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SYLLABUS OF 1ST

YEAR BIOTECHNOLOGY (ADD-ON/ ELECTIVE) 2010-2011

PAPER A : INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY

M. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

Set nine questions in all in three sections. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A will cover Unit I & IISet 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section B will cover Unit III & IVSet 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section C will be compulsory and will have 7 10 short answer type (not objective type)questions covering the whole syllabus.

UNIT- I

General Introduction: Definition & History From Biology to Biotechnology

Scope and importance : Emergence of Modern Biotechnology and its promises in agriculture,

medicine and environmental

Regulatory issues in Biotechnology : Biosafety in developed & developing countries;

UNIT- II

Basic Techniques in Biotechnology:

Centrifugation: theory and its application to biological system

Spectrometry: (Principals & applications of UV, VIS, IR, fluorescence in boligical system

Microscopy. : Principal, & working of various microscopesChromatography: Principles, TLC, gel permeation ionexchange,

Lypholization: theory applications.

UNIT -III

Role of Computers in Biotechnology : Introduction to Computers, various devices, memory and

application.

Role of Statistics: various basic programmes in the use of computers.

UNIT- IV

Fundamentals, of statistics: Data types, collection and representation of data, mean, median, mode,measure of dispersion.

Probability definition, addition and multiplication theorms, Bayes Theorm

References:

1. Modern concepts of Biotechnology. (2003) H.D. Kumar. Vikas Publishing House

2. Understanding Biotechnology. (2004) Aluizio Boren, Paricio R. Santos, David E. Bowen.

Pearson Education.3. Biotechnology (1997) Keshav Trehan.

4. Biotechnology an introduction. Susan R. Barnum, Thomas Brooks/Cole.

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PAPER - B : FOUNDATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

M. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

Set nine questions in all in three sections. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A will cover Unit I & IISet 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted Section B will cover Unit III & IV

Set 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section C will be compulsory and will have 7 10 short answer type (not objective type)questions covering the whole syllabus.

UNIT-I

BASIC CELL BIOLOGY

Cell as a basic unit of living systems: The Cell Theory, Precellular evolution: artificial creation ofcells.

Introduction for Structure and function of cell organelles: Ultrastructure of cell membrane, cytosol,

golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth), ribosomes, cytoskeletal structures (actin,

microtubules etc.), mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, peroxysomes and vacuoles, Nucleus

(nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, chromatin).

Cell motility (amoeboid, flagellar and ciliar).

Cell senescence and death.

Cell division & Cell cycle

UNIT-II

Introduction to genetics: Mendel revised chromosomal theory of inheritance, chromosome structure

& functions: chromosome banding, Introduction to genomics and proteomics.

UNIT-III

MICROBIOLOGY

History of Microbiology.

Classification of Microbes, Taxonomy, current methods of microbial identification, characteristicfeatures of Eubacteria, archaebacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and Viruses.

Nature of the microbial cell surface: Gram positive and gram negative bacteria, flagella, pili, cellinclusions, endospore, growth curve, microbial metabolism and growth, synchronized and

continuous growth.

Nutritional classification of micro-organisms: microbes in extreme environments the thermophilesand alkalophiles.

A survey of products from microorganisms.

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UNIT-IV

BASIC BIOCHEMISTRY

General properties of organic & inorganic compounds.

Suitability of organic compounds for generation of structure, storage of energy & information.

Structure & Functions of Biomolecules Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids

Enzymes - Classification, nomenclature, general properties, regulation of enzyme activity. Steady

state kinetics.

Applications in industries. Enzymes in food processing, medicine, diagnostics and production of

new compounds.

Enzymes as research tools ELISA methods, immobilized enzymes.

1. Molecular Biology of Cells by Watson, J. Alberts, Bet al. (2004)2. The World of the cell by Becker, Smith & Hardin 2007, Pearson Education.3.

Biology, concept and application by Starr (2006) Pearson Education.

4. Microbiology Pelczar & Shamier, Pearscott5. Principles of Biochemistry A.L. Lehninger, Nelson & Cox. (2004)6. Biochemistry by L. Stryer7. Biochemistry by Zubay, G. 1993, W.C. Brown Publishers.8. Biochemistry by, Voet, D and Voet, J.G.PRACTICAL TECHNIQUES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY M.Marks: 50

1. Experiments on isolation of microbes spread plates, pour plates, and staining (simple,differential, gram), count of microbes (standard plate count).

2. Isolation of microorganisms from air, water and soils, samples, dilution and pour plating.3. Personal hygiene-Microbes from hands, tooth scum and other body parts.4. Testing of Microbiology qualities of milk and water.5. Extraction and separation of lipids.6. Estimation of proteins.7. Estimation of DNA/RNA.8. Isolation and purification of Proteins.9. Chromatographic methods for separation of amino acids, lipids.10.Measurement of size by ocular micrometer.11.Estimation of sugar12.Chromosome studies from tests & human chromosome studies

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UNIT-IV

Major Histo-compatibility complex (MHC), MHC restriction, regulation.

Antigen presentation and processing antigen presenting cells, cell mediated subset of T-cells, helper

and suppressor cells.

Cell mediated and humoral immunity, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, natural killercells.

Immunological Techniques: Immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis.

References:

1. Immunology (2006) J. Kuby2. Essentials of Immunology I.Roitt Edition (2004)3. Immunology : An Introduction I.R. Tizard4. A handbook of practical Immunology G.P. Talwar5. Principles of Genes manipulation by R.W. Old and S.B. Primrose6. Gene cloning by T.A. Brown (2004)7. Gene VIII, B. Lewin, (2004)8. Genes to Genomes (2004)9. Fundamentals of Genetic Engineering (Vol.12) by R.H. Rehm and G. Reed.

PAPER B: FUNDAMENTALS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETICS

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

M. Marks: 75

Time: 3 HoursInstructions for paper setters and candidates

Set nine questions in all in three sections. All questions carry equal marks. Section A will cover Unit I & II

Set 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section B will cover Unit III & IVSet 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section C will be compulsory and will have 7 10 short answer type (not objective type)questions covering the whole syllabus.

UNIT-IMolecular basis of life

Structure of DNA, evidences, properties, types.

DNA replication both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

DNA recombination molecular mechanism prokaryotic and eukaryotic,

Insertion elements and Transposons.

Structure of Prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes.

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UNIT-II

Transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Post translation modifications.

UNIT-III

Prokaryotic gene expression (Lac, His trp operons, catabolic repression)

Eukaryotic gene expression and transcription factors.

UNIT-IV

Mutations:- Types, chemical and physical mutagens, induced mutations in plants, animal and

microbes and their importance.

Stem cell biology

Reference:

Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology (1994) S.J. Kendrew.

Molecular Cell Biology by Lodish et al (2004) Freeman & Co.

Molecular Biology of the genes by Watson et al, 5th

Ed., (2006) Pearson Edu.

Biochemistry by Voet & Voet 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd., New York.

PRACTICAL IMMUNOLOGY AND RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNIQUES

M.Marks :50

Preparation of normal serum and plasma

ELISA

To determine the WBC/RBC Count.

Radial immunodifussion analysis.

Diagnosis of an infectious disease by an Immuno assay.

Purification of antibodies.

Agglutination reaction

Isolation of chromosomal and plasmid DNA from Bacteria

Restriction digestion of DNA

Cytological Preparations:

Fixation, Dehydration & Staining

Squash in stain

Embedding & sectionings

Cell counting methods

Agarose gel electrophoresis

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SYLLABUS OF B.SC. 3RD

YEAR BIOTECHNOLOGY (ADD-ON) (2010-2011)

PAPER A : PLANT & ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

M. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

Set nine questions in all in three sections. All questions carry equal marks. Section A will cover Unit I & II

Set 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted Section B will cover Unit III & IV

Set 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section C will be compulsory and will have 7 10 short answer type (not objective type)questions covering the whole syllabus.

PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

Introduction to in vitro methods : Micropropagation ovule & ovary culture, embryo culture,

endosperm culture, somatic embryogenesis & organogenesis, , somaclonal & gametoclonalvariations, haploids & their applications.

Protoplast isolation, methods, testing their viability & regeneration, various methods of fusion:

somatic hybridization & their applications.

UNIT-II

Direct and indirect transformation of plants. Tumor formation in plant using Agrobacteriumtumefaciens. Mechanism of T-DNA transfer to plants, plasmid vectors for plant transformation.

Genetic manipulation of plants for virus resistance, pest resistance, herbicide tolerance, resistance to

fungi and bacteria.

UNIT-III

ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction to animal cell cultures

Requirement (laboratory equipment, media etc. primary and secondary culture cell lines)

Anchorage dependence and contact inhibition.

Contamination & remedial measures

Monolayer and suspension cultures.

Cryopreservation and germplasm storage.Establishment of gene banks.

Cytodifferentation culturing of differentiation cells and retention of properties

Large scale production of animal cell in culture.

Transformation of animal cells. Transgenesis, applications of transgenic animal,

Bioharmacy stem cells : their applications in biology & medicine cloning : Procedure, applications

& problems.

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PAPER B: ENVIRONMENTAL & FERMENTATION BIOTECHNOLOGY

M. Marks: 75

Time: 3 Hours

Instructions for paper setters and candidates

Set nine questions in all in three sections. All questions carry equal marks.

Section A will cover Unit I & IISet 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section B will cover Unit III & IVSet 2 questions from each unit and any 2 is to be attempted

Section C will be compulsory and will have 7 10 short answer type (not objective type)questions covering the whole syllabus.

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

Introduction to Environment.

Renewable and Non Renewable resources. Conventional Fuels and their Environmental Impacts.Modern Fuels and their Environmental Impacts.

Methanogenic bacteria and biogas, microbial hydrogen production, conversion of sugars to ethanol,

The gasohol experiment, solar energy, converters Hopes from the Photosynthetic pigments.

Treatment of municipal waste and industrial effluents.

UNIT-II

Degradation of pesticides and other toxic chemicals by microorganism.

Biodegradation of organic compounds.

Bacillin thuringiensis Toxin as a Natural Pesticide.

Biological control of other insects swarming the agricultural fields.

Enrichment of ores by microorganisms.

Biofertilizers Nitrogen fixing microorganism enrich the soil with assimilable nitrogen

FERMENTATION BIOTECHNOLOGY

UNIT-III

Isolation and screening of microbes of industrial importance.

Strain Improvement : mutations and genetic manipulations.

Metabolites: Primary and secondary metabolic designs (expansion of substrate spectrum, productyield, redesigning of secondary metabolic pathways.) Preservation of microbes.

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Introduction to fermentation processes: Inoculum development for industrial fermentation.Substrates for fermentation media.

Sterilization: Principles and practices; fermenters and its accessories, fermentation media.

Types of industrial fermentations: Submerged, surface, continuous, bubble, cap bed batch etc.

UNIT-IV

Fermentation equipment : Design of fermenters, tank construction materials, control panels,antifoams, autoclaving.

Energetic of microbial growth in fermenters : Reaction rates, heat and mass transfer, transportphenomenon in reactors, macroscopic balances of energy and energy flow.

Upstream and downstream processing of industrial fermentations,

Cell disruptions, centrifugation, flocculation, filtration, ultrafiliteration, untracentrifugation, gel

filtration, chromatographic methods, and two phase aqueous separations.

Immobilization of cells and enzymes.

Hygiene and safety in a fermentation laboratory.

PRAC TICAL PLANT AND ANIMAL TISSUE CULTURE PRACTICAL

M. Marks: 50

1. Initiating Plant Tissue culture2. Growth of plant cells into undifferentiated mass by manipulation of media3. Embryogenesis in cultured cells4. Initiation of cell suspension culture5. Micropropagation: Plant multiplication and rooting6. Preparation of Hanks Balanced Salt Solution7. Preparation of Minimal Essential Growth Medium8. Isolation of Lymphocytes by Ficoll paque9. DNA isolation from Blood Sample10. To determine the pH of garden soil by pH meter11. To study soil texture, water holding capacity of soil12. Qualitative analysis of soil, water, food sample, etc.13. Collection & Culturing of Microbes from some polluted spot and see their microbial

activity

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