2012 introduction to agriculture_students

7/29/2019 2012 Introduction to Agriculture_students

1/24

THE HUMANENVIRONMENT

Agriculture


2/24

LEARNING OUTCOMES

You Will Learn:

What is agriculture

Classification of agriculture according to purpose,

output and location

Agriculture as a system

Interactions within an agricultural system


3/24

Our food comes from both localand overseas sources


4/24

Where are our farms are located?


5/24

Lim Chu Kang

Egs of farms in thisarea

1. Aeroponic vegetable

2. Vegetable farms

3. Egg farm4. Goat farm ( Hay

Dairy Farm )

5. Fish farms

6. Orchid farm

Source:http://www.ava.gov.sg/AgricultureFisheriesSector/FarmingInSingapore/AgroTechParks/AgrotechnologyParksMap.htm


6/24


7/24

Murray Darling basin -Australia's major food bowl

Sheep rearing

Grape growing

Cotton farming


8/24

Irrawaddy River and Rice Fields, Myanmar


9/24

WHAT IS AGRICULTURE?

Agriculture consists of the growing of crops andrearing of animals.

In addition to providing food, agriculture can

provide raw materials or natural resources that

can be used to manufacture products.

Harvested grapes areused as arawmaterial for products

like wine.


10/24

CONVERTING RAW MATERIALS INTO FINISHED PRODUCTS

An Egyptian wooden model of beer making in

ancient Egypt.

Fermenting barley to produce beer in ancient

Egypt


11/24

PROCESSING OF RAW MATERIALS-FROM WHEAT TO FLOUR WHICH IS

USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD

Modern flour mill

Wheat


12/24

The output of a farm may be used as an

input in another system


13/24

TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION

Farming ( agricultural ) types can becategorised as

- Subsistence / Commercial (purpose)

- Arable / Pastoral / Mixed (output)

- Shifting / Sedentary (location)


14/24

CLASSIFICATIONOFAGRICULTURE ( OUTPUT)

Arable farming is the growing ofcrops.

Pastoral farming is the rearing of

livestock egs cattle, pigs and sheep.

Mixed farming is the growing of crops

and the rearing of animals together.


15/24

Subsistence farmingo the cultivation of crops and / rearing of

livestock by farmers for their own use.o Extra output may be sold to earn some

money or exchanged for other products

Commercial farmingo The cultivation of crops and/rearing of

livestock for a profit.

CLASSIFICATIONOFAGRICULTURE ( PURPOSE)


16/24

Shifting agriculture

Farmers move to a new plot of land from time totime to grow crops or to look for water andpasture for their livestock.

Nomadic herding and shifting cultivation aretypes of shifting agriculture.

Sedentary agriculture

Farmers remain in one place to grow their

crops or to rear their animals.

CLASSIFICATIONOFAGRICULTURE (LOCATION)


17/24

Nomadic herding

A group of nomadic herdersride horses, leading theircamel herd across a plain tobetter grazing land in ruralMongolia.


18/24

SHIFTINGCULTIVATION-

A TYPE OF

SHIFTING

AGRICULTURE

Pask, R., Clarke, M.C., Lee N.E.S.(2007) The Blue Marble 2.Singapore: Pearson EducationSout Asia Pte Ltd


19/24

IN SUMMARY

Agriculture

Purpose Output Location

Commercial

Arable

Pastoral

Mixed farming Shifting

Sedentary

Can be classified according to

Subsistence


20/24

ISAGRICULTUREASYSTEM?

Yes, agriculture can be organized as a

system.

In an agricultural system or a type of

farming, there are inputs,processesand outputs.


21/24

WETRICECULTIVATIONASASYSTEM

w

InputsPhysicalTemperatureRainfallLandHumanSeeds (fromprevious harvest)AnimalsFertilisersFarm equipmentegs ploughs &machinesWorkers

ProcessesEgsPloughing thelandSowing seedsTransplantingseedlingsWatering thecropsFertilising the

soilHarvesting thecrops

OutputsFarmproduce ierice grains


22/24

SOME EXAMPLES OF INTERACTION IN A

FARMING SYSTEM

Soil type determines the type of crops grown eg wet

rice needs soil that retains water but coconuts

require sandy soil.

Cultivation cycle is influenced by the rainfall

distribution & river floods eg ancient Egyptians carry

out farming from October to February after the Nile

floods. (Jun to Sept)


23/24

CONCLUSION

The type of farming develops as a result ofinteractions between people and their

environment ( physical/ human).

(i) Climate (physical) determines largely the type

of crops that farmers can grow in an area.( True in most countries)

(ii) Physical limitations eg land area of a country

can determine the characteristic of farms

eg land shortage small farm and use of

advanced technology to maximise output in a small

farm


24/24

CONCLUSION

The type of farming develops as a result ofinteractions between people and their

environment ( physical/human).

(i) Human factors eg lack of workers- may result

in farmers turning to advanced technology &automation

2012 introduction to agriculture_students

Documents