2011 expo-passive house-designing-lowenergy buildings
DESCRIPTION
Passive House Designing Low Energy Buildings A presentation by Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director Passive House Institute US | PHIUS www.passivehouse.us Keynote address at the Columbus Green Building Forum's 2011 Green Building EXPOTRANSCRIPT
Passive House Designing Low Energy Buildings
© 2011 PHIUS
Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director
www.passivehouse.us
www.PHAUS.org
Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
1 Passive House Enclosure
© 2011 PHIUS
Enclosure Principle
Optimize the House… … to the Heating System
Why Passive House?
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
energy-efficiency
new
geo-/ozean. power
solar
windpower
waterpower
new biomass
trad. Biomass
Reference: Shell-Study (till 2005), Scenario with high efficiency and regenerative usage of energy
Worldwide Energy Resources and Consumption:
0
200
400
600
800
1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090
trad. Biomass
nuclear
gas
oil
coal
Etajoule
k
Standards & Rating Comparison
The 2030 Challenge brought forward by Architect Ed Mazria:
64°F 68°F
6°F
Yes !
Passive House Comfort Principle
© 2011 PHIUS
6°F
min 64°F surface temp = Comfort
Θsi Interior surface temperature
Θi Room temperature
Θsi = Θi – U * Rsi * (Θi – Θe)
Calculation of the interior surface temperature of a wall assembly:
© 2011 PHIUS
Θi Room temperature
Θe Outside temperature
U U-value of the wall assembly
Rsi Interior surface film coefficient
SI Units IP
1 Heat Load: ≤10 W/m2 ≤ 1 W/ft2
Cooling Load: ≤ 8 W/m2 ≤ 0.8 W/ft2
2 Envelope Insulation:2 Envelope Insulation:Very Cold/humidVery Cold/humid Minneapolis, MNMinneapolis, MN U≤0.08 W/mU≤0.08 W/m22KK R≥71 hrR≥71 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuColdCold Chicago, ILChicago, IL U≤0.094 W/mU≤0.094 W/m22KK R≥60 hrR≥60 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuMixed/humidMixed/humid Ashville, NCAshville, NC U≤0.16 W/mU≤0.16 W/m22KK R≥35 hrR≥35 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuMixed/dryMixed/dry Las Vegas, NVLas Vegas, NV U≤0.14 W/mU≤0.14 W/m22KK R≥40 hrR≥40 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuMarine Marine Seattle, WASeattle, WA U≤0.13 W/mU≤0.13 W/m22KK R≥44 hrR≥44 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuHot/humidHot/humid Houston, TXHouston, TX U≤0.14 W/mU≤0.14 W/m22KK R≥40 hrR≥40 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuHot/dryHot/dry Phoenix, AZPhoenix, AZ U≤0.14 W/mU≤0.14 W/m22KK R≥40 hrR≥40 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/Btu
Climate Specific Recommendations Passive House
© 2011 PHIUS
3 Thermal Bridge Free Construction:3 Thermal Bridge Free Construction:Linear Thermal TransmittanceLinear Thermal Transmittance ΨΨ≤0.01 W/≤0.01 W/mKmK ΨΨ≤0.006 Btu/hr≤0.006 Btu/hr--ftft--°°F F
4 High Performance Windows installed:4 High Performance Windows installed:Overall Thermal Transmittance (Very Cold)Overall Thermal Transmittance (Very Cold) UU≤0.6 W/m≤0.6 W/m22KK UU≤0.11 Btu/hr≤0.11 Btu/hr--ftft22--°°FFOverall Thermal Transmittance (Cold/Mixed)Overall Thermal Transmittance (Cold/Mixed) UU≤0.85 W/m≤0.85 W/m22KK UU≤0.15 Btu/hr≤0.15 Btu/hr--ftft22--°°FFOverall Thermal Transmittance (Hot)Overall Thermal Transmittance (Hot) UU≤1.55 W/m≤1.55 W/m22KK UU≤0.27 Btu/hr≤0.27 Btu/hr--ftft22--°°FF
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Mixed/Cold) g-value≥50% SHGC≥50%Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Hot) g-value ≤ 30% SHGC ≤ 30%
5 Heat Recovery Ventilation:Net Efficiency η≥80% η≥80%
Electric Consumption of motor ≤0.45 Wh/m3 ≤0.76 W/cfm
Passive House Solution:
Thermal-bridge free and with the appropriate amount of insulation depending on design
Continuous Insulation –
Dimensioned to maintain Passive House surface temperatures:
© 2011 PHIUS
depending on design temperature!
Minimum surface temperature
with furniture placement: 58 °F
Current New Construction Passive House Standard
Energy Metrics (discounted interior conditioned floor area - TFA)
Annual Heating Energy Demand ≤4.75 kBtu/ft2 yr or 15 kWh/m2a
Annual Cooling Energy Demand ≤4.75 kBtu/ft2 yr or 15 kWh/m2a
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Annual Total Primary Energy ≤38 kBtu/ft2 yr [11.1 kWh/ft2 yr] or 120 kWh/m2a Demand
Air Leakage @ 50 Pa ≤0.6 ACH50
Current New Construction Passive House Standard adjusted
Energy Metrics (exterior building dimensions as customary in US)
Annual Heating Energy Demand ≤3.325 kBtu/ft2 yr or 0.97 kWh/ft2 yr
Annual Cooling Energy Demand ≤3.325 kBtu/ft2 yr or 0.97 kWh/ft2 yr
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Annual Total Primary Energy ≤7.77 kWh/ft2 yr
Demand
Air Leakage @ 50 Pa ≤0.6 ACH50
2 Cold Climate Passive House Frame
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House Frame
Stanton Residence – 2009, Urbana IL – e-co lab
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Ecological wall construction for a cold climate:
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The highly efficient Window Profile
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Passive House windowrequirements for cold climates (triple-pane, argon filled, low-e on the right)
High Performance Glazing for minimized transmission losses-
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filled, low-e on the right)
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Optiwin window sections
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Enersign Window
Uframe = 0.8 W/(m²K)
Curtain Wall
www.raico.de
Uframe = 0.7 W/(m²K)www.optiwin.net/mueller-en?set_language=en
Thermotech Window Section
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Larsen Trusses rated for New and Retrofit applications-
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Affordable Dublin House – 2010, Urbana Illinois – e-co lab
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3 Cold Climate Passive House Foam and Frame
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House Foam and Frame Enclosure
Framed Walls with exterior Foam
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2010 Konkol Home, Konkol Project Wisconsin – Architect Tim Eian
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Thermal Imaging of the Envelope to detect flaws
� Thermal bridge detection
� Airtightness leaks
� gaps in insulation
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The Hudson Passive Project: NY State - Architect Dennis Wedlick
�Graphite enhanced EPS SIP Panels
�Airtightness resultHolds record: 0.14 ACH50
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4 Passive House Enclosure Marine Climate
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Enclosure Marine Climate
CPPP East End Project – 2010, Seattle, WA – Builder Dan Whitmore
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Modified Larsen Truss Solution
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Rain Screen Facade
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Marine Climate: Courtland Place PH 2010 – Dan Whitmore
Marine Climate Zone 4: Builder Blake Bilyeu – 2010, Salem, OR
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O’Neil Residence 2010, Sonoma CA – Architect Jarrod Denton
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1st fully certified Retrofit Project in the US!
5 Passive House Enclosure Mixed Humid
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Enclosure Mixed Humid Climates
Studio 804 Kansas City – 2010, MO
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Kenmore Rd Project, Chapel Hill NC – 2010 – Builder Chris Senior
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6 Passive House Enclosure Mixed Dry
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Enclosure Mixed Dry Climates
Breezeway House – 2009, Salt Lake City, Utah – Architect Dave Brach
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7 Passive House Enclosure Hot Humid
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Enclosure Hot Humid Climate
204 Whit – 2010, Lafayette, LA – Corey Saft
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8 Cost Optimization-Passive House Mechanicals
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Mechanicals
SI Units IP
1 Heat Load:1 Heat Load: ≤10 W/m≤10 W/m2 2 ≤ 1 W/ft≤ 1 W/ft2 2
Cooling Load:Cooling Load: ≤ 8 W/m≤ 8 W/m2 2 ≤ 0.8 W/ft≤ 0.8 W/ft2 2
2 Envelope Insulation:Very Cold/humid Minneapolis, MN U≤0.08 W/m2K R≥71 hr-ft2-°F/BtuCold Chicago, IL U≤0.094 W/m2K R≥60 hr-ft2-°F/BtuMixed/humid Ashville, NC U≤0.16 W/m2K R≥35 hr-ft2-°F/BtuMixed/dry Las Vegas, NV U≤0.14 W/m2K R≥40 hr-ft2-°F/BtuMarine Seattle, WA U≤0.13 W/m2K R≥44 hr-ft2-°F/BtuHot/humid Houston, TX U≤0.14 W/m2K R≥40 hr-ft2-°F/BtuHot/dry Phoenix, AZ U≤0.14 W/m2K R≥40 hr-ft2-°F/Btu
Climate Specific Recommendations Passive House
© 2011 PHIUS
3 Thermal Bridge Free Construction:Linear Thermal Transmittance Ψ≤0.01 W/mK Ψ≤0.006 Btu/hr-ft-°F
4 High Performance Windows installed:Overall Thermal Transmittance (Very Cold) U≤0.6 W/m2K U≤0.11 Btu/hr-ft2-°FOverall Thermal Transmittance (Cold/Mixed) U≤0.85 W/m2K U≤0.15 Btu/hr-ft2-°FOverall Thermal Transmittance (Hot) U≤1.55 W/m2K U≤0.27 Btu/hr-ft2-°F
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Mixed/Cold)Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Mixed/Cold) gg--value≥50%value≥50% SHGC≥50%SHGC≥50%Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Hot)Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Hot) gg--value ≤ 30%value ≤ 30% SHGC ≤ 30%SHGC ≤ 30%
5 Heat Recovery Ventilation:5 Heat Recovery Ventilation:Net EfficiencyNet Efficiency ηη≥80%≥80% ηη≥80%≥80%
Electric Consumption of motorElectric Consumption of motor ≤0.45 ≤0.45 WhWh/m/m3 3 ≤0.76 W/≤0.76 W/cfmcfm
•ERV/HRV with integrated air-to-water heat exchange coil and/or air-to-air Heat Pump for
Components of the Minimized Mechanical System:
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Pump for heating/cooling
•Insulated Hot Water Tank w/ solar thermal collectors for DHW
(Image: Passivhaus
Institut)
Heating, cooling and dehumidification:
© 2011 PHIUS
(Images:www.quietside.com/)
Mini-Split Air-to-Air Heat Pump
The Ultimate Air Recoup Aerator (Stirling Technologies):
•95% Efficiency
•Air flow: 70-210 cubic feet/minute (cfm)
•Motor: General Electric ECM brushless motors
•Electrical Rating: 120/240 volts, AC, 60/50 Hz, 5/2.8 Amps
•Average electrical consumption:
•210 cfm (360m3/h) — 200W
© 2011 PHIUS
•60cfm —34 W
•Dimensions: 25" H x 19" W x 25" D (63.5 cm x 48.25 cm x 63.5 cm)
•Unit Weight: 72 lbs.
•Shipping Weight: 80 lbs.
•Mounting: Operates in vertical or horizontal position.
•Connects to 6" galvanized or flex ducts.
Closed Ground Loop Heat Exchanger for Defrost
© 2011 PHIUS
Passive cooling/dehumidification for Hot/humid climates pre recovery
50
60
70
80
90
100
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
Heat Pump and Resistance Heat Electricity Use compared to Room Temperature
Uniformity (+/-2oF from T 'Stat) and Indoor and Outdoor Temperature (5)Fairview II House Urbana, IL
Nov 2009 - Jan 2011Percent of
Month
UniformResistance
Heat
ElectricityHeat Pump
Electricity
Temperature
at Thermostat
En
erg
y U
sag
e
(kW
h)
erc
en
tag
e o
f m
on
th a
ll r
oo
ms
wit
hin
+/-
2 °
F
of
tem
pe
ratu
re a
t th
erm
ost
at
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0
10
20
30
40
50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
No
v-0
9
Dec
-09
Jan-1
0
Feb
-10
Mar
-10
Ap
r-1
0
May
-10
Jun-1
0
Jul-
10
Aug-1
0
Sep
-10
Oct
-10
No
v-1
0
Dec
-10
Jan-1
1
Month
En
erg
y U
sag
e
(kW
h)
Te
mp
era
ture
(°F
)
AN
D
Pe
rce
nta
ge
of
mo
nth
all
ro
om
s w
ith
in +
/
of
tem
pe
ratu
re a
t th
erm
ost
at
Fairview II – Heat Pump Consumption and Conditioning Distribution, Aug 2010:
© 2011 PHIUS
(Image Source: IBACOS)
Indoor Air Quality Airtight House Versus Typical
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(Image Source: Mark Adams)
9 Balancing the Investment of Enclosure,
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Investment of Enclosure, Mechanicals, Renewables
© 2011 PHIUS
(Source: IEA Information Paper: Energy Efficiency requirements in Building Codes, Author Jens Laustsen)
Note: Costs are for central Europe (Germany)
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Cost Benefit of the Stanton House-
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Cost Benefit of the Stanton House with Renewables-
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10 Certified Passive House Projects – going beyond
© 2011 PHIUS
Projects – going beyond
Freeman Home in Maine: 2010 Laura Briggs and Jonathan Knowles
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Solar Decathlon 2nd Place 2009, DC & IL
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University of Illinois
GO Logic Home – 2010, Maine: Alan Gibson and Matthew Omalia
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2010 Konkol Home, Wisconsin – Tim Eian
© 2011 PHIUS
21 appartements with Pellet-Heating + Solar Thermal
Architect: Manfred Brausem, Cologne
Frankfurt approx. 300 Unit Development City View
Vienna EUROGATE Project: City Development 1700 Apartments/Schools, Project: Albert Wimmer ZT-GmbH
Photo courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria
Heidelberg, Germany: Gymnasium
Montessori School, Germany
Frankfurt, Germany: Kindergarden
Frankfurt, Germany: High School
St. Poelten, Austria: Office Building
Photos courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria
Greifenburg, Austria: Office Building, Architect: architekten ronacher
Photos courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria
Austria: Office Building Drexel&Weiss
Wels, Austria: Convention Center, AT4 Architekten
Photo courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria
Linz, Austria: Office tower
Mark your Calendar:
6th Annual North American Passive
House Conference:
© 2011 PHIUS
www.passivehouse.us
Passive House Institute US
House Conference:
October 28/292011
Washington, DC Metro Area, Silver Spring, MD
Certified Passive House Consultants ProgramNaCPHC
© 2011 PHIUS
Passive House Institute US | PHIUS
Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director
www.passivehouse.us
www.PHAUS.org