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List of physics terms SMK Bandar Tasik

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LIST OF PHYSICS TERMS_GRAB ITAND A IS WAITING 4 U

CHAPTER ONE (INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS )

ITEM MEANING / DEFINITIONPhysical quantity

Kuantiti fizik

A quantity that can be measured

Kuantiti yang boleh diukur

Base quantity

Kuantiti asas

A physical quantity that cannot be defined in terms of other physical

quantities

Kuantiti fizik yang tidak dapat ditakrifkan dalam sebutan kuantiti fizik

yang lain

Derived quantity

Kuantiti terbitan

A physical quantity that is derived by combining base quantities. This

can be done by multiplication or division or both.

Kuantiti fizik yang dihasilkan daripada gabungan kuantiti asas secara

pendaraban atau pembahagian atau kedua-duanya

Precision /Consistency

Kepersisan

A measurement is more consistent when there is a smaller deviationamong the readings.

Suatu pengukuran adalah lebih konsisten apabila terdapat sisihan

yang kecil antara bacaan-bacaan

Accuracy

Kejituan

The accuracy of a measurement is how close the measurement is to the

actual value of the quantity being measured.

A measurement is more accurate when the reading is closer to the

actual value

Suatu pengukuran adalah lebih jitu apabila bacaan itu lebih hampir

kepada nilai sebenar

Sensitivity

Kepekaan

The ability of an instrument to detect small changes in the physical

quantity that is measuredKebolehan alat mengesan perubahan kecil pada kuantiti yang diukur.

Error

Ralat

The difference between the reading obtained and the actual value

Perbezaan antara bacaan yang diperoleh dan nilai sebenar

Systematic error

Ralat sistematik

A systematic error is an experimental error that will produce readings

which are either always higher or always lower than the actual value

that is being measured.

Ralat sistematik ialah ralat eksperimen yang akan menghasilkan

bacaan-bacaan yang sama ada sentiasa lebih besar atau sentiasa lebih

kecil daripada nilai sebenar yang sedang diukur.

Random errorRalat rawak A random error is caused by uncertainties in a measurement that willproduce readings that could be higher or lower than the actual value

that is being measured.

Ralat rawak adalah disebabkan oleh ketakpastian dalam suatu

pengukuran yang akan menghasilkan bacaan-bacaan yang lebih tinggi

atau lebih kecil daripada nilai sebenar.

Parallax error

Ralat paralaks

Is a random error which occurs when the eye of the observer is not

directly above the scale of the instrument, causing the line of sight to

be not perpendicular to the scale

Ialah ralat rawak yang berlaku apabila mata pemerhati tidak tegak di

atas skala alat pengukur, menyebabkan garis penglihatan tidak

serenjang dengan skala ituZero error Is a systematic error where the instrument does not show zero reading

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ITEM MEANING / DEFINITION

Ralat sifar when it is not taking a measurement.

Ialah ralat sistematik di mana alat itu tidak menunjukkan bacaan sifar

semasa tidak membuat pengukuran

Manipulated variablePembolehubah

dimanipulasikan

A physical quantity which you control and change for the purpose ofinvestigation in an experiment

Kuantiti fizik yang dikawal atau diubah untuk tujuan menjalankan

penyiasatan dalam suatu eksperimen

Responding variable

Pembolehubah

bergerakbalas

A physical quantity which changes in response to changes to the

manipulated variable

Kuantiti fizik yang yang berubah disebabkan oleh perubahan kepada

pembolehubah dimanipulasikan

Fixed variable

Pembolehubah

dimalarkan

A physical quantity which is kept constant throughout the experiment

Kuantiti fizik yang dikekalkan malar sepanjang eksperimen

CHAPTER TWO (FORCES AND MOTION)


Linear motion

Gerakan linear

Motion along a straight line

Gerakan sepanjang satu garis lurus

Scalar quantity

Kuantiti skalar

A physical quantity which has only magnitude

Kuantiti fizik yang mempunyai magnitud sahaja

Vector quantity

Kuantiti vektor

A physical quantity which has both magnitude and direction

Kuantiti yang mempunyai magnitud dan arah

VelocityHalaju The rate of change of displacementKadar perubahan sesaran

Speed

Laju

The rate of change of distance

Kadar perubahan jarak

Acceleration

Pecutan

The rate of change of velocity

Kadar perubahan halaju

Distance

Jarak

The total length of the path travelled

Jumlah panjang lintasan yang dilalui

Displacement

Sesaran

Displacement is the shortest distance from one point to another point

along a specific direction

Jarak terpendek dari satu titik ke titik yang lain mengikut satu arah

tertentuInertia The tendency of an object to resist change to its state of rest or motion.

Sifat semulajadi sesuatu objek yang menentang perubahan kepada

keadaan asalnya sama ada pegun atau bergerak

Newtons First law

Hukum Pertama

Newton

An object will remain at rest or motion with uniform velocity along a

straight line unless it is acted upon by an external force.

Suatu objek akan berada dalam keadaan pegun atau gerakan dengan

halaju seragam sepanjang garis lurus kecuali dikenakan satu daya

luar

Newtons Second law

Hukum Kedua

Newton

The net force on an object is proportional to the rate of change in

momentum.

Daya bersih pada suatu objek berkadar terus dengan kadar perubahanmomentum

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Newtons Third law

Hukum Ketiga

Newton

To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Bagi setiap tindakan terdapat satu tindakbalas yang mempunyai

magnitud yang sama dan bertindak pada arah yang bertentangan.

MomentumMomentum

The product of mass and velocity of an objectHasil darab jisim dengan halaju bagi suatu objek

Principle of

conservation of

momentum

Prinsip keabadian

momentum

The total momentum of a system is constant if no external forces act on

the system.

Jumlah momentum suatu system adalah tetap jika tiada daya bertindak

pada sistem itu.

Force

Daya

A push or a pull that can change the size, shape or velocity of an

object.

Suatu tolakan atau tarikan yang boleh mengubah saiz, bentuk atau

halaju suatu objek

ImpulseImpuls

Change of momentum.Perubahan momentum

Impulsive force

Daya impuls

A large force that acts for a short period of time during a collision or

explosion

Daya yang besar yang bertindak untuk masa yang pendek semasa

suatu perlanggaran atau letupan

Weight

Berat

The force of gravity which is exerted on it by earth.

Daya tindakan gravity ke atas suatu jasad.

Mass

Jisim

The amount of matter in the object.

Jumlah kuantiti jirim di dalam suatu objek.

Free fall

Jatuh bebas

Free fall occurs when an object falling under the force of gravity only

without being affected by any other external forces.

Jatuh bebas berlaku apabila suatu objek jatuh disebabkan oleh daya

gravity sahaja tanpa kesan daripada sebarang daya luar.

Work

Kerja

The product of force and the displacement along the direction of the

force

Hasil darab daya dengan sesaran dalam arah daya itu.

Energy

Tenaga

The capacity to do work.

Keupayaan melakukan kerja.

Gravitational field

Medan graviti

The region in which an object experiences a force due to gravitational

attraction.

Kawasan di mana suatu objek mengalami daya yang disebabkan olehtarikan graviti

Potential energy

Tenaga keupayaan

The energy of an object because of its position.

Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh suatu objek disebabkan oleh kedudukannya.

Elastic potential

energy

Tenaga keupayaan

kenyal

The energy of an object when it is stretched or compressed

Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh objek yang diregang atau dimampat

Kinetic energy

Tenaga kinetik

The energy of an object due to its motion

Tenaga yang dimiliki oleh suatu jasad disebabkan oleh gerakannya.

The principle of

conservation ofenergy

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can be transformed from one

form to another, but the total energy in a closed system is constant.Tenaga tidak boleh dicipta atau dimusnahkan tetapi boleh berubah

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Prinsip keabadian

momentum

bentuk ke bentuk yang lain. Jumlah tenaga di dalam suatu system

tertutup adalah tetap.

Power

Kuasa

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

Kadar melakukan kerja atau pemindahan tenaga.Elasticity

Kekenyalan

The property of an object that enables it to return to its original shape

and dimensions (size) after an applied external force is removed.

Keupayaan bahan untuk kembali ke bentuk dan saiz asalnya apabila

tindakan daya yang dikenakan dialihkan.

Hookes law

Hukum Hooke

The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the stretching force

provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.

Pemanjangan spring adalah berkadar terus dengan daya regangan

dengan syarat had kenyal tidak dilampaui.

Elastic limit

Had kenyal

The elastic limit of a spring is the maximum stretching force which can

be applied to the spring before it ceases to be elastic.

Had kenyal suatu spring adalah daya maksimum yang boleh dikenakanpada spring itu sebelum ia hilang kekenyalannya.

Force constant (spring

constant)

Pemalar daya

(pemalar spring)

The force constant of a spring is the force per unit extension.

Pemalar daya spring ialah daya per unit pemanjangan

CHAPTER THREE (FORCES AND PRESSURE)


Pressure

Tekanan

The force acting perpendicularly on unit area of a surface.

Daya yang bertindak secara normal pada seunit luas permukaan

Atmospheric Pressure

Tekanan Atmosfera

The pressure which is caused by the weight of the thick layer of air

(atmosphere) above the earths surface.

Tekanan yang disebabkan oleh lapisan tebal udara di atas permukaan

bumi.

Archimedes principle

Prinsip Archimedes

An object that is completely or partially immersed in a fluid is acted on

by a buoyant force which is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

Objek yang direndam atau separa rendam dalam suatu bendalir akan

dikenakan oleh satu daya julangan yang sama dengan berat bendalir

yang tersesar oleh jasad itu.

Bernoullis principlePrinsip Bernoulli

In a steady flow of a fluid, the pressure of the fluid decreases when thevelocity of the fluid increases.

Dalam suatu pengaliran bendalir yang mantap, tekanan bendalir itu

berkurang apabila laju pengaliran bertambah.

Pascal's principle

Prinsip Pascal

The pressure applied on the surface of an enclosed liquid is transmitted

uniformly throughout the liquid

Tekanan yang dikenakan pada permukaan suatu cecair akan

dipindahkan dengan seragam ke seluruh cecair.

Law of flotation

Hukum apungan

The weight of an object floating on the surface of a liquid is equal to

the weight of the liquid displaced by the object.

Berat objek yang terapung adalah sama dengan berat cecair yang

disesarkanHydrometer An instrument that measures the relative density of liquids.

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Hidrometer Alat untuk mengukur ketumpatan relatif cecair.

CHAPTER FOUR (HEAT)


Temperature

Suhu

The degree of hotness of an object

Darjah kepanasan suatu objek.

Heat

Haba

Energy transferred from hot object to a colder object.

Tenaga yang dipindahkan dari objek yang panas ke objek yang lebih

sejuk.

Thermal equilibrium

Keseimbangan terma

Two objects are in thermal equilibrium when the net rate of heat

transfer between them is zero.

Dua objek berada dalam keseimbangan terma apabila tiada

pemindahan bersih haba antaranya

Heat capacity

Muatan haba

The heat capacity of an object is the quantity of heat energy required to

increase its temperature by 1oC.

Muatan haba adalah kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untukmenaikkan

suhu objek itu sebanyak 1oC.

Specific heat capacity

Muatan haba tentu

The quantity of heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1

kg of the substance by 1 oC or 1 K.

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menaikkan suhu 1 kg bahan

sebanyak 1 C atau 1 K.Latent heat

Haba pendam

The heat absorbed or the heat released at constant temperature during a

change of phase.

Haba yang diserap atau dikeluarkan pada suhu yang malar semasa

perubahan fasa.

Specific latent heat

Haba pendam tentu

The amount of heat energy required to change the phase of 1 kg of the

substance at a constant temperature.

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk mengubah

1 kg bahan dari satu keadaan fizikal ke keadaan yang lain.

Specific latent heat of

fusion

Haba pendam tentupelakuran

The quantity of heat energy required to change 1 kg of the substance

from solid to liquid without a change in temperature.

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk mengubah1 kg bahan dari pepejal ke cecair tanpa perubahan suhu.

Specific latent heat of

vaporisation

Haba pendam tentu

pengewapan

The quantity of heat energy required to change 1 kg of the substance

from liqiud to gas without a change in temperature.

Kuantiti haba yang diperlukan untuk menggubah

1 kg bahan dari cecair ke gas tanpa perubahan suhu.

Boiling

Pendidihan

A process where a liquid changes to vapour at a constant temperature

known as the boiling point.

Proses di mana cecair berubah menjadi wap pada suhu tetap yang

dikenali sebagai takat didih.

Boyles law

Hukum Boyle

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its

volume provided the temperature of the gas is kept constant.

Tekanan bagi suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar songsang dengan isipadu

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apabila suhu adalah tetap.

Charles Law

Hukum Charles

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its

absolute temperature provided the pressure of the gas is kept constant.

Isipadu suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar terus dengan suhu mutlaknyaapabila tekanan gas itu dikekalkan tetap

Pressure law

Hukum Tekanan

The pressure of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its

absolute temperature provided the volume of the gas is kept constant.

Tekanan suatu jisim tetap gas berkadar terus dengan suhu mutlaknya

apabila isipadu gas itu dikekalkan tetap

CHAPTER FIVE (LIGHT)


Reflection of light

Pantulan cahaya

Reflection of light occurs when a light ray is incident on a mirror and

changes its direction of propagation

Pantulan cahaya berlaku apabila suatu sinar cahaya ditujukan pada

suatu cermin dan arah perambatannya berubah

Laws of reflection

Hukum pantulan

cahaya

1 The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of

incidence all lie in the same plane.

2 The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

1 Sinar tuju, sinar pantulan dan garis normal di titik tuju berada

pada satah yang sama.

2 Sudut tuju sama dengan sudut pantulan

Refraction of light

Pembiasan cahaya

The change of direction of propagation light when it crosses the

boundary between two materials of different optical densities.Perubahan arah perambatan sinar cahaya apabila sinar itu melintasi

sempadan antara dua medium dengan ketumpatan optik yang

berlainan.

Laws of refraction

Hukum pembiasan

1 The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal at the point of

incidence all lie in the same plane.

2 Snell's law : The ratio (sin i) / (sin r) is a constant.

1 Sinar tuju, sinar biasan dan garis normal di titik tuju berada

pada satah yang sama.

2 Nisbah (sin i) / (sin r) adalah suatu pemalar

Apparent depthDalam ketara

The distance of the image formed by refraction from the surface of thewater.

Jarak dari permukaan air ke imej yang dibentuk oleh pembiasan

Real depth

Dalam nyata

The distance of the object from the surface of the water.

Jarak dari permukaan air ke objek

Total internal

reflection

Pantulan dalam

penuh

Total internal reflection occurs when light travelling in a denser

medium towards a less dense medium is totally reflected when the

angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle

Pantulan dalam penuh berlaku apabila cahaya yang merambat dalammedium yang lebih tumpat kea rah medium yang kurang tumpat

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dipantul sepenuhnya apabila sudut tuju melebihi sudut genting

Critical angle

Sudut genting

The angle of incidence in the optically denser medium for which the

angle of refraction in the less dense medium is 90o

Sudut tuju dalam medium lebih tumpat yang menyebabkan sudutbiasan dalam medium yang kurang tumpat menjadi 90o

Convex lens

Kanta cembung

Converges parallel light rays to a point

Menumpukan sinar-sinar selari pada satu titik

Concave lens

Kanta cekung

Diverges parallel light rays from a point.

Mencapahkan sinar-sianr selari dari satu titik

Focal length

Panjang fokus

The distance between the principal focus, F and the optical centre, O of

a lens.

Jarak antara fokus utama, F, dan pusat optik suatu kanta

CHAPTER SIX (WAVES)


Wave motion

Perambatan

gelombang

Wave motion carries energy from one place to another place in a

medium without the transfer of the particles along the medium.

Wavefront

Muka Gelombang

A wavefront is a line or plane where the vibrations of every point on it

are in phase

Transverse wave

Gelombang

Melintang

A wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is at

perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave.

Longitudinal wave

Gelombang

Membujur

A wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is parallel to

the direction of propagation of the wave.

Amplitude

Amplitud

The maximum displacement from its equilibrium position.

Period

Tempoh

The time taken to make one complete oscillation

Frequency, f

Frekuensi

The number of complete oscillations made by a vibrating system in one

second

One complete

oscillationSatu ayunan lengkap

A complete oscillation may be referred as the movement of a vibrating

system from one extreme position to the other and back to the sameposition.

Wavelength,

Panjang gelombang

The wavelength is the distance between successive points of the same

phase in a wave.

Damping

Pelembapan

Damping occurs when an oscillating system loses energy due to

frictional forces.

Forced oscillation

Ayunan paksa

Forced oscillation occurs when a system oscillates under the influence

of an external driving force.

Natural frequency

Frekuensi asli

The frequency of a system when it oscillates freely.

Resonance

Resonans

Resonance occurs when a system oscillates at the maximum amplitude

when the driving frequency is equal to the natural frequency of the

system.

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Reflection of waves

Pantulan gelombang

Reflection of waves is the change in direction of propagation when a

wave strikes an obstacle.

Incident waves

Gelombang Tuju

The waves moving towards an obstacle.

Reflected wave

Gelombang Pantulan

The wave which has undergone a change in direction of propagation

after reflection.

Angle of incidence

Sudut Tuju

The angle between the direction of propagation of the incident wave and

the normal

Angle of reflection

Sudut pantulan

The angle between the direction of propagation of reflected wave and

the normal.

Law of Reflection

Hukum Pantulan

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Refraction of waves

Pembiasan

Gelombang

Refraction is the change of direction of propagation when the speed of a

wave changes as it moves from one medium to another

Diffraction of wave

Pembelauan

Gelombang

Diffraction of waves is the spreading of waves as they pass through an

aperture or around the edge of an obstacle

Principle of

superposition

Prinsip superposisi

The sum of the displacements of all the component waves at the point.

Coherent waves

Gelombang Koheren

Waves of the same frequency and are in phase.

Interference

Interferens

Superposition of two coherent waves constructively or destructively

Constructive

interference

Interferens membina

Occurs when two waves that are in phase superimpose

to produce a wave with crests and troughs of maximum amplitude.

Destructive

interference

Interferens

memusnah

Occurs when two waves that are out of phase superimpose to produce

zero resultant amplitude

Antinode

Antinod

A point where constructive interference occurs.

Node

Nod

A point where destructive interference occurs.

Sound wave

Gelombang bunyi

Sounds are longitudinal waves produced by vibrations such as the

vibrations of the diaphragm of a loudspeaker, guitar string and tuning

fork.

Loudness

Kenyaringan

The intensity of a sound as heard by an observer (depends on the

amplitude of the sound)

Pitch

Kelangsingan

The pitch of the sound is an indication of the sharpness of a sound

(depends on the frequency of the sound)

SONAR Sound Navigation and Ranging (SONAR) is a system used to detect

underwater objects or to determine the depth of the water by means of

an echo.

Electromagnetic

waves

Electromagnetic waves are propagating waves in space with electric and

magnetic components.

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Gelombang

elektromagnet

CHAPTER SEVEN (ELECTRICITY)


Current

Arus

Current is the rate of flow of electric charge

Ampere, A SI unit of current

Coulomb, C A unit of charge

Electric field

Medan elektrik

An electric field is a region where an electric force acts on a particle

with an electric charge.

Potential DifferenceBeza keupayaan

Potential difference is defined as the work done to move a unit ofcharge from one point to another in an electric field.

Ohms Law

Hukum Ohm

The electric current flowing through a conductor is directly

proportional to the potential difference across the ends of the

conductor, if the temperature and other physical dimensions remain

constant.

Ohmic Conductor

Konduktor Ohm

Material which obey Ohms Law

Non Ohmic

Conductor

Konduktor bukanOhm

Material which do not obey Ohms Law

Resistance

Rintangan

Resistance is defined as (potential difference)/(current)

Effective Resistance

Rintangan berkesan

The effective resistance is the combined resistance in the circuit.

Electromotive Force

(e.m.f)

Daya gerak elektrik

(d.g.e.)

The total energy supplied by a cell when one unit of charge flows

through the cell.

Internal Resistance

Rintangan dalam

The resistance within a cell due to its electrolyte or electrodes

Electrical Energy

Tenaga elektrik

Energy supplied by a source of electricity (cell / battery) when current

flows in a closed circuit.

Power

Kuasa

Power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy

Power Rating

Kadar kuasa

The power rating of an appliance denotes the rate at which it consumes

electrical energy at a certain voltage

CHAPTER EIGHT (ELECTROMAGNETISM)


Electromagnet An electromagnet is a device in which magnetism is produced by an

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Elektromagnet electric current. It is a temperory magnet. It acts as a magnet when the

current is flow and ceases to be a magnet when the current is switched

off.

Magnetic fieldMedan magnet

A magnetic field is a region in which a magnetic materials experiencesa force.

Catapult field

Medan lastik

The resultant field produced when a straight wire carries a current in a

uniform magnetic field.

Direct current motor

Motor arus terus

A direct current motor is used to convert electrical energy into

rotational kinetic energy.

Electromagnetic

induction

Aruhan

elektromagnet

The production of an electromotive force in a conductor due to a

changing magnetic flux.

Induced e.m.f.

D.g.e. teraruh

An emf produced in a conductor when there is a changing magnetic

flux or cutting of magnetic flux by the conductorInduced current

Arus teraruh

Induced current is produced in a circuit when there is a changing

magnetic flux or cutting of magnetic flux by a conductor

Faraday's law

Hukum Faraday

The magnitude of the induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate

at which a conductor cuts through the magnetic flux.

Lenz's law

Hukum Lenz

Lenz's Law state that an induced electric current always flows in such a

direction as to oppose the change in magnetic flux.

Direct current

Arus terus

Current which flows in one direction.

Alternating current

Arus ulang alik

Current which flows back and forth in two opposite directions

Transformer

Transformer

A device which steps up or steps down the voltage of an alternating

current.

Step-up transformer

Transformer injak

naik

A transformer that steps up voltage

Step-down

transformer

Transformer injak

turun

A transformer that steps down voltage

Ideal transformer

Transformer unggul

A transformer where the output power is equal to the input power and

the efficiency is 100%Transmission of

electricity

Penghantaran

elektrik

The transmission of electricity from the power station to consumers

(industries and residential areas) by electric cables

National Grid

Network

Rangkaian Grid

Nasional

The national grid is a network of electrical cables connecting electrical

power stations to consumers of electricity.

CHAPTER NINE (ELECTRONICS)


Thermionic emission A process of emitting electrons from a hot metal surface.

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Pemancaran

termionik

Cathode ray

Sinar katod

A beam of fast moving, high energy electrons

SemiconductorSemikonduktor

Materials whose resistance is between those of good conductors andgood insulators.

Doping

Pendopan

The process of adding a small amount of impurities into the

semiconductors.

n-type semiconductor

Semikonduktor jenis-

n

Semiconductor where the majority charge carriers are free electrons

p-type semiconductor

Semikonduktor jenis-

p

Semiconductor where the majority charge carriers are holes

Semiconductor diode

Diod semikonduktor

A p-n junction device which conducts current in one direction only

Forward-biased

Pincang ke hadapan

A diode is forward biased when the p-end is connected to the positive

terminal of the battery and the n-end is connected to the negative

terminal of the battery.

Reverse-biased

Pincang songsang

A diode is reverse biased when the p-end is connected to the negative

terminal of the battery and the n-end is connected to the positive

terminal of the battery.

Rectification

Rektifikasi

To convert alternating current into direct current using diodes

Half-wave

rectificationRektifikasi separuh

gelombang

The process of rectification using a diode which allows current flow in

half of a cycle.

Full-wave

rectification

Rektifikasi penuh

gelombang

The process of rectification using four diodes to allow current to flow

in a complete cycle and in the same direction.

Smoothing Capacitor

Kapasitor perata

A capacitor that is used to smoothen the output voltage of a

rectification process

n-p-n transistor

Transistorn-p-n

A transistor which consists of a layer of p-type semiconductor

sandwiched between two layers of n-type semiconductors.

p-n-p transistorTransistorp-n-p

A transistor which consists of a layer of n-type semiconductorsandwiched between two layers of p-type semiconductors.

Logic gate

Get logik

A logic gate is an electronic switch with one or more inputs and only

one output.

Truth table

Jadual kebenaran

A truth table shows the results of every possible output given every

possible input.

AND gate

GetDAN

A logic gate where the output is 1 only when both inputs are 1

NOT gate

GetTAK

A logic gate that inverts the input

Or gate

GetATAU

A logic gate where the Output is 1 except when both inputs are 0

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Kesuma

CHAPTER TEN (RADIOACTIVITY)


Nucleus

Nukleus

The small core of the atoms which contains the protons and neutrons

Nucleon

Nukleon

Protons and neutrons

Proton number, Z

Nombor proton

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Nucleon number, A

Nombor nucleon

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.

Nuclide

Nuklid

A nuclide is one type of nucleus with a particular proton number and a

particular nucleon number.

Isotope

Isotop

Atoms of an element which have the same proton number but different

nucleon numbers

RadioisotopeRadioisotop

Isotopes with unstable nuclei

Radioactivity

Radioaktiviti

Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of unstable nucleus into

a more stable nucleus with the random emission of radiation.

Radioactive decay

Reputan radioaktif

Radioactive decay is a process where an unstable nucleus becomes a

more stable nucleus by emitting radiation

Alpha decay

Reputan alfa

A radioactive decay where an alpha particle is emitted

Beta decay

Reputan beta

A radioactive decay where a beta particle is emitted

Gamma decayReputan gama A radioactive decay where gamma rays are emitted

Half life

Setengah hayat

The time taken for mass or activity of a radioactive substance to

become half its original value

Atomic mass unit

(a.m.u)

Unit jisim atom

The atomic mass unit (a.m.u) is used to measure the masses of atomic

particles.

Nuclear fission

Pembelahan nuklear

A process involving the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter

nuclei and several neutrons at the same time

Chain reaction

Tindak balas berantai

A chain reaction is a self-sustaining reaction in which the neutrons

produced in a reaction can initiate another similar reaction.

Nuclear fusionPelakuran nuklear

Nuclear fusion is the combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heaviernucleus

Nuclear reactor

Reaktor nuklear

A nuclear reactor produces tremendous amount of energy through

nuclear fission.

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2009 1 list of terms

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