2012 lecture on community led sanitation
TRANSCRIPT
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Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) and Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) Empowerment through ParticipationDPU Lecture – 27th Nov, 2012Mansoor Ali
Pre-lecture discussion;Asking a question vs order an actionConventional approachOutcome of conventional approachWho defines the problem & its causes
Why 2.5 billion people do not have access to improved sanitation?
Both OPP and CLTS defined the problem in a certain way; Lack of participation; lack of ownership; capabilities of the poor; affordability to pay; ability to operate and maintain
CLTS and OPP Framing of the problem Building on or creating demand Expensive conventional technologies Support and organisation is important Waiting for government and donors Do not understand health impact
CLTS – Key Features Key - triggering through shame – talk shit Focus on natural local leaders No upfront subsidy for material etc. Villagers take the collective responsibility Entire village becomes “Open Defecation
Free (ODF)” People decide technologies and standards Possible reward after ODF declaration Village to village replication
How CLTS is different from conventional approaches?
Conventional Approach; •Starts with data, planning and design• Technical designs and costing set the pathway for the action• Government role and regulation are important• Operation and maintenance is planned• Up-front subsidies are part of investment• Large investments needed
CLTS Approach •Starts with the addressing the change in attitude with triggering • Community takes the responsibility and design themselves• Community processes are more important• Community will do this themselves• Subsidies are discouraged• Small investments needed
OPP – Key Features Motivational meeting in the community Lane organisation and lane manager Technical support; plan, designs, cost
estimate, supervision, tools and shuttering
No subsidy and no reward Lane group collect and manage money Lobby for government support Health, education and loans available A demonstration area/ physical model
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Technology DifferencesOPP low cost lane sewers with a septic tankCLTS – mainly on-site with community deciding the standards
People behind CLTS and OPP
Kamal KarRobert ChamberLyla Mehta
Akhtar Hameed KhanArif HasanPerveen Rahman
Sources of Further Information
IDS, University of SussexOrangi Pilot ProjectAkhtar Hameed Khan TrustWater and Sanitation Programme (WSPUNICEFBook; Shit MattterBooks; Various by Arif Hasan
Choose your debate
Debate 1; CLTS allows people to choose technologies and standards, although this empowers them, but end-up with very poor quality toilets – so no long term health impact? Agree, disagree, continue or change
Choose your debate
Debate 2; OPP only transfers wastewater (the problem) from lanes to large drains elsewhere, although this systems empowers people but creates problems for others? Agree, disagree, continue or change
Political Context or Structural Causes of Not Empowering Citizens to Improve their Sanitation
Habits and taboosLand and its ownershipInvestments CorruptionTechnology divideEmptying of pitsTreatment plants
The Politics of Sewerage and On-Site Sanitation in Cities
The Politics of Investments
The Nature of Institutions
Sustaining Empowerment without Institutional/ Political Change
Power and AuthorityReasons for their FormationExpectations from themOut-dated Institutional Models
