201012100912539 dec revision for oral communication

8/6/2019 201012100912539 Dec Revision for Oral Communication

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evision for Oral Communication

1. According to Camp & Satterwhite (2002), there are four main purposes in

communication:

(i) To inquire

This involves obtaining information in various ways, for instance, by asking questions

or through formulating questionnaires.

(ii) To inform This entails the dissemination of information using different

channels of communication.

(iii) To persuade

This aims to influence people and bring them round to your way of thinking.

(iv) To develop goodwill

This involves maintaining and forming cordial and harmonious relationships with

people you are communicating.CH 1.2

2. Contexts according to Joseph Devito (2009) refers to

(i) Context p.4

All communication takes place within a context that includes at

least four sub-contexts:

a. Physical

The real environment in which communication takes place,

e.g. a classroom, lecture hall, office, a public place.

b. Social-psychological

For example, the status/relationship among the senders and receivers, the roles

and communication games that people play, cultural rules and the

friendliness/unfriendliness or formality/informality of the situation.

c. Temporal

The time context in which communication takes place like the time of day or night,

as well as historical time, e.g. 20th or 21st century.

d. Cultural

The values, behaviour and beliefs of the society.

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3. Is the linear model suitable when giving a speech to a group of prospective

clients? Explain.

communication as a one-way or linear process in which the speaker speaks and the

listener listens.

One-way process where speakers only speak and never listen.

It also implies that listeners listen and never speakor send messages.

4. Techniques to improve active listening skills p.23

i. Paraphrasing the speakers message and ideas, using simpler words without changing

the meaning.

ii. Identifying your weaknesses, e.g. are you hearing-impaired, mentally unprepared, or

easily distracted?

iii. Preparing yourself mentally and physically to listen, using various listening strategies,e.g. the Memory Helper.

iv. Setting priorities, e.g. what are the important things you want to listen to?

5. Why we need good oral communication skills p.29

Make you a more effective communicator as you will be able to influence and persuade

people.

- Beneficial for you at a personal level as well as socially and professionally Building

Friendships- share information, thoughts, feelings, needs and intentions

Knowledge Acquisition acquire knowledge more effectively

Developing Workplace Competencies interacting with customers and suppliers

6. Roles of speaker and listener p.31

- ensuring that effective communication takes place, the speaker is the sender of the

message while the listener is the receiver.

(Camp & Satterwhite, 2002).

i. Evaluate the Situation is clear about his own views and interpretation of ideas andexperiences.

a. Avoid Miscommunication p.31

the intended message, actual message, and interpreted message are the same

b. Give and Receive Feedback observe signals given out by the listener and

asks questions p.31

c. Maintain Goodwill listener accepts and receives the speakers message with

an open mind

ii. Understand Needs fulfill your own needs as well as the needs of the receiver of yourmessage p.32

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iii.Use Interpersonal Skills

7. Techniques to help you develop good interpersonal skills p.33

Make You-Statements- you put the interests of your receiver

Have A Positive Attitude - developing good relationships with othersBe A Good Listener- listen intently, taking notes, paraphrasing and asking questions

Keep Things Confidential and knows the importance of keeping information confid

Be Considerate Treat people well

8. Interference in communication p.36

i. Physical interference-external and outside the control of both the speaker and

the receiver

ii. Physiological interference- physiological challenges on the part of the speaker

or the receiver

iii. Psychological interference- mental makeup of the receiver or sender,

iv. Semantic interference- include language, dialectal and cultural differences, the

speaker and listener operate on different meaning systems

9. Briefly explain the Interactive model of communication.

Interactive

i. the receiver or listener provides feedback to the sender or speaker.

ii. the speaker or sender of the message also listens to the feedback given by the receiver

or listener.

iii. Both the speaker and the listener take turns to speak and listen to each other.

iv. Feedback is given either verbally or non-verbally, or in both ways.

v. indicates that the speaker and listener communicate better if they have common fields

of experience, or fields which overlap.

10. Briefly explain the transactional model of communication.

- The elements in communication are interdependent.

- Each person in the communication act is both a speaker and a listener, and can be

simultaneously sending and receiving messages.

(i) Transactional means that communication is an ongoing and continuously

changing process.

(You, the people with whom you are communicating, and your environment are also

continually changing.)

(ii) Each element exists in relation to all the other elements. Interdependence as there

can be no source without a receiver and no message without a source.

(iii) Each person in the communication process reacts depending on factors such astheir background, prior experiences, attitudes, cultural beliefs and self-esteem.

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11. State the different forms of communication.

i. Intrapersonal Communication

-self-talk or a conversation within oneself under certain circumstances(for example,

when you need to make an important decision or learn something about yourself).

- a form of thinking that goes on inside us which relies on language to express itself. (It

is similar to the Shakespearean soliloquy where the character in question engages in

self-talk to reflect on events that have transpired).

- increases self-awareness and mindfulness, and hones critical thinking skills.

ii. Interpersonal Communication p.13

- communication between several people.

- range from the impersonal to the very personal.

iii. Impersonal communication p.13

- when you talk with a person you do not really care about

- there is often a coldness or an indifference in your attitude when you engage in this

kind of communication.

iv. Social communication p.13

- engage in niceties with people you meet in a social context.

- most personal type of communication occurs with people who are close to you.

- Takes place face to face as well as through electronic channels like video-

conferencing, chat rooms, e-mail and Twitter.

v. Small Group Communication p.14

- takes place in a group

- serves relationship needs (like companionship, family bonding and affection or

support) as well as task-based needs, for example, deciding on disciplinary action or

resolving conflict in the workplace.

- small groups In academic institutions for study discussions or work collaboratively

on projects.

- learn to exchange ideas, solve problems and share experiences.

vi. Public Communication p.14

- Involves communication between a speaker and an audience.

- audience from just a few people to thousands or even millions of people.

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- The aim of the speaker is usually to inform or to persuade the audience to act, buy, or

think in a certain way.

vii. Mass Communication p.15

- sent out from a source to many receivers all over the world.- takes place through media like films, radio, videos and television.

- modern avenues of mass communication like the Internet and blogs as information is

disseminated instantly.

viii. Corporate Communication p.15

- among members of an organisation, within that organisation. Interacting in teams,

conferencing with co-workers, talking with a supervisor or manager, giving

employees

- Involves explanations and directions, interviewing and making presentations

- Effective corporate communication skills enhance corporate image and impact

positively on morale, commitment, and productivity in corporations.

ix. Intercultural Communication p.15

- between people of diverse cultures and ethnicity.

- The world as a global village and every country has people of various ethnicities.

- note differences in the communication practices of different cultures to maintain

intercultural harmony and understanding.

12. List the components of effective listening.

i. Receiving/listening

ii. Understanding

iii. Remembering

iv. Evaluating

v. Responding

13. What is the difference between regulative and constitutive rules?- when, where, how and with whom to have a conversation (eg turn-taking when talking

with someone.)

- define what communication means by showing the meaning of symbols used in

communication.

14. Briefly explain active and passive listening.

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way?

viii. I hate to see this but

you are right.

18. Explain how a person can build confidence in Public Speaking

i. Change the way you think by being positive, plan thoroughly and visualize

positively.

ii. Systematic desensitisation by focusing on reducing physical symptoms and being

more relaxed.

iii. Skills training that is training in public speaking, teaching you to organise ideas,

prepare and deliver speeches

iv. Relaxation techniques by breathing and exhaling slowly

iv. Gain experience in public speaking.

19. Briefly explain the types of persuasive speech

Persuasive speech influences listeners attitudes, behaviours, beliefs or values, change,

strengthen or weaken. The types of Persuasive Speech arei. Facts which are based on evidence,

ii. Values, what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust, good or evil.

iii. Policy about rules and procedures to be followed

20. What is the function of the Informative Speech and what are the types of

informative speech?

- Increase learners knowledge, understanding or abilities

a. Types of informative speech

i. Instruction teach learners to do a certain task

ii. Demonstration perform certain task

iii. Explanation explanation for occurrence

iv. Description - details of a place, object or occurrence

v. Briefing summarise information that the speaker

wants to share with the listeners

vi. Reporting detailed information of certain topics

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21. When is it suitable to use the Argumentative Speech and list down the type of

argumentative speech?

- Deal with conflicting opinions and beliefs

- Reaching conclusions through logical reasoning based

on evidence

Eg civil debates, dialogues, etc

22. Types of Argumentative Speech

i. Debate and Negotiation

ii. Eristic Dialogue-victory over the opposition is the main

objective

iii. Legal Debate- court of law through argument

iv. Tournament debate competitive debates between

schools and colleges

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201012100912539 dec revision for oral communication

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