hoult.l be regarded a~

n. He was born in

C '1Ibridge he special:it Lniven.lty College

1 62. There he teaches n.. a ~ we \I as general

babet are di 'tribuLed throughout the dictionary . each at the head of the entries ginning ~ rill lhat letter. e ab DOUBLE ° 0 , ANT LETTERS. SHORT VOWEL, LO G VOWEL.)

j in a n:tIl cvu i syste m , or

lOC pying . record ing, or

CONTENTS

Key to phonetic symbols for English

Index to notes on pronunciation and phonetics

Acknowledgements

A quick guide to the dictionary

Foreword to the second edition

Introduction 1.1 1.2 J3 1.4 [.5 [.6 [.7

Z Types of pronunciation recorded 2.1 British pronunciation - RP 2.2 alb r va 'etie of Bri tish Engli h 2.3 American pr nunciat ion - 'enernl Am rican

3 The English phonemic system and Its notation 3. I Vowel. an diphlhongs 3.2 Consonants 3.3 Stre s 3.4 Transcripti n ~ys tems 3.5 Syllabi fica tion

.6 Phonological pr cesses in speech

4 Foreign languages 4 .1 Names

·.2 Transcriptions

5 Symbols 5.1 Phoneti c symbol. 5.2 Othe r , ymbols

The Dictionary A-Z

Abbreviations

Typographical conventions. stress marks, other symbols

Spelling-to-sound guidelines (grapheme-to-ph neme rules ) for

Vari ants Inflected and deri ve fOllTIS Proper names Com oun and phra.;e Spelli ng Homophones Opinion poll s

inside froll l cover

v

vi

viii

x

xl xi XI

xi xii xii xii

xiii XI II

," iii xiv

xvi x i

xviii xviii , viii

, ix xx

xxi , xi xxi

xxiii XXIII

, xv

1-869

870

i I/side back cover

nch letter of Lhe

iv

Notes on pronunciation and phonetics

Affricates Articulation Aspirati n A similation AUSLT. lian English Breaking Citation form, didionary entry and connected

speech Clicks Clipp ing Coarticulation Combining forms Compounds and phr es Compression Diphthongs Double can onunt le tt.ers Double consonant s unds El ision E-mail and the WWW

Glottal stop

Hard attack

Liquids

Neutralization

Opti nal sounds

Phoneme and allophone

R- li aison

Short vowel, long vowel

Spelling pronunc iation

Strc

Srress shift

Syllabic cons nants

Syllables

T- oicing

Voice and voicel ss

Weak forms

Weak vowels

15

43

47

49

57

99

143

147

149

151

159

163

165

223

237

238

254

259

328

349

443

511

537

577

627

699

723

741

742

757

758

763

833

843

844

-~.-: .~~

15 43 47 49 57 99

143

147 149 151 159 163 165 223 237 238 254 259 328 349 443 511 537 577 627 699 723 741 742 757 758 763 833 84j 844

__ . __ .. _0 notes on pronunciation and phonetics

w breviatory con\ entions

..;cent _ ".ficate ':Iophone,

al lophonic proximant

_heolar 'veoJo-palatal

.l!>pirated ",-~ ,imilation

-wstralian English "Ilabial heaking ut~lion foml chck .:Ilpped, clipping coalescence .:oarticulation ~mbini llg form L'ompensatory

lengthening complementary

distribution {.ompound

143 741

15,44,443

577 44 43 43 47 49 57 43 99

l43 147 149 50

49, 151 159

256

577 163

~~ \mpression 143, 165 w nnected speech 143 contracted forms

-' so -n't, - 'd, -'II ,

- ' ve, also don '4

T' m. they ' re, etc.

u mtrastive focus 163 Llescendo

tliphthong lil::ntal de voiced dictionary

pronunciation diphthong diminuendo

diphthong double letters duration early stress elide

165, 223 43

833

143 223

223 237 699 163 255

elision 255, 537 , 763 Estuary English falling diphthong fortis free variation fricative geminate

X\II

223 833 577 44

238 glottal, glottal stop 327 glottalling 327 hard attack 327, 349 hiatus 327 hyphenation 758 insertion 537,627 intrusive r 627 labial-palatal 43 labial-velar 43 labiodental 43 late stress 163 lateral 443 length-mark 699 !enis 833 linking r 627 liquid 44, 443 long vowel 699 manner of

articulation 44 median 443 monophthong 223 nasal 44 neutral vowel 511 neutralize 511 non-rhotic 626 obstruent 44 opposition 5 I I optional sounds 143, 537 palatal 43 palato-al veolar 43 past tense 249 pharyngal 43 phoneme,

phonemic 577 phrase 163 pitch-prominence 741 place of articula

tion 43

plosive plurals,

possessives post -al veolar pre-fortis clipping pre-I, pre-r break

ing primary stress progressive regional accents regressive

assimilation retroflex rhotic rhythmic beat rhythmic clipping rising diphthong r-liaison secondary stress semivowel short vowel sibilant smoothing sonarant spelling

pronunciation stranded, stranding stress stress-imposing stress-neutral stress shift strong form strong vowel syllabic consonant

44

666 43

149

99 741 49

Xlll

49 43

626 741 149 223 627 741 44

699 666 165 44

723 843 741 159 159 742 843 844 757

sy Ilabi fi cation 143, 758 sy ll able unaspirated uvular velar voicing weak fonn weak vowel WWW yod coalescence

XIX, XX,

758 47 43 43

763, 833 843 844 259

50