential construction is down more than 50% from August 2007

Foreclosures are down 20% from last quarter

Homeownership increases by 30,000 purchases since rst quarter of last year.

FBI warns of Epidemic in Mortgage Fraud

Fannie and Freddie purchase mass amounts of subprime loans

Foreclosure crisis begins; bubble bursts

Foreclosures increase by 40% from 2005

Bank bailouts begin as institutions le for bankruptcy

DODD Frank Act to enforce transparency and accountability Financial crisis

inquiry commission (FCIC) is created to investigate causes of the nancial crisis

Two large banks sued for failing to review and correct loan les

49 states settle on $25bn foreclosure fraud settlement

Financial Institutions Reform and Recovery Act (1989)

consumption boom

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act repeals Glass Steagal. Prevents the regulation

of over-the-counter derivative contracts includingdefault swaps

Jacques Santer(1995 to 1999)

Romano Prodi(1999 to 2004)

Jose Manuel Barroso(2004 to 2014)

EUROPEAN UNION

Greece joins the EU

EU leaders agree on 200 bn euro stimulus plan

EU orders France, Spain, the Irish Republic and Greece to reduce budget decits

Eurozone setup bailout fund ESM, worth about 500bn

Eurozone jobless rate at new high

Maastrucht Treaty signed to establish the European Union

Euro is agreed upon as new single currency of EU

Introduction of the Euro currency Ocials discover that Greece

falsied budget decit data prior to joining EU

Spain housing prices increase dramatically

Greece owes over 150% of GDP

BNP Paribas (France), Bank Sachsen Landesbank (Germany), Bank of England (UK), Swiss bank (Switz.), and Duetsche Bank (Gemrany) all report billions in loses

EURO

PEAN

UNI

ON

The U.S. and Japan step into currency to support the Euro

Spanish housing bubble bursts, country enters recession

Greeces borrowing cost increases and drives down credit rating

Greek workers begin strikes as the countrys credit rating continues to decline

IMF and the EU provide 110 billion in assistance to Greece

France, Germany, U.K., Sitzerland are majorly exposed to Greeces debt(39.91 bn euros)

Hungry seeks precautionary bailout from the IMF and the EU

Events

Regulation

Events

Regulation

The International Centre for Financial Regulation is created to oversee market shifts

Process of Liberalization Begins - Member Countries begin free interstate trading

Process of Liberalization Ends - the EU 27 is complete

celtic boom [consumer boom]

housing bubble

HOME PRICE INDEX (%)HOUSING STARTS(UNIT #)

% CHANGE IN GDP (PREVIOUS YEAR)

93,419 units

22,464 units

8,277 units

HOME PRICE INDEX (%)




Charles Haughey(1987 to 1992)

Albert Reynolds(1992 to 1994)

John Bruton(1994 to 1997)

Bertie Ahern(1997 to 2008)

Brian Cowen(2008 to 2011)

Enda Kenny(2011 to ?)

IRELAND

Vigds Finnbogadttir(1980 to 1996)

lafur Ragnar Grmsson(1996 to 2014)


housing bubble


DEREGULATION

FINANCIAL EXCESS

COSTS

By analyzing the dynamics underlying all four of these crises it is evident that nancial deregulation (United States, Iceland) and liberalization (European Union, Ireland) was a major cause of the resultant nancial excess, consumption boom, housing bubbles, and economic recessions. Similar to the United States, nancial deregulation and liberalization encouraged the development of new nancial instruments and derivatives and allowed european banks to increase leverage and boost loanable funds, spurring a real estate and consumption boom.

This boom increased scal revenue, decits could remain in line with the Maastricht criteria (except for Greece), even though government expenditures rose rapidly. Wages rose and growth was driven by unrealistically high domestic consumption. Banks realized the nancial benets to complex mortgage and loan structures, and began enabling international investors to take part in subprime loan exchanges.

The global nancial crisis since September 2008 led to a recession in the United States and Europe and triggered the burst of the real estate bubble. Both the recession and the adoption of scal stimulus packages to counteract it as well as the burst of the real estate bubble resulted in a ballooning of scal decits and a massive deterioration of debt indicators that enabled the sovereign debt crisis in the eurozone that began with the Greek crisis in early-2010. The amount of debt that countries accumulated far exceed current GDP numbers. The social costs of the nancial excess are innumerable.

PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN GDP FROM PREVIOUS YEAR

DEREGULATION FINANCIAL EXCESS COSTS

COSTS OF FINANCIAL EXCESS An analysis of the complexities and dynamic relationships in industry, nance and urbanization from the deregulation period in the late 20th century to the nancial downturn and economic uncertainty of the early 21st century.

HOUSING STARTS(UNIT #)

4.446 units

142 unitshousing bubbleconsumption boom

ICELAND

Iceland joins European Economic Arena

US Army abandons Iceland miliary base -- ends 55 year presence in Iceland

Iceland applies for EU citizen-ship

Icelandic government resigns after serious citizen protests

Creation of new Icelandic government

Approve repay-ment bill to Great Britain and Nether-lands for $5 billion

Three largest banks taken over by the government amidst nancial crisis

Private banks allowed by law to enter mortgage market

ICEL

AN

D

Domestic nancing at 2/3 of total nancing

Privatization of banking sector complete

Iceland hit by two earthquakes - signicant damage to infrastructure Citizens rally for new

government

Smaller banks taken over by the government amidst nancial crisis

Iceland ranks as the highest quality of living worldwide

Iceland ranks as the highest quality of living worldwide for the rst time since the survey began in 1988

Industry shift from shing and manufacturing to services

Vehicle sales increase by 19%

Privatization of banking sector begins

Events

Regulation

Government takes over 70% of mortgage defaults

Nordic housing bubble emerges to include Iceland

housing bubbleconsumption boom

Prices of housing continue to fall (51% down from peak)

Real Estate agents in Dublin reported to oer incentives to prospective buyers to avoid lowering sales prices

Government creates a decentralization plan for the civil service

IREL

AN

D IMF reports that Irish property prices were headed for collapse75,000 houses built every year starting in 2000

Inward investment from multinational sector

Ireland joins the Euro

Government begins demolition of housing developments

Enough zoned land to accommodate 460,000 new homes, but with increasing density, the potential number of homes grows Still 2,166 unnished

housing developments

Government agrees to an additional 1.58 billion from the IMF

Irelands credit rating get downgraded to Baa3 (junk)

Ireland receives an additional 1.2 billion to help with the countrys bailout

Accepts loan in an eort to bailout its economy believed to be between 80 and 90 billion and announces new austerity measures

Low corporate taxrate encourages investment

Events

Regulation

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1%

21%

6%

4%

9%

2%

15%

.7%

1%

27%

5%

27%

.3%

25%

5%

27%

9%

27%

6%

20%

6%

22%

7%

21%

3%

10%

7%

14%

.7%

6%

20%

9%

11%

17%

6%

22%

14%

12%

7%

19%

15%

11%

4%

22%

15%

9%

11%

23%

14%

10%

13%

The timelines serve as a method of visualizing not only the economic and policy developments, but also social, political and physical developments from prior to the property bubbles to present day. Focus was placed on Ireland and Iceland, both of which suffered immensely from he situation in the United States and the European Union. Each country responded to the crisis in different ways.

This series of observations and analytics will engage the next phase of the semester, which focuses primarily on Spain. The country over-invested in infrastructure (airports, highways, railroads), cultural institutions and housing on such a drastic scale that most projects have been abandoned both pre and post completion. The private debt supersedes public debt, however public debt is still very high because of government policies for subsidization of both major urban development projects and smaller housing projects.

20 PORTFOLIO

C I T Y T H A T NEVER WAS

The financial crash of 2007 disrupted and potentially ended a long period of urbanization and speculative development in most developed countries around the world, creating an urban and economic crisis.

TH

E









consumption bubble

Bill Clinton(1993 to 2001)

George W. Bush(2001 to 2009)

Barack Obama(2009 to 2017)

George H.W. Bush(1989 to 1993)

Fishing

Distribution

Manufacturing

Construction

Finance/Services

Public Administration

Energy

housing bubble

UNITED STATES

UN

ITED

STA

TES Declining interest rates and loans from foreign sources

encourage homeownership

Housing of the 2000s are over 1,000 square feet larger than homes in the 1970s

Federal Reserve decreases Federal Fund Rate (6.5% to 1.75%)

Per capita incomes decline until 2009

Subprime loans double

CDOs begin to disrupt the nancial market

President Bush signs the Stimulus Act ($150 bn)


Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are taken into government conservation

Stimulus package increases household spending

Merrill LynchLehman Brothersboth le for bankruptcy.

Federal Reserve gives AIG a rescue package to prevent bankruptcy

DIJA falls 1874.2 points (18.2%)

New housing construction is on the decline by 300 units

Completion of new housing construction is at 10,503 units - rst major decrease since 1975.


New residential construction is down more than 50% from August 2007

Foreclosures are down 20% from last quarter

Homeownership increases by 30,000 purchases since rst quarter of last year.

FBI warns of Epidemic in Mortgage Fraud

Fannie and Freddie purchase mass amounts of subprime loans

Foreclosure crisis begins; bubble bursts

Foreclosures increase by 40% from 2005

Bank bailouts begin as institutions le for bankruptcy

DODD Frank Act to enforce transparency and accountability Financial crisis

inquiry commission (FCIC) is created to investigate causes of the nancial crisis

Two large banks sued for failing to review and correct loan les

49 states settle on $25bn foreclosure fraud settlement

Financial Institutions Reform and Recovery Act (1989)

consumption boom

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act repeals Glass Steagal. Prevents the regulation

of over-the-counter derivative contracts includingdefault swaps

Jacques Santer(1995 to 1999)

Romano Prodi(1999 to 2004)

Jose Manuel Barroso(2004 to 2014)

EUROPEAN UNION

Greece joins the EU

EU leaders agree on 200 bn euro stimulus plan

EU orders France, Spain, the Irish Republic and Greece to reduce budget decits

Eurozone setup bailout fund ESM, worth about 500bn

Eurozone jobless rate at new high

Maastrucht Treaty signed to establish the European Union

Euro is agreed upon as new single currency of EU

Introduction of the Euro currency Ocials discover that Greece

falsied budget decit data prior to joining EU

Spain housing prices increase dramatically

Greece owes over 150% of GDP

BNP Paribas (France), Bank Sachsen Landesbank (Germany), Bank of England (UK), Swiss bank (Switz.), and Duetsche Bank (Gemrany) all report billions in loses

EURO

PEAN

UNI

ON

The U.S. and Japan step into currency to support the Euro

Spanish housing bubble bursts, country enters recession

Greeces borrowing cost increases and drives down credit rating

Greek workers begin strikes as the countrys credit rating continues to decline

IMF and the EU provide 110 billion in assistance to Greece

France, Germany, U.K., Sitzerland are majorly exposed to Greeces debt(39.91 bn euros)

Hungry seeks precautionary bailout from the IMF and the EU

Events

Regulation

Events

Regulation

The International Centre for Financial Regulation is created to oversee market shifts

Process of Liberalization Begins - Member Countries begin free interstate trading

Process of Liberalization Ends - the EU 27 is complete

celtic boom [consumer boom]

housing bubble

HOME PRICE INDEX (%)HOUSING STARTS(UNIT #)


93,419 units

22,464 units

8,277 units





Charles Haughey(1987 to 1992)

Albert Reynolds(1992 to 1994)

John Bruton(1994 to 1997)

Bertie Ahern(1997 to 2008)

Brian Cowen(2008 to 2011)

Enda Kenny(2011 to ?)

IRELAND

Vigds Finnbogadttir(1980 to 1996)

lafur Ragnar Grmsson(1996 to 2014)


housing bubble


DEREGULATION

FINANCIAL EXCESS

COSTS

By analyzing the dynamics underlying all four of these crises it is evident that nancial deregulation (United States, Iceland) and liberalization (European Union, Ireland) was a major cause of the resultant nancial excess, consumption boom, housing bubbles, and economic recessions. Similar to the United States, nancial deregulation and liberalization encouraged the development of new nancial instruments and derivatives and allowed european banks to increase leverage and boost loanable funds, spurring a real estate and consumption boom.

This boom increased scal revenue, decits could remain in line with the Maastricht criteria (except for Greece), even though government expenditures rose rapidly. Wages rose and growth was driven by unrealistically high domestic consumption. Banks realized the nancial benets to complex mortgage and loan structures, and began enabling international investors to take part in subprime loan exchanges.

The global nancial crisis since September 2008 led to a recession in the United States and Europe and triggered the burst of the real estate bubble. Both the recession and the adoption of scal stimulus packages to counteract it as well as the burst of the real estate bubble resulted in a ballooning of scal decits and a massive deterioration of debt indicators that enabled the sovereign debt crisis in the eurozone that began with the Greek crisis in early-2010. The amount of debt that countries accumulated far exceed current GDP numbers. The social costs of the nancial excess are innumerable.

PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN GDP FROM PREVIOUS YEAR

DEREGULATION FINANCIAL EXCESS COSTS

COSTS OF FINANCIAL EXCESS An analysis of the complexities and dynamic relationships in industry, nance and urbanization from the deregulation period in the late 20th century to the nancial downturn and economic uncertainty of the early 21st century.

HOUSING STARTS(UNIT #)

4.446 units

142 unitshousing bubbleconsumption boom

ICELAND

Iceland joins European Economic Arena

US Army abandons Iceland miliary base -- ends 55 year presence in Iceland

Iceland applies for EU citizen-ship

Icelandic government resigns after serious citizen protests

Creation of new Icelandic government

Approve repay-ment bill to Great Britain and Nether-lands for $5 billion

Three largest banks taken over by the government amidst nancial crisis

Private banks allowed by law to enter mortgage market

ICEL

AN

D

Domestic nancing at 2/3 of total nancing

Privatization of banking sector complete

Iceland hit by two earthquakes - signicant damage to infrastructure Citizens rally for new

government

Smaller banks taken over by the government amidst nancial crisis

Iceland ranks as the highest quality of living worldwide

Iceland ranks as the highest quality of living worldwide for the rst time since the survey began in 1988

Industry shift from shing and manufacturing to services

Vehicle sales increase by 19%

Privatization of banking sector begins

Events

Regulation

Government takes over 70% of mortgage defaults

Nordic housing bubble emerges to include Iceland

housing bubbleconsumption boom

Prices of housing continue to fall (51% down from peak)

Real Estate agents in Dublin reported to oer incentives to prospective buyers to avoid lowering sales prices

Government creates a decentralization plan for the civil service

IREL

AN

D IMF reports that Irish property prices were headed for collapse75,000 houses built every year starting in 2000

Inward investment from multinational sector

Ireland joins the Euro

Government begins demolition of housing developments

Enough zoned land to accommodate 460,000 new homes, but with increasing density, the potential number of homes grows Still 2,166 unnished

housing developments

Government agrees to an additional 1.58 billion from the IMF

Irelands credit rating get downgraded to Baa3 (junk)

Ireland receives an additional 1.2 billion to help with the countrys bailout

Accepts loan in an eort to bailout its economy believed to be between 80 and 90 billion and announces new austerity measures

Low corporate taxrate encourages investment

Events

Regulation

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 201220102008

1%

21%

6%

4%

9%

2%

15%

.7%

1%

27%

5%

27%

.3%

25%

5%

27%

9%

27%

6%

20%

6%

22%

7%

21%

3%

10%

7%

14%

.7%

6%

20%

9%

11%

17%

6%

22%

14%

12%

7%

19%

15%

11%

4%

22%

15%

9%

11%

23%

14%

10%

13%


20 REV. AUGUST 22, 2012

Zoning Map RevisionsAn Overview

Revisions to the zoning map require legislative action by City Council and the Mayor's approval. The request for a zoning map revision may be initiated by a variety of sources, including City Council, the Planning Commission, or a property owner. In any case, City Council must introduce a zoning map revision ordinance and hold a public hearing. The Planning Commission must review and make a recommendation on the ordinance. The zoning map revision becomes law once the Mayor signs the bill.

Special Procedures for Unique Districts

Master plan districts and neighborhood conservation overlay districts require additional steps in the zoning map revision process.

1) Master Plan DistrictsCertain districts (RMX-1, RMX-2, SP-INS, SP-ENT, SP-STA) are mapped according to a Master Plan. In these cases, a master plan must be approved before a zoning map revision ordinance can become effective. Once the master plan is approved and adopted, any future amendments must be approved by either the Planning Commission or City Council. The Planning Commission is responsible for approving minor amendments (such as swapping one permitted land use with another or deviating slightly from the building, parking, landscaping or open area dimensions indicated on the adopted Master Plan), and City Council is responsible for approving all other amendments. For more information, see 14-304(3)(e) of the Zoning Code.

EVEN THE MOST COMPLEX PROJECTS DESERVE A SIMPLE OVERVIEW

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Please consult Chapter 7!

Zoning Map Revision enacted, if adopted by City Council and signed by the Mayor

City Council hearings on the Ordinance

Council introduces ordinance

Ordinance Initiated

Planning Commission public meeting & recommendation

The Basics of Zoning in Philadelphia

22 REV. AUGUST 22, 2012

START

Submit application and complete

prerequisite plan reviews, if applicable.

Application is Submitted

Advisory recommendation

Once the applicant satises theneighborhood meeting requirement,the Civic Design Review (CDR)Committee convenes up to 2 publicmeetings, which occur on a monthlycycle. e Committee makes anadvisory recommendation to the applicant within 15 days of the last meeting.

45 DAYS (1 mtg)75 DAYS (2 mtgs)

Civic Design Review

*e applicant must notify RCOs within 7 days ofconrmation by L&I that CDR is required.

**Within 45 days of the conrmation date, the Local RCOs and the applicant must each forward awritten summary of the neighborhood meeting toCivic Design Review Committee.

Applicant notiesRegistered

CommunityOrganizations

(RCOs).*

Neighborhood Meetings

Local RCOs convene meeting with Applicant.

Both parties documentmeeting.**

e clock starts on a zoning permit applicationas soon as L&I receives a complete set of application materials and prerequisite approvals. If an applicant has some pending prerequisite approvals, (s)he may submit the available application materials to L&I and L&I will get a head start on reviewing the application. e applicant must forward any outstanding prerequisites to L&I within 30 days of ling the application.

FINISH

L&I Issues ZoningPermit

L&I Reviews Application

ApplicationComplies

L&I reviews the application to verify compliance with the Zoning Code.L&I completes its review within 30 days.

30 DAYS or LESS!

45 DAYS or LESS


Neighborhood Meetings Civic Design Review (up to 2 meetings)

DAY 0

NO

YES

TOTAL PERMIT PROCESSING TIME - CIVIC DESIGN REVIEW NOT REQUIRED

DAY 0 DAY 30


TOTAL PERMIT PROCESSING TIME - CIVIC DESIGN REVIEW REQUIRED (Times shown are maximums)

!

!

! !

! DAY 30!

DAY 120!DAY 45!Zoning Permit Issued

Zoning Permit Issued

!

! Does the Project Require Civic Design Review?

Procedural Step

Advisory Recommendation

Decision

KEY:

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE PERMIT PROCESSING TIME?

By-Right Project

Natalie Shieh of the Office of Commerce and Economic Development and Office of Planning oversaw the development of the document and its release to the public after also heading the zoning committee responsible for drafting the new and improved zoning code for the City of Philadelphia.

The Office of Commerce and Economic Development employed my design skill set and understanding of planning in zoning for the purpose of updating the draft after its first introduction to the Philadelphia City Council and several sub-committees tasked with overseeing the development of the new code.

22 PORTFOLIO

ZONINGADMINISTRATIVE

MANUALWith success dependent on the end-user, the recently released Philadelphia Zoning Code is relying on the legibility and simplicity of the new zoning format. This is one of many methods for relaying the new code to the public.

20 REV. AUGUST 22, 2012

Zoning Map RevisionsAn Overview

Revisions to the zoning map require legislative action by City Council and the Mayor's approval. The request for a zoning map revision may be initiated by a variety of sources, including City Council, the Planning Commission, or a property owner. In any case, City Council must introduce a zoning map revision ordinance and hold a public hearing. The Planning Commission must review and make a recommendation on the ordinance. The zoning map revision becomes law once the Mayor signs the bill.

Special Procedures for Unique Districts

Master plan districts and neighborhood conservation overlay districts require additional steps in the zoning map revision process.

1) Master Plan DistrictsCertain districts (RMX-1, RMX-2, SP-INS, SP-ENT, SP-STA) are mapped according to a Master Plan. In these cases, a master plan must be approved before a zoning map revision ordinance can become effective. Once the master plan is approved and adopted, any future amendments must be approved by either the Planning Commission or City Council. The Planning Commission is responsible for approving minor amendments (such as swapping one permitted land use with another or deviating slightly from the building, parking, landscaping or open area dimensions indicated on the adopted Master Plan), and City Council is responsible for approving all other amendments. For more information, see 14-304(3)(e) of the Zoning Code.

EVEN THE MOST COMPLEX PROJECTS DESERVE A SIMPLE OVERVIEW

FOR MORE INFORMATION

Please consult Chapter 7!

Zoning Map Revision enacted, if adopted by City Council and signed by the Mayor

City Council hearings on the Ordinance

Council introduces ordinance

Ordinance Initiated

Planning Commission public meeting & recommendation


REV. AUGUST 22, 2012 21

Chapter 1

2) Neighborhood Conservation Overlay DistrictsNeighborhood Conservation Overlay Districts (NCO) are initiated via petition signed by a Local Registered Community Organization located within the proposed district or at least 30% of all property owners and homeowners. The Planning Commission reviews the petition at one or more public meetings and drafts design guidelines for the proposed district before City Council considers the zoning map revision ordinance that establishes the NCO district. City Council cannot adopt a zoning map revision ordinance to establishe a NCO district if 51% or more of property owners and homeowners file statements of opposition in writing. For more information, see 14-304(3)(f ) of the Zoning Code.

What is the average zoning permit processing time?The total Start-to-Finish time for the zoning permit approval process depends on the project. At the short end of the spectrum, L&I will review and approve a by-right project within 30 calendar days (although L&I can approve permits for simple projects, such as decks, in as little as one day). At the longer end of the spectrum, the total zoning process can take 210 days to complete, on average, if the project requires Civic Design Review and Zoning Board approval of a special exception or variance.

Pages 22-27 illustrate the zoning permit processing times for by-right and not-by-right projects.


22 REV. AUGUST 22, 2012

START







Civic Design Review





(RCOs).*





FINISH



ApplicationComplies


30 DAYS or LESS!

45 DAYS or LESS



DAY 0

NO

YES


DAY 0 DAY 30



!

!

! !

! DAY 30!



!


Procedural Step


Decision

KEY:

WHAT IS THE AVERAGE PERMIT PROCESSING TIME?

By-Right Project

REV. AUGUST 22, 2012 23

START







Civic Design Review





(RCOs).*





FINISH



ApplicationComplies


30 DAYS or LESS!

45 DAYS or LESS



DAY 0

NO

YES


DAY 0 DAY 30



!

!

! !

! DAY 30!



!


Procedural Step


Decision

KEY:

Chapter 1

Responsible for post-production formatting, alignment, graphic & text edits

ZONING ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL: A USER FRIENDLY GUIDE TO THE NEW PHILADELPHIA CODE


WASTEWATER

WATER

STREET LIGHTING

TRAFFIC

PARKS/ REC

POLICEPRISONS

PUBLIC PROPERTY

STREETS

MUSEUMS

CITY COMMISSION

COURTS

DOT

LIBRARY

HUMAN SERVICES

FIRE

FLEET

HEALTH

PNE AIRPORT

PHL AIRPORT

OTHER

WATER

AVIATION

GENERALSTREETS

The city of Philadelphia is on its way to becoming the greenest city in America through both legislative measures and major governmental and community projects. The Greenworks Plan, developed by the Mayors Office of Sustainability is based on the idea of a critical mass of many governmental entities, neighborhood organizations, businesses, and individuals.

My role as the Architectural and Engineering intern was to identify sustainability analytics specific to energy and to migrate that information to the EPAs Portfolio Manager for future reporting. I also was tasked with several visualization efforts to engage city officials and the public and enable a better understanding of the cities energy usage.

This benchmarking information will be released to the public int he summer of 2013 prior to the October deadline for all large scale commercial buildings reporting.

24 PORTFOLIO

PHILADELPHIAENERGYBENCHMARKING

Bill No. 120428-A: All commercial buildings over 50,000 sq ft are required to publicly report on energy use starting October 2013. The city is voluntarily reporting on all buildings over 10,000 sq ft to be released this summer.

WASTEWATER

WATER

STREET LIGHTING

TRAFFIC

PARKS/ REC

POLICEPRISONS

PUBLIC PROPERTY

STREETS

MUSEUMS

CITY COMMISSION

COURTS

DOT

LIBRARY

HUMAN SERVICES

FIRE

FLEET

HEALTH

PNE AIRPORT

PHL AIRPORT

OTHER

WATER

AVIATION

GENERALSTREETS

Visualization for the city conveying important metrics of energy use. [This visual represents one day of energy output and is not representative of the cities energy usage over a period of a month or a year - for the purposes of the portfolio]

PHILADELPHIA ENERGY BENCHMARKING: ENERGY USAGE [in mmbtu] (2012)


2013 portfolio

Documents

city of philadelphia

design process

city council

architecture school

planning intern

cityowned buildings

finalized planning

philadelphia university