The north axis What the Norwegians can learn from the Dutch

and vice versa

Presentations to NORSK KULTURRÅD 23th of November, 2011

The DEN Foundation

1. Introduction

2. A short history of digitisation (Marco)

3. The DEN foundation (Monika)

4. THE BASICS (Robert)

5. Capita selecta

1. Knowledge base (Wietske)

2. Digital preservation (Robert)

3. Business Model Innovation (Marco)

4. Dutch national aggregator (Marco)

From chain to cycle

Unesco Culture Cycle (2009)

New media bring “a culture of mass self-communication in which people increasingly communicate to and through one another, rather than through formal media organisations like broadcasters and publishers”. “All research is becoming more interconnected, collaborative and networked. Science is increasingly driven by the analysis of large overlapping clouds of data.“ Charles Leadbeater, Cloud culture.

2. A short history of digitisation in The Netherlands

Collaboration at the national level

Creative industry Education Government Science

Topics across heritage

Aggretation and access Copyright Policy making Business model

innovation

Digital preservation

Quality assurance

Training

Funding

Collaboration within domains

Archeo-logy

Archives AV Libraries

Monu-ments

Museums

NL-aggregators, STAP Werkgroep Auteursrechten FOBID/JC, Digitice

OCW digitaliseringsoverleg Kennisland, TNO, Erfgoed2.0 Waterwolf, HU Utrecht

NCDD, CCDD

Erfgoed Nederland, RCE/KVCE ‘Meten is weten’

GO, Reinwardt, UL/BDMS

Fondsen, Provincies, Agentschap-NL

RCE CAA-NL

BRAIN ACDD STAP NA / RHC’s

AVA-net B&G NIMk

KB SIOB Bibliotheek.nl FOBID UKB Bijzcol

RCE LEU

NMV SIMIN Museum-register LCM Qmus

Virtueel Platform BIS e-cultuur IIP-Create

Kennisnet SURF

Forum Standaardisatie CATCH / CATCH+ CLARIN-NL

The context in The Netherlands

Beleid OCW Digitization project of memory organisations should contribute to the

Digital Collection of The Netherlands and reuse existing infrastructure. Only then digital resources will be as accessible as

possible and reusable for all.

Digitisation & Policy

• 2006-2009

• Criteria:

– Innovative

– Public Access

– Knowledge dissimination

• 120 Information Plans

• 40 digitization projects

• Comply or Explain on ICT

An information plan…

• Helps institutions to make ICT an integral part of their overall policy. • Supports standardisation by making it a choice, a strategy, not a burden • Defines how to move from project driven digitisation to permanent services

• Provides guidance for digital innovation: “always in beta”.

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Information plans vs. budget

Raad voor Cultuur (Innoveren, participeren) Breaking down of boarders

First step towards breaking down existing boarders is collaboration between the different networks of memory institutions. A prerequisite for success is the willingness to share all available Knowledge and look for valuable crossovers between domains. And above all to name collaboration as core element of all activities.

Percentage digitised (N=98)

Not necessary

Is done

Awaiting digitization

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How much has been digitised?

Innovaties Digitale Diensten

‘Pro’

‘amature’

Institution Users

ACT

PLAN

DO

CHECK

Project planning

User studies Highlights

Heavily used collections

Mass Digitisation

Evaluation

Benchmarking

Information plans

Evolution of digitisation

“Libraries were never warehouses of books.

They have always been and always will be

centers of learning.”

(Robert Darnton, The case for books)

Raad voor Cultuur (Netwerken van betekenis)

The focus shouldn’t be with large stand alone

projects. In order to build sustainable networks,

collaboration should be obligatory and we have to

commit to standards for access and description.

By doing so, available cultural information can be

reused by all, be it organisations or consumers.

Who Who When When

Where Where What What

Geheugen van Nederland

WieWasWie

WatWasWaar

Biografisch portaal

KICH

nu-en-toen

Collectiewijzer

Musip

MichaelPlus-NL

Multimedian pilot e-culture

Allemolens.nl

Archeos

Beeldbank NA Beelden voor de toekomst / ED*T

Biblio Sacra

Bibliotheek.nl

Archieven.nl

Thematis

Cinema Context

Digitale Atlas Geschiedenis

Labour History Index

Staten Generaal

Databank Digitale Dagbladen

Museumkennis

Dutch Jewry

SVCN

Maritiem Digitaal

Volksverhalenbank

CRVa

DBNG DBNA

Picarta

Nationale referentiecollectie

Thuis in Brabant

Reliwiki

Sgraffito in 3D

StamboomNederland

Genlias

Unicum

Wumkus

Zuid-Hollandse collecties digitaal

RKD-artists

Bibliopolis

Beeldbank WOII

Atlas Ruimtelijke Kwaliteit

Aziatische keramiek

Content Mashup Platform

Cultuurhistorie op internet

Dendrochronologie

Goudanet

Mijnadres.org

MijnGelderland

Nederlandse fotografen

Papua portal

Verteld verleden

Until now, digitisation has very much been a ‘push’ activity. The heritage institutions decide what, when and how their collections will be digitised. But how do we learn from the digital behaviour of our (potential) users?

Offer and demand

Where are we know

• Digitization is expensive. (Digitizing remaining heritage in Europe would cost 100 miljard euro).

• Digitalization is complex. There is not a ‘one size fits all’-approach.

• We put a lot of effort in innovation, less in truly embedding and sustainable solutions for the sector.

• We’re facing backlogs in registration. As a result content is not as usable as it should.

Enriched object

Content searchable

Digital reproductions

Thumbnails

Relations

(hierarchy, related)

(Basic)des-criptions

Heritage

Dutch Collection (assets)

Collection registration in institutions (vgl. Immix) (registration)

Traditionele bibliografieën en centrale catalogi (bijv. STCN) (catalogues)

Zoekindexen van metadata met links naar buiten, vgl. Europeana. (aggregation)

Informatiebestanden met zoekmogelijkheid op object en centrale raadpleging van objecten, vgl. Geheugen van Nederland, WatWasWaar. (portal)

Informatiebestanden met zoekmogelijkheid in zowel metadata als in volledige inhoud (niveau Google), vgl. Digitale Dagbladen, EDBO, Bibliotheek.nl (index / search)

Informatiebestanden met (semantische) zoekmogelijkheid in zowel metadata als in volledige (gestructureerde) inhoud en achterliggende (data/video-) bestanden, vgl. wetenschappelijke informatie-systemen, WieWasWie etc. (knowldge system)

Niveaus erfgoeddiensten

Shared services

Digitization

- Mass digital.

- On demand

Aggregation

- Geographical

- Thematic

Data management

- Local

- External/cloud

Software development

- Open source

- Licences

Services

- Public (apps)

- B2B

Support

- Standards

- Copyrights

R&D

- Innovation

- Knowledge Sharing

- European projects - Innovation programs - Creative industry - Innovatieve instellingen - DEN

-DEN -Digitice -Working group copyright

-Memory institutions - (Creative) companies -Bibliotheek.nl

-Beeld en Geluid / RCE / DCN -STAP -Bibliotheek.nl -Geheugen van Nederland - Provinces

-NCDD (B&G/DANS/ KB/NA) -RCE - Market

-CATCH / CATCH+ - Market

Organizing ‘shared services’

-Memory organisations - Companies

Transition needed

cultural heritage

Audience

Professions & Traditions

Technology

Quality Efficiency

Digitisation

Comfort zone

Digital Strategies for Heritage

• Instutional change

• Crowd sourcing and cocreation

• Business for Heritage

• Building a new public space

DEN Foundation Knowledge Centre for Digital Heritage

November 23rd, 2011

Meeting Arts Council Norway

Monika Lechner,advisor @ DEN Monika.Lechner@den.nl

What is DEN?

• DEN Foundation (“Digital Heritage Netherlands”) since 1999

• National Knowledge Centre for Digital Heritage

• Sponsored (entirely) by the Ministry of Education, Cultural Affairs and Science

• Team of 12 people

• DEN evolves (reinvents itself) every 4 years due to new governmental policy & based on evaluation & evolution of digitisation

• New policy plan for 2013-2016 in the making

Core mission: Knowledge dissemination

Share knowledge & experiences with ICT & good practise for digital heritage

Support heritage institutions to improve their digital strategies and services

Quality assurance for digital heritage!

What does DEN do?

Encourage institutions to... ... invest in open technology ... create sustainable (services Be aware of vendor lock in,

(un)sustainable cloud services… ... use the same ICT-standards Create 1 national

Digital Heritage Collection

Why do we need quality

assurance for digitization?

Heritage = Objects Information

Definition Digital Heritage ‘Born digital’ heritage Digital by origin (e.g. electronic art, electronic archives, digital photographs). Digitised heritage Artefacts that (did) exist in the physical world; reproduced with digital technology (e.g. scans of paper objects, photographs of paintings, encoded audio or video, reconstructions of monuments). Digital information about cultural heritage objects Metadata, x-rays of paintings, knowledge organisation systems like thesauri and ontology's, etc. All three types have their own needs for preservation and access

This is not digitisation...

ACT (Policy)

PLAN

DO

CHECK (Evaluation)

Preparing

Creating

Describing

Storing

Accessing

Presenting

Managing

Sharing

Preserving

This is digitisation! DEN Quality Cycle for digitisation

Josh

Gre

enberg

@D

ISH

2009

Analyse successful services

Observe user behaviour

Good digitisation:

• Have a strategy for digital services (policy plan)

• Build your own ICT knowledge (staff training)

• Use an open infrastructure & support re-use • Know your(potential) users

• Have a critical mind and the will to adapt constantly • Share your knowledge!

(good & “better” practices)

Knowledge dissemination

Share your knowledge –Ewa Rozkosz CC BY SA http://www.flickr.com/photos/erozkosz/6003136440/

Offline activities

Expertmeetings (BASIS, Digital preservation, …) workshops, conferences www.dish.nl

Participation in … workgroups (e.g. Copyright) … steering committees (e.g. CATCH+) … stakeholders meetings (Persistent Identifiers) … European (research projects) (e.g. ENUMERATE)

Europeana •DEN is a member of EuropeanaNET •DEN is a member of the core group for the technical development of Europeana •DEN promotes the standards chosen for Europeana in the Netherlands • DEN provides knowledge about Europeana (aggregators)

Monitoring & Research

“A Future for our Digital Memory”

Report on long-term preservation

“Born-Digital Heritage” Report

“Webstatistics Research”

“Business Model Innovation”

“Digital Facts” / More Digital Facts

Numeric / ENUMERATE

– Research on cost of digitisation

– Development of a costmodel

Knowledgebase | Blog | Social Media (LinkedIN, Twitter, …)

Online dissemination

Animations: In plain English

Why use ICT-standards?

Standardisation: not the goal in itself

BUT means to a goal

The Heritage Essentials: Building a Succesful ICT Strategy THE BASICS defines a set of minimal requirements for digitisation.

THE BASICS

THE BASICS

Minimal requirements for digitisation activities

THE BASICS defines a set of minimal requirements for digitization activities.

Application of THE BASICS guarantees quality, interoperability and efficiency during the entire digitization life cycle.

These standards will be the building blocks for the foundation of Digital Collection of the Netherlands and aggregation for Europeana

THE BASICS contains 29 standards

Selection from the much bigger ICT register/knowledge base of standards (271 standards) which is also maintained by DEN

THE BASICS provides guidelines for the following topics (following the digitisation cycle as promoted by DEN):

• findability or interoperability of digital data

• digital preservation

• creation of digital objects (pictorial, text, AV, geo)

• description of digital objects

• presentation of digital objects

Self regulation: standards in The BASICS have been determined by cultural heritage institutes themselves

Selection of standards firstly by expert groups

Followed by a fixed period I which memory institutions may have their say on the selected standards

THE BASICS evaluated:

• Standards themselves are not enough. More practical context needed (use cases)

• THE BASICS might be used as means to audit a project or products of vendors

• Knowledge level needed to understand THE BASICS considered high

• Vendors play major role in project standardization of memory institutions

The knowledge base

www.den.nl/digitaliseren

Wietske van den Heuvel

In a nutshell

• Sharing practical knowledge

• Providing information and tools

• Overview of:

– ICT standards and guidelines

– Cultural heritage institutions

– Digitisation projects

– In-depth information about digitising cultural heritage

ACT

PLAN

DO

CHECK

Preparing

Creating

Describing

Storing

Accessing

Presenting

Managing

Sharing

Preserving

Quality lifecycle as a basis

DEN Quality Cycle for digitisation

Content cloud

Users

Cultural heritage institutions:

– General management

– Policy makers

– Collection management

– IT staff

Addressing the user

Three levels of information:

– Orientation: basic information

– Context: practical information

– Focus: in depth information

Showcase

Gathering feedback

• User research:

– Online survey

– User statistics

– Interviews

– Scenario’s

• Advisory board

Digital Preservation in the Netherlands and role of DEN

Current situation in the cultural heritage sector

• Major players have pioneering role: • National Archives

• National Library

• Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision

• DANS (data archives for social sciences)

• City archives of Amsterdam and Rotterdam

• NCDD: Netherlands Coalition for Digital Preservation. Archives: ACDD, Cultural Heritage: CCDD

DEN and digital preservation

• THE BASICS for digital preservation (focus on organisational level)

• Cost modelling

• Role in NCDD (National Coalition for Digital Preservation) and CCDD (Cultural Coalition for Digital Preservation)

Digital Preservation shortlist

1. Policy

2. Invest in knowlegde

3. Selection

4. Risk inventory of digital objects

5. Redundant storage

6. Refreshment of storage system

7. Migrate or emulate strategies

8. Born digital objects need extra care

9. Metadata which describe form and content are essential

Digital Preservation maturity model

• Based on Charles Dollar maturity model

• Different aspects of digital preservation (technical, organizational) covered

• Institute receives “maturity score” for digital preservation

Business Model Innovation

ACT

PLAN

DO

CHECK

Project planning

User studies Highlights

Heavily used collections

Mass Digitisation

Evaluation

Benchmarking

Information plans

Business Model Innovation

Evolution of digitisation

Renewing the framework (or logic) used by an organisation for creating or increasing social and economic value

Business Model Innovation

BMI as management tool

The missing link

Written and published by

Kennisland, DEN &

Ministry of Culture (NL),

December 2009

Online available at

www.den.nl

analog ‘in house’

digital ‘in house’

digital in a controlled network

‘out there’ on the web

New value propositions

Ross

Parr

y @

DIS

H2009

Source: Numeric Final Report, July 2009

Tweet Mike Ellis

Josh

Gre

enberg

@D

ISH

2009

Profile of a web user

Busi

ness

Model In

nova

tie C

ulture

el Erf

goed,

Kennis

land/D

EN

, 2009

...it is imperative that we find the right ways to harmonise the needs of the users with what we have on offer...

How do we do that? S

ourc

e:

Kennis

land/D

EN

, 2009

For succesful transition…

Business Model Canvass

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The traditional model

A digital BM innovation

Major obstacles for CH

1. Organisation 3. Copyright

2. ICT-infrastructure 4. Revenue

Proven workflows

Strong identities

Standardisation

Factual services

Authoritative

Long term preservation

Authenticity

Free / Public domain

Enable full access

Be an expert

...

1. Organisation: changing values

Acknowledge new trends

Collaborate

Diversify with new media

Stimulate creativity

Service oriented

Short term flexibility

User generated content

New business models

Respect copyright

Be media literate

...

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Pressures on traditions

cultural heritage

Audience

Professions & Traditions

Technology

Quality Efficiency

Digitisation

Comfort zone

The biggest fear: no control

2. Open ICT-infrastructure

3. Clearing copyright

4. Creating revenue

3. Digital curator: the heritage institution providing the context

2. Digital original: the heritage institution as a digital heritage broker

1. Original: the heritage institution creating the experience

4. Digital branding: the heritage institution creating the reputation and building the brand

5. Product bundle: trans-media combination of various sources of income

Kernadviezen EU

Uitwerking van 3 hoofdthema’s in Nederland 1. Digitisation: organisation and funding

• Planning: Metamorfoze

• Monitoring: De Digitale Feiten / ENUMERATE

• Economies of scale: Prestoprime & Impact Competence centres

• PPP: Business Model Innovation Cultural Heritage

2. Digitisation and online accessibility of public domain material

• Improve access: NL-Aggregators

• PRIMA-projecten (WieWasWie, Kimomo, CATCH+)

• Conditions: Werkgroep Auteursrechten i.o.

• Europeana: sterk netwerk

3. Digital preservation

• Nationale strategie: NCDD / ACDD / CCDD

• Ontwikkeling E-depots (KB, DANS, Beeld en Geluid, Nationaal Archief)

• Deelname aan internationale projecten (m.n. Planets)

RCE: musea RCE: archeologie/architectuur

Beeld en Geluid:audiovisueel

STAP/NA:archieven

Nederlandse Digitale Collectie

(Nationale aggregator)

Europeana

diensten

KB:bibliotheken

Al het digitale Nederlandse erfgoed in collecties/musea/archieven/instellingen

Regionale aggregator

subdomein aggregator

Regionale aggregator

Regionale aggregator

Thema aggregator

Thema aggregator

Thema aggregator

Subdomein aggregator

diensten tools

tools

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Collectie E

uro

pa e

n t

eru

g (

2011)

National aggregator infrastructure

Steering CommitteeDigitale Collectie NL/

NL aggregator (8)

Memory organisations

Users group(content providers)

EUROPEANA

NLAggregator/DCNexecution

National initiatives(Via contracts)

Representatives

Representation (3)

5 Domain aggregators

DENadvisor

Current status

• Temporary funding 2012-2014

• Annual working plan

• Switch to DEA/CC0

• Switch to EDM

• Map interface

• Implement PID’s

• LOD pilot

Based on the previous

• A strong, neutral, above domains institution without executive responsibilities should be in control.

• Value not just innovation but also sustainability when stimulating digitaization.

• Some rewarding cq punishing instruments are necessary to assure quality.

• Value collaboration, work towards ‘shared services’

• Reuse what has been done achieved…