2011 United History End of Course Test

Review

Created by Francis LegagneurModel Teacher Leader Social Studies

EOCT PREPTable of Content

Domain 1: Colonization through ConstitutionDomain 2: New Republic through ReconstructionDomain 3: Industrialization, Reform, and ImperialismDomain 4: Establishment as a World PowerDomain 5: Modern Era

Domain 1:Colonization to Constitution

Jamestown

• The first permanent English settlement in North America, started as a business venture to sell raw materials back to England

• Tobacco- this cash crop saved Jamestown and made the colony of Virginia wealthy. Tabaco cultivation was labor intensive and made the Virginia agricultural economy dependent on slavery.

House of Burgesses• The first legislative

assembly in North America, it represents the first form of self-government in the colonies.

Powhatan• Native Americans who lived

for centuries in Virginia.

• English colonist forced them from their land and used it for Tobacco growing.

• These actions led many Powhatan’s to flee Virginia and established bad relations between colonists and Native Americans

Bacon’s Rebellion• A revolt by the poor

English colonist and slaves against the wealthy in Jamestown.

• The rebels wanted better protection and action taken against the Native Americans so poorer colonists could have Native American land.

Development of Slavery

• Begun in 1619 in the colony of Virginia to replace indentured servants

• African slaves are thought to be better equipped to handle the work and heat of the plantation system

• Part of the Columbian Exchange

New England Colonies• Established by the Puritans

to escape religious persecution in England

• Religion- Puritans did not tolerate religions that did not follow their teachings.

• In 1686 the entire region was combined into one colony because the King believed they were not following Parliament, becomes the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Rhode Island and the Salem Witch

Trials• Roger Williams- founder

of Rhode Island, he founds colony under the ideas of religious freedom and peaceful relations with Native Americans

• Salem Witch Trials- caused by the oppression of women, and hardline Puritan views on the world, over 25 people are killed or jailed for witchcraft without any proof.

King Phillip’s War• Led by Metacom (King

Phillip), Native Americans attack the Puritans over the loss of their land

• Brutal war with massacres on both sides

• This ended Native American control of New England

Half-Way Covenant• This provided half-way

membership in the Puritan church to the children of church members

• Church leaders hoped this would get more of the children to join the Puritan church

Town Hall Meetings

• Mainly in New England in small towns

• White males 21 and over who owned property voted on political issues for each town

• Helps form the idea of political representation in the colonies

Mid-Atlantic Colonies• Originally not a part of the

English colonies

• Controlled by the Dutch

• Separated the English Northern and Southern colonies

New York• Originally settled by the

Dutch and called New Amsterdam

• England takes this colony without a single shot and renames it New York

• New York became the center for trade in the America’s.

Pennsylvania• Founded by William Penn a

Quaker

• This colony was tolerant of all religions

• The colony of Delaware will split from Pennsylvania

Quebec• Founded by the French,

claims all of inner North America west of the colonies

• Leads to the founding of New Orleans and the territory of Louisiana

• French have better relations with Native Americans

Mercantilism• Is the economic theory

that a mother country needs large supplies of silver and gold to be rich.

• Gold/Silver- acquired by selling manufactured goods.

• Colonies in mercantilism provided raw materials for manufacturing and bought the finished products.

The Columbian Exchange

• The large scale exchange of plants, people, diseases, and animals between the Old World and the New World

• Sometimes referred to as the Triangle Trade.

Middle Passage/African Culture

• The 90-120 day voyage African slaves endured from Africa to the America’s.

• Millions died from disease and starvation during the voyage

• African dance and music maintained under slavery, differing cultures blend together in the America’s

The Great Awakening• Great Awakening-

religious movement of the 1730’s and 1740’s. It is different because of its passion.

• Begun as an attack on the Puritan Church, challenges all religious authority

French and Indian War

• War between France and Great Britain over the control of North America, Britain wins

• This war bankrupted Great Britain, they need money to pay for it, TAXES

• They believed the colonists should pay for it since it was over the colonies in North America

Proclamation of 1763• Law passed that banned

colonists from moving west beyond the Appalachian Mountains

• Passed to prevent further wars with Native Americans

• This angered colonists and is one reason for the American Revolution

Stamp Act• A tax on all printed

materials passed by Great Britain they need this symbol to show they paid the tax

• Passed to help pay for the French-Indian War

Sons of Liberty• This group of Patriots was

formed in 1765 and urged colonial resistance to the Stamp Act using any means available… even violence.

• Committees of Correspondence- formed to resist the new taxes passed by Great Britain

Boston Tea Party• Colonists dumped tons

of tea into Boston Harbor to protest the Stamp Act

Intolerable Acts• A series of laws passed

to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party

• This led to increased anger against Britain and the First Continental Congress

Thomas Paine• Wrote Common Sense, an

argument that said it just made common sense for the colonists to revolt against King George

John Locke• He believed in natural

rights- “life, liberty, and property”

• He influenced Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence

Montesquieu

• He believed in the idea that government should have three parts- Legislative, Executive, and Judicial

• His writings influenced the writing of the Constitution and creation of the United States government

Declaration of Independence

• Written primarily by Thomas Jefferson, he was influenced by John Locke’s ideas (natural rights) in 1776

• It declares the reasons why the colonists will revolt and invokes the ideas of Social Contract.

Benjamin Franklin• He represents the idea of

social mobility (you can start poor and become rich or important) in America

• He becomes the ambassador to France during the American Revolution and convinces them to support the colonists during the war

• American Statesman/signed the Constitution/Founding Father

The American Revolution• This was the first successful

colonial independence movement against a European power, England 1775-1783.

• Great Britain vs. American colonies

George Washington• Commander of the

Continental Army

• His leadership skills held the army together during the war

• Started a training program to turn the colonial militia into the Continental Army (professional).

Marquis de Lafayette• French soldier and friend

of Washington

• He trained the soldiers at Valley Forge turning them into a well trained fighting force

• He helped Washington beat the British at Yorktown

Valley Forge• Washington led his

troops here for the Winter of 1777, becomes a symbol of sacrifice for a cause

• The Continental Army under Lafayette train and emerge stronger and better prepared to fight the British

Crossing the Delaware

• Turning point of the American Revolution, Washington leads his men on a surprise attack of the Hessian soldiers

• Washington wins at Trenton and Princeton, boosted the morale of the colonists fighting in the Revolution

Lord Cornwallis• Leader of the British

forces during the American Revolution

• He will surrender to Washington after the Battle of Yorktown

Battle of Yorktown• Final battle of the

American Revolution, French and American forces trapped the British with no where to run

• Treaty of Paris 1783- This officially ended the American Revolution and gave the United States territory all the way to the Mississippi River.

Articles of Confederation• First constitution of the United

States

• Weakness- didn’t have a legislative or executive branch of government, represented the colonists fear of a strong national government

• National Government could not- tax, regulate commerce, or print money

Northwest Ordinance• This provided an organized

way for a territory to become a state

• The one successful item accomplished under the Articles of Confederation

Shays’ Rebellion• Uprising of farmers in

Massachusetts in 1786, feared losing land due to taxes

• Showed the weakness of the federal government without the ability to tax it couldn’t fix the economy

• Led to the calling of the Constitutional Convention

Constitutional Convention

• Held at Independence Hall in Philadelphia,1787.

• Goal- create a plan for a more powerful national government and revise the Articles of Confederation.

• Outcome wrote the Constitution

Great Compromise

• This deal used parts of Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan

• Created bicameral Congress with one house based on population (House of Representatives) and one giving equal representation to every state (Senate).

Slavery and the Constitution

• Three-Fifths Compromise- agreement to count slaves as 3/5 a white person for representation in the government

• Slavery was allowed o continue under the Constitution for 20 more years

Checks and Balances

Federalist Papers• Written by Alexander

Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

• They argued that a strong government was needed to protect the Union

Anti-Federalist

• They opposed the adoption of the Constitution without a Bill of Rights to protect the freedoms of Americans against the federal government.

Bill of Rights• The first ten amendments

of the Constitution

• These amendments guarantee the rights of individuals and protects those rights from the government

Washington’s Presidency• Did not run for a third term

setting the two term precedence

• Developed the cabinet as advisors to the President

• Washington’s Farewell address warned Americans against:

1. Getting involved in foreign wars sets our neutrality foreign policy

2. Political parties3. Permanent Alliances sets our

isolationism foreign policy4. Sectionalism

Whiskey Rebellion• Government passes

excise tax on Whiskey

• Farmers in Pennsylvania hurt by the tax, refuse to pay

• Washington sends in the militia to end the rebellion

• Shows the power of the government under the Constitution

Development of Political Parties

• Alexander Hamilton wants a strong central government; but Thomas Jefferson believes the federal government should be limited

• Two parties develop under those ideas:

1. Hamilton and the Federalists

2. Jefferson and the Democrat-Republic Party

Domain 2:New Republic through

Reconstruction

Louisiana Purchase

• Bought under Thomas Jefferson from France for 15 million;

• Went against Jefferson’s belief in the power of the federal government

Lewis and Clark Expedition

• Sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase to discover what the U.S. bought

• They mapped the territory to the Pacific Ocean including its peoples, cultures, and animals

War of 1812• Causes-

1. Britain prevented U.S. trade with France.2. British ships captured American ships and forced their sailors to serve in the British navy3. Britain was giving aid to Native Americans to help them fight Americans4. The U.S. wanted to drive out Britain from North America completely

War of 1812• Results-

1. Americans became more nationalistic after the war2. End of British/American hostilities3. Sectionalism develops as the South and West fight but the North refuses.4. Andrew Jackson becomes a national hero after the Battle of New Orleans

Erie Canal• It revolutionized trade by

allowing farmers in the Mid-West a chance to ship goods to major eastern cities and manufactured goods from the east to new western territories

• It helped with the economic and industrial development in America

Monroe Doctrine• The doctrine stated that

the U.S. would not interfere with European affairs, but that Europeans were not allowed to interfere with politics in the America’s.

• Any hostile acts by a European country would be considered a hostile act by the United States

Eli Whitney• Inventor of the

interchangeable parts, this revolutionized the manufacturing industry in the North .

• The Cotton Gin made cotton a profitable crop and revived the system of slavery in the South.

Westward Migration

1. Desire by Americans to own their own land2. Discovery of gold and silver3. Belief in Manifest Destiny

Manifest Destiny• The belief that America

should stretch from coast (Atlantic Ocean) to coast (Pacific Ocean).

• “From sea to shining sea”

Jacksonian Democracy• Political Culture- this

marked the beginning of political campaigns(songs, pamphlets, buttons, slander) on a national level

• Nationalism- Jacksonian followers were strong believers in Manifest Destiny and the need to push Native Americans off valuable land.

Jacksonian Democracy• During this time the power of the presidency is

increased under President Andrew Jackson

• President Andrew Jackson ran for office under the title of “common man”

• “Universal Manhood Suffrage”- granted all white males the right to vote regardless of religion, property or income

• Jackson appointed his “Kitchen cabinet”, or followers loyal to him in key government positions

Nullification Crisis• Issue- High tariffs passed by Congress on imported

European goods angers the South1. John C. Calhoun- argues that states have the right to nullify any federal law they oppose. STATE RIGHTS over FEDERAL LAWS2. South Carolina- threatens to succeed

due to the tariff

• Results- Andrew Jackson gets Congressional approval to use the military to crush South Carolina.

1. Jackson argues this is treason and threatens S.C. with military action

2. Calhoun negotiates a reduction of the tariff to ease tensions

Seneca Falls Conference• In 1848, the first ever

women’s rights conference was held to address equality.

• Declaration of Sentiments- declares the need for full rights as citizens and the right to vote.

• The beginning of the Women’s Rights Movement in America

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton a member of the convention

Temperance Movement

• Issue- People should drink less or alcohol should be outlawed altogether.

• Impact- Women played a major role, this laid the foundation for the future Women’s Rights Movement

Abolitionist Movement• Issue- Slavery should be

abolished and should not be allowed in new states.

• Impact- Made slavery and its expansion an important political issue. Women also played a major role in this movement.

William Lloyd Garrison• Founder of the Liberator

newspaper, and a key member of the abolitionist movement

• He printed graphic stories on how slaves were treated

Frederick Douglass• A former slave who

escaped from the south, he worked for Garrison on the Liberator and would go on to found the North Star, abolitionist newspaper.

• His speeches on Abolitionism, Women’s Rights, and Native Americans made him a famous fighter for equal rights in the United States

Grimke Sisters• Supporters of William

Lloyd Garrison and the abolitionist movement

• They were active members in the Women’s Rights Movement and the Abolitionist Movement

• Attended Seneca Falls Conference

Public School Movement

• Issue- All students should be required to attend free schools supported by taxpayers and staffed by trained teachers.

• Impact- Established education as a right for all children and became a state issue

Missouri Compromise of 1820

• Issue- The state wanted to enter the Union as a pro-slavery state. Upsetting the balance in favor of pro-slavery states to the South.

• Compromise- 1. Maine will be allowed in as a free state with

Missouri (MAINTAIN THE BALANCE IN THE SENATE)

2. Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’ in the Louisiana Purchase Territory

3. Settled the argument of slavery for 30 years

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Mexican-American War

• Begins when the U.S. annexes Texas

• The U.S. occupies most of northern Mexico

• Territory Gained- California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada

• Wilmot Proviso- proposed that California and New Mexico be free states, never passed

Compromise of 1850The Compromise-

a. California enters the Union as a Free State

b. Divide the new territories into: New Mexico and Utah and let the people vote on the issue of slavery

c. Ban slave trade in Washington D.C. but allow white slave owners in the city to keep their slaves

d. Fugitive Slave Law

Kansas-Nebraska Act• This proposed that the territory of Nebraska be

divided into Kansas and Nebraska and grant the people of those new states popular sovereignty.

• Pandora’s Box opened with the Kansas-Nebraska Act1. New Opportunities- Both the territories are north of 36,30’ giving southern slave owners the chance to expand slavery into an area previously off limits

2. Voided- The Missouri Compromise and reopened the argument about the expansion of slavery.

3. New Parties- Whole new parties emerge as a direct result with their whole purpose to stop the spread of slavery

Bleeding Kansas• The Cause- Kansas was settled by anti-slavery

farmers but slave owners in Missouri rushed in people to win control of the state for slavery.

• The Free-Soilers then paid for the resettlement of

antislavery settlers from the Northeast to Kansas.

Dredd Scott Decision• The Case- Dredd Scott a slave in

Missouri is taken to Wisconsin a free state to live for two years. Believing his time in Wisconsin made him free he sues for his freedom.

• Decision- The Supreme Court rules that no African-American even free has the right to US citizenship. Slaves were property not people

• Congress has no legal right to regulate slavery in the United States

Fallout from the Dredd Scott Decision

• North- upset with the allowance of slavery in their states.

• Abolitionists- call for Northern states to ignore the decision

• South- delighted, proof they were right about slavery

• Republican Party- declare that if their presidential candidate is elected will appoint a new Supreme Court to overturn this case

John Brown• He advocated the use of

violence to end slavery

• Harpers Ferry- He led a group of whites and blacks; seizing weapons in his plan to arm slaves for a violent uprising

• He was caught and hung for treason, considered a terrorists by Southerners, a martyr by abolitionists

Abraham Lincoln• South- warns that if Lincoln

wins the election of 1860 they will succeed.

• Fort Sumter, South Carolina- Attacked by Confederate forces in April, 1861 setting off the Civil War

• He believed the preservation of the Union was more important than anything else

Lincoln Suspends Rights

• Problems in the North- there were people opposed to the war and draft who caused riots and criticized Lincoln for leading the country into a Civil War

• Suspension of Habeas Corpus- Habeas corpus protects people from being jailed without reason. Lincoln suspended this right under Martial Law and had the army arrest anyone he felt was against the Union

Jefferson Davis• President of the

Confederate States of America during the Civil War

• Staunch believer in slavery and state’s rights

Advantages going into the War• North-

o Military: North had 22 million people to the South’s 5.5 million free men. North also had control of the Navy which let it control the rivers and trade.

o Economic: controlled the banking and money in the country. Almost all the railroads, factories and food farms in the North.

o Political: Strong central government with experienced leaders

• South-o Military: Defensive war and

knowledge of their own area. Experienced generals and high troop morale

o Economic: Hope that the demand for cotton would bring foreign aid and support.

o Political: Problem was the south wanted state’s rights but needed a strong central government to win the war. This led to bitter infighting and division during the war.

General Ulysses S. Grant

• Grant- will eventually lead all Union forces

• Vicksburg- Grant takes this city cutting the Confederacy in half, crippling their ability to fight

• Grant’s Strategy- Bleed the South dry of men, keep attacking them because the Confederacy doesn’t have the same resources as the North

General Robert E. Lee• Role- Lead general for the

Confederacy, he led them to victories when all seemed impossible

• Battles- He fought in Antietam, Gettysburg, Bull Run

• Surrender- Lee will surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia effectively ending the Civil War

General “Stonewall” Jackson

• Mexican-American War hero and considered Lee’s best general

• Led the Confederacy to victories at Fredericksburg and Bull Run

• Killed- mistakenly shot by his own troops, he was Lee’s best general

Antietam• The bloodiest one day

battle in the Civil War, it’s a draw

• This battle gives Lincoln the courage to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Emancipation Proclamation

• It freed all the slaves in the Confederacy, not in the Union

• It allowed for a moral purpose to be established for the Civil War

• African-Americans and abolitionists were pleased by tit

Gettysburg• Deadliest Battle of the Civil

War; 51,000 killed

• The South fails to win support from France or Britain against the North; fails to show them the South can win the war

• Confederacy never invades the North again

• Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address, dedicating a memorial to the fallen Union soldiers

Gettysburg Address• One of the greatest speeches in history

• It convinced the North to stay in the war and improved their spirits

• Shaped the goal of the Civil War to preserve the Union, convinced the people they were ONE NATION

Vicksburg• General Ulysses S. Grant

captures the city, gaining Union control of the Mississippi River

• This battle cuts the Confederacy in half, isolating the West (Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas) from the Eastern half

“March to the Sea”• General William Sherman-

sets off to break the Confederacy, he engaged in total war. Make the citizens of the Confederacy feel the pains of war.

• Atlanta- Burned to the ground

• Goal- destroy the crops, railroads, factories, roads, bridges, and homes from Chattanooga, TN to Savannah, GA

Presidential Reconstruction

• Carried out by Andrew Johnson

• No revenge against the Confederacy

• Readmit the Confederate states as soon as possible

• Republicans outraged that the Confederate states were depriving freed slaves their rights

Radical Reconstruction• Done in reaction to

President Johnson’s soft treatment of the South

• Southern states had to reapply for admission to the Union, take steps to secure the rights of freed slaves

• All Southern states had to pass the 13th, 14th , and 15th Amendment

Civil War Amendments• 13th Amendment- abolished slavery in the United

States

• 14th Amendment- U.S. citizenship means that all persons born in the United States including African-Americans can not be denied their rights without due process under the law

• 15th Amendment- Guaranteed the right to vote to all males, including African-Americans

African-Americans and Reconstruction

• Education- Universities and Colleges were established to educate newly freed slaves in the South

• New Life- African-Americans founded newspapers, were elected to public office, and started businesses

Freedmen’s Bureau• Established to help

slaves transition to freedom

• Helped former slaves solves everyday problems such as food, clothing, and shelter

• Failed to help former slaves acquire land which would have made them independent

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson

• Radical Republicans attempted to remove President Johnson because of his opposition to their reconstruction efforts

• He missed being impeached by one vote

Black Codes• Codes established to

limit the freedom of African-Americans

1. Prohibited blacks from either renting land or borrowing money to buy land.

2. Prohibited Blacks from testifying in court against Whites.

3. Contracts- blacks had to sign permanent work contracts with former slave owners

Poll Tax

• A special fee a person must pay in order to vote. Used in the Post-Reconstruction South to deny the right to vote to the newly freed slaves.

Ku Klux Klan• Terrorist organization

established to scare newly freed slaves away from voting

• Founded by former members of the Confederate Army to oppose Reconstruction efforts in the South

Domain 3:U.S. History Industrialization

to the Modern Era

Impact of Railroads• They moved settlers

West to farm and transported goods (food, resources) east to the major cities

• The rise of the railroad led to the rise of the steel, coal, and cattle industries

• Chinese Labor- the main labor force used to build the transcontinental railroad

•

Transcontinental Railroad

• Transcontinental Railroad- The first coast to coast railroad was built in 1869 and met in Promontory Point, Utah.

• Competition- The Union Pacific Railroad company built track from East to West. While the Central Pacific built track East from California through the Rocky Mountains.

• Additional Lines- By the end of the 1800’s five transcontinental lines were built connecting the East and West coasts of America (MANIFEST DESTINY COMPLETED)

Chinese Exclusion Act 1882

• Passed in response to the large number of Chinese working in the West for low wages (railroad, factories), it banned the immigration of any new Chinese to the country for 10 years

Rise of Big Business• The growth of Big

Business occurs after the Civil War

• They used wealth to dominate American culture and political life to make them richer

• Their dominance will to reforms during the Progressive Era

Monopolies and Trusts

• Monopoly- when a company has exclusive control of a market and can manipulate the price of goods

• Trust- a business that is formed specifically to monopolize a market, the control all the business selling the product

John D. Rockefeller• Founder of Standard Oil he

created the largest trust in America by controlling the Oil industry

• One of the key figures of the Industrial Revolution

Thomas Edison• The “wizard of Menlo Park”

he will invent three life changing items:

1. Light Bulb- now businesses, factories and homes could be located anywhere there was electricity

2. Motion Picture Camera- led to the development of the Film Industry

3. Phonograph- recorded sound; will lead to the development of the radio and IPod

Immigration• During the late 1800’s

the majority of immigrants come from Eastern and Southern Europe

• Ellis Island- the major east coast immigrant reception center

• These immigrants were likely to be poor, settle in cities, worked factory jobs, and created their own ethic neighborhoods

Native Americans and Westward Migration

• Native Americans were forced off their lands by Americans settling in the West

• Sitting Bull- Leader of the Sioux, defeated Custer at Little Big Horn

• Wounded Knee- the final battle of the wars with Native Americans, the U.S. massacres over 300 men, women and children

American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers• Samuel Gompers-

founder of the AFL it becomes the first union and fights for worker’s rights using strikes

• AFL goals- 40 hour work week, better working conditions, vacations and higher wages

Pullman Strike• Pullman Strike- lays off 3,000

workers, cuts wages but keeps the rent at the same rate.

• Fired- Pullman fires the head of the workers unions. Federal troops break the strike.

• Results- almost all workers fired and blacklisted by the Pullman company.

• Union Leaders- see that conventional means can’t work and turn to more radical, violent ideas to gain Union rights

Progressive Era• A reform movement to

improve the social and political aspects of America

• Belief that laws can improve the lives of Americans

• Goals- government regulation of businesses, protect workers and consumers, conserve natural resources

Muckrakers• Upton Sinclair- wrote The

Jungle, exposing the problems with the Meat Packing Industry

• This led to the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act to regulate foods and meat in the United States

• Ida Tarbell- wrote a story on Standard Oil, helping to break up the trust

Women in the Progressive Movement

• Women sponsored laws to end child labor

• Pushed for the prohibition of alcohol

• Women wanted government inspections and rules for work places

Progressive Era Political Reforms

• Recall- Remove corrupt or unsatisfactory politician by majority vote

• Direct Election of Senators- For the first time in American history, citizens were given the ability to vote for the Senator

• Initiative- can force a public vote on a law or issue

• Referendum- the government must present the initiative to the public to vote

Jane Addams• Founder of Hull House, a

settlement house that helped immigrants.

• Hull House was designed to acclimate immigrants to life in the United States.

• Hull House provided health care and services to the poor

Conservation Movement• President Roosevelt- led

this movement, secured over 150 million acres of land to be preserved

• Yellowstone National Park- 1st ever National Park in the United States

Plessy v. Ferguson• 1896 ruling by the

Supreme Court that upheld Jim Crow laws and established the idea of Separate but Equal

• This court case made segregation legal in the United States

Jim Crow Laws

• Laws designed to separate blacks and whites which were degrading to African Americans.

Booker T. Washington• Founder of Tuskegee

University, believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their value to society.

•

W.E.B. DuBois• believed that blacks

needed immediate equality with White America, blacks needed liberal arts education in order to have a well educated class of leaders to deal with White America

• Founder of the NAACP

NAACP• Founded to fight Jim

Crow Laws in the South by DuBois

• Its original goal was to gain full social and economic equality for African-Americans with White America

American Imperialism

• Americans argued over the decision to acquire colonies around the world

• The United States begins to flex its muscles in world affairs, especially in Central and South America

Spanish-American War

• The conflict that allowed the United States to gain control of Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam

• This war was a direct result of Americans wanting to become an Imperialistic Power

Roosevelt Corollary

• President Roosevelt announced to the world that the United States had the right to intervene in Latin American countries in economic crisis, to insure European countries could be repaid their debt

Panama Canal• Roosevelt helps the

Panamanians rebel against Columbia in exchange the US gets to build the canal.

• The canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans cutting the travel time by ships dramatically (see map)