2012 ieee green energy conference csulb...electric drive and energy storage to provide the...
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2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB ©
Integrated Electric and Hybrid Components powering clean mobility and energy conservation
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 2
US Hybrid Corporation
HQ: Torrance, CA
Year Established: 1999
Founded by: Management:
Gordon Abas Goodarzi, Ph.D., P.E. Chairman, CEO
Core Competency:
Advanced Motors and Power Converters, for Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles.
Magmotor Corporation
Year Established:
1876, (Acquired US Hybrid in 2008)
Founded by: Management:
Kendrick and Davis Gordon Abas Goodarzi, Ph.D., P.E.
Chairman, CEO
Core Competency:
Servo Motors and Drives Electro-Hydraulic Pump Systems
MagLev System for RTP Silicon Fabrication
US Hybrid Group
Torrance, CA
www.ushybrid.com Honolulu, HI Worcester, MA
www.magmotor.com
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 3
Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Category Light Light Light Medium Medium Medium Heavy Heavy
Weight
Range (GVWR)
<6,000 6,001-
10,000
10,000-
14,000
14,001-
16,000
16,001-
19,500
19,501-26,000
26,001-33,000
>33,000
Examples
Medium Conventional
Furniture
Refuse
City Transit Bus
Cement
COE Sleeper
Dump
Heavy Conventional
Rack
School Bus
Single-axle Van
Beverage
Large Walk-in
City Delivery
Bucket City Delivery
Conventional Van
Large Walk-in Walk-in
City Delivery
Conventional Van
Utility Van
Minivan
Step Van
Full-size Pickup
Minivan
Full-size Pickup
Multi-purpose
Utility Van
Note: GVWR is Gross Vehicle Rate Weighting
US Hybrid Business focus is Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicles
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 4
Corporate Focus; Special Purpose Vehicles
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB ©
GVWR=910 kg (2000 lb)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
10 20 30 40 50 70
Ene
rgy
(kW
h)
Speed (mph)
Drag Rolling
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
UDDS US06 J45
59% 42% 54%
Ene
rgy
(kW
h)
Stop/Go (Traffic) Constant0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 20 40 60 80
mp
g
Speed (mph)
mpg
5
Transportation Engineering; How is the Energy used
Compact Car
More than 50% of energy is wasted due to traffic
For city /traffic driving most of energy consumption is due to
rolling resistance (Weight)
32 kph 20 mph
80 kph 50 mph
23 kph 14 mph
Drive Cycle: Ave Speed:
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB ©
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
UDDS US06 J45
59% 47% 57%
Ene
rgy
(kW
h)
Drive Cycle: Ave Speed:
Stop/Go (Traffic) Constant
GVWR=1800 kg (4000 lb)
32 kph 20 mph
80 kph 50 mph
23 kph 14 mph
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
10 20 30 40 50 70
Ene
rgy
(kW
h)
Speed (mph)
Drag Rolling
For city /traffic driving most of energy consumption is due to
rolling resistance (Weight)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80
mp
g
Speed (mph)
mpg
6
Transportation Engineering; Medium Size SUV
More than 50% of energy is wasted due to traffic
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 7
Transportation Engineering; Drayage Truck (Driving in South Bay)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
UDDS 10 mph 20 mph 40 mph 60 mph
Regular Ramp
Ene
rgy
(kW
h)
Drive Cycle
Drag
Acceleration
Rolling
GVWR=36300 kg
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 8
Transportation Engineering; Energy Utilization per category
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UCR 5 mph 10 mph 15 mph
Regular Ramp
Ene
rgy
(kW
h)
Drive Cycle
Braking
Drag
Acceleration
Rolling
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 9
Transportation Engineering & Economy Land Transportation: Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 10
050
100150200250300350400450
S300C S-76 H-60 S-92 MH-92 CH-53E Boeing 777 RV-7 Europa XS
Helicopters Jets Small Propellers
Peak Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Emma Mærsk RMS Queen Mary 2 Oasis class
Container Ship Cruise Ship
Transportation Engineering & Economy Ocean Transportation: Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 11
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
S300C S-76 H-60 S-92 MH-92 CH-53E Boeing 777 RV-7 Europa XS
Helicopters Jets Small Propellers
Transportation Engineering & Economy Aviation Transportation: Power (peak) to Weight ratio (kW/ton)
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 12
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
S30
0C
S-7
6
H-6
0
S-9
2
MH
-92
CH
-53
E
Bo
ein
g 7
77
RV
-7
Euro
pa
XS
Siem
ens
Vel
aro
ICE
3
Vo
lvo
FH
Ch
evro
let
Tah
oe
Au
di A
4
Emm
a M
ærs
k
RM
S Q
uee
n M
ary
2
Oas
is c
lass
Helicopters Jets Small Propellers Train Auto Container Ship Cruise Ship
Peak Power to Weight ratio (kW/ton)
Transportation Engineering & Economy
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 13
Transportation Engineering & Economy Fuel Economy per kilometer per ton [liter/km/ton]
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Sedan SUV Truck Train Commercial Jet Container ship Cruise Ship
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Comparable Fuel Energy Density
Diesel; ASTM #1, 37.1 kwh/gal (15.16 kWh/kg, Engine Output: 4500 Whr/kg) ASTM #2, 38.1 kwh/gal (15.57 kWh/kg)
Gasoline; 32.9 kWh/gal, (11.8 kWh/Kg, Engine Output: 2800 Whr/kg)
Hydrogen; 39.7 kWh/kg, (1kg H2 =11 gal @5000 psi, or 11 gal @5000psi tank is same as 2 gal of diesel fuel) Energy Density: 22kg weight/kg-H2, Total Energy Density Output per kg: 721 Whr/kg
Mixed Fuels; Ethanol(E100) = 22.1 kWh/gal, (M85) 85% Methanol, 15% Gasoline = 18.6 kWh/gal
Energy Storage Devices have much lower energy density: Ultra Capacitors 0.004 kWh/kg, (4000:1) compared to diesel Lead Acid 0.025 kWh/Kg (600:1) compared to diesel NiMh 0.06 kWh/Kg (250:1) compared to diesel Li-Ion 0.10 kWh/Kg (156:1) compared to diesel
1 Gallon of fuel has same net energy as 156 Kg of Li type Battery at 100% SOC
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Mechanical power
Electric power
Trans. Engine
Conventional PowerTrain
Parallel/dual mode hybrid
Battery CEU
Engine Trans.
Electric Vehicle
Battery CEU
Post-transmission parallel hybrid
CEU Battery
Trans. Engine
Diesel Electric Series Hybrid
GCU
Battery CEU
Engine
15
Hybrid System Configurations Options
Trans. Engine
Hydraulic Hybrid
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Hybrid Vehicle Systems Science is all about
Engine control and Optimization
(Energy Generation Vs. Energy Storage)
Hybrid Systems Control Fundamental
Hybrids System Three fundamentals for Fuel Saving
and emission reduction:
1. Down Size engine with optimum Operation Strategy
2. Eliminate the idle operation and reduce transients. Electric Drive and Energy Storage to Provide the power/energy
for acceleration and deceleration.
3. Re-Gen Control to recover Energy During Breaking. Electric Motor to recover regen energy and Energy Storage to
store the energy for next acceleration.
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB © 17
Engine Thermal Efficiency Fundamental
Points A and C have the same power:
Point C has lower BSFC and higher efficiency:
For the same Power;
Operation B is 30% more efficient than A, Hybrid System should operate more at B and less at A
PC=PA
hC > hA
A: 280 g/kWh C: 216 g/kWh
BSFCC < BSFCA
Iso-power Contour (kW)
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC, g/kWh)
A
C
B
B: 194 g/kWh
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Parallel Hybrid Engine Operation Power Profile
Power provided by Electric Motor (Yellow Area)
Regen
Power provided by Engine (Red Area)
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Series Hybrid Engine Operation Power Profile
Electric Drive Engine
Generator
2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB ©
Green Technology is Energy Efficiency and Conservation
Thank you!