2010 science fair workshop
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20102010
American SchoolAmerican SchoolScience FairScience Fair
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Scientific MethodScientific Method
What is the scientific method?
It is a step by step process that
scientists use to help solveproblems and test new ideas.
Who can use the scientific
method?
Anyone including you!
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Scientific MethodScientific Method Define theproblemor question.
Gather information or research.
Form a hypothesis.
Experiment using materials and aprocedure .
Make observations and analyzedata and results.
State a conclusion.
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ProblemProblem We need to pick something to do
our project on - (Topic) It HAS TO BE A QUESTION!!
-SPECIFIC QUESTIONS
-NOT SOMETHING YOU ALREADY
KNOW THE ANSWER TO!
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ResearchResearch
What if the tissue used isnt verystrong?
Are more expensive tissues stronger
because they cost more?What make a tissue strong?
Which brand of tissue is the
strongest?
Since it is flu season, we know thateveryone is being very careful about germs.We can observe our classmates sneezing,coughing, and blowing their noses. These
questions might come into our heads:
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Problem: TissueProblem: Tissue
StrengthStrength
KleenexDr. FreshScotts
Which facial tissue brandis the strongest?
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ResearchResearchEach one of these sets of facial tissues come in a different
container and contain a different amount of tissues.
Both the Dr. Fresh and Scotts brand are 2-ply or doublelayered. The Kleenex brand has 3 layers so we mustremove 1 layer to keep them the all two layers.
Dont forget to tell where the research came from(Bibliography page).http://www.kleenex.com/NA/About/Default.aspx
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HypothesisHypothesis This is what you think will happen in your
experiment before you do it!
An educatedGUESS using prior knowledge
- THIS MUST BE TESTABLE!
- SOMETHING YOU CAN PROVE:TRUE (right) OR FALSE (wrong).
Example:
I think/ I believe that the ___ brand of facial tissuewill be the strongest.
I think that because _______________________.
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ExperimentExperiment
Now we have our question and ourhypothesis, we need a way to test
it. To prove whether we are wrongor right.
We need to develop a prodecure
and a list ofmaterials.
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MaterialsMaterials
This is a list of all the things youused during your experiment.
Be sure to includequantities/amounts Examples: 10drops, 5 mL, 6 pairs
DONT include items you used foryour display board!
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ProcedureProcedure
This is the What to do? part
Step by step instructions on how
you did your experiment
Examples:
First ISecond I
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Data/ResultsData/Results
This is what you discovered during theexperiment. What you saw or observed
happen and what you wrote down.Use a chart, graph, table or picture to
display this.
Be sure to report the results correctly(just the way you recorded them)!
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Bar GraphsBar Graphs
1. Title: Give your chart a name (ex.Facial Tissue Strength)
2. X- axis (horizontal line): Brands and
Trails3. Y- axis (vertical line): Number of
Marbles
4. Plot points on the chart using the data
you recorded.5. Draw a bar that extends out to your
plotted point.
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ConclusionConclusion
This is the Now what do youthink? part.
You should use your data/results toexplain if your hypothesis wasright or wrong.
Its okay if got different resultsthan you expected!
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Other Important PartsOther Important Parts
Purpose
Constants
Variables
Retest
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PurposePurpose
This is basically yourproblem/question rephrased as a
statement.Answer the following questions:
- Why did I do my project?
- What was the point of it?
- Why is it important to me?
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Constants andConstants and
VariablesVariablesConstants -The parts of the
experiment that stay the same
every time (with each trial).Variable - This is something that
you do, that you expect will affect
the result of your experiment.
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Examples for ourExamples for our
ExperimentExperiment
Constants:
Plastic cup
Number of water dropsRubber band
Marbles
Variables:Brand of facial Tissue
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RetestRetestMany times scientists find out that their
hypothesis is wrong and they learn evenmore from being wrong than right.
They have to go back and retest using adifferent variable to see if they get thedesired results.
What could we do to our experiment to getbetter or more desirable results?
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Display Board TipsDisplay Board Tips Come up with a simple and
creative title. Title should be front and
center at the top. Headings should be large
and easy to read. If possible type or use
stencils (otherwise writevery neatly)!
Used color paper to mountyour written sections ifyour display board is white.
Dont use too many colors ortypes of fonts.
Use as many pictures,charts, tables, and graphs asyou can.
Plan out where you want toplace things before you gluethem down.
Rubber Cement works betterthan regular glue especially
if you have to move partsaround.