2010 chapter 7 early africa

8/8/2019 2010 Chapter 7 Early Africa

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The Salt MinesThe Salt Mines

Ibn BattutaIbn Battuta


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Africa and Its PeoplesAfrica and Its Peoples


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Rain Forest

Desert

Mild zone

Savanah

AFRICA HAS FOUR ZONESAFRICA HAS FOUR ZONES

OF CLIMATEOF CLIMATE


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CH. 7AfricaCH. 7Africa


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2 Early Civilizations:

1.Kush2.Axum


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Emerging Civilization andthe Rise of Islam

A busy trade in ivory,A busy trade in ivory,

ebony, frankincense, andebony, frankincense, andleopard skins betweenleopard skins betweenEgypt and KushEgypt and Kush to itssouth developed by 2000B.C.

About 7 to 8 thousandyears ago, the mastery of

farminggave rise tofarminggave rise tothe first civilizationsthe first civilizations

in Africa: Egypt,in Africa: Egypt,Kush, and AxumKush, and Axum.


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Early African Civilizations


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Emerging Civilization andthe Rise of Islam(cont.)

The Kushites returnedto their original lands.

In 750 B.C., thetheKushitesKushites conqueredconqueredEgypt, but theEgypt, but theAssyriansAssyrians, whose ironweapons overmatchedthe bronze and stone ofthe Kushites, drovedrove

them out ofEgypt.them out ofEgypt.

MaxExtent ofKush Control


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It provided iron,iron,

ivory, gold, ebony,ivory, gold, ebony,and slaves to theand slaves to theRoman EmpireRoman Empire,Arabia, and India inreturn for such luxurygoods as jewelry andsilver lamps.

Kush was a majortradingKush was a majortradingempire forseveral hundredempire forseveral hundredyears.years.



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Then a new power, Axum,caused Kushs decline.

Axum was founded by acolony of Arabs in what is

now Ethiopia. In the fourthcentury A.D., KingEzana ofAxum conquered Kush.


(pages 225226)(pages 225226)

Axum prospered because it

was located on the Red Seaand the trading routebetween India and theMediterranean.


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Axumite civilizations mostdistinctive feature was itsreligion.

AboutA.D. 330, KingKingEzana converted toEzana converted toChristianityChristianity, and hemade it the official

religion of Axum.

Shipwrecked Syrianshad introduced

Christianity to Axum.

Within a few centuries,Islam brought importantchallenges to thekin dom of Axum.


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Next great tradingNext great tradingcivilizations thatcivilizations that

emerged in West Africa:emerged in West Africa:

1.1.GhanaGhana2.2.MaliMali

3.3.SonghaiSonghai


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(pages 228230)(pages 228230)

As early asA.D. 500,

GhanaGhanathe first of the greatthe first of the greatWest African trading statesWest African trading statesemerged in the Niger Rivervalley grasslands betweenthe Sahara and the tropicalforest along the coast.

The Kingdoms ofGhana, Mali, Songhai


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The kingdom of Ghana, weakenedby wars, collapsed during the

1100s. The greatest trading statethat arose in its place was Mali,which Sundiata Keita establishedin the mid-thirteenth century.


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The great trade empires ofWest Africa grew out of thevarious vegetation zones and the products they produced.

For example, yams were better suited to one area,grazing animalsto another.

How

would thesedifferencesaccount forgrowth in trade?

Analyzing Maps and Charts

People traded forthings theydesired but couldnot produce.


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Lifestyle of Early Africans For most Africans, family and

ancestral relationships wereparamount.

Slavery was practiced, andwomen were usuallysubordinate to men.

However, lineage was basedon the mother matrilineal

Education was provided bymothers and griots werestorytellers (historians) thatwere passed fromgeneration to generationthrough music.


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Click the mouse button or press theSpace Bar to display the answers.

The author is unknown.

Wisdom, or learning,cannot be purchased withmoney. It requires study.

Some things or peoplenever change.

Crocodiles werenative animals ofWest Africa.

2010 chapter 7 early africa

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