2006 hsc examination geography - board of studies · pages 2–6 . 15 marks • attempt questions...

2006 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E

E X A M I N AT I O N

Geography

General Instructions

• Reading time – 5 minutes

• Working time – 3 hours

• Write using black or blue pen

• Board-approved calculators may be used

• A Stimulus Booklet is provided with this paper

• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of pages 9, 11 and 13

Total marks – 100

Section I Pages 2–6

15 marks

• Attempt Questions 1–15

• Allow about 25 minutes for this section

Section II Pages 9–14

25 marks


• Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Section III 5

60 marks


• Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section

374

Section I

15 marks Attempt Questions 1–15 Allow about 25 minutes for this section Refer to the Stimulus Booklet

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet.

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.

Sample: 2 + 4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer.

A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.

correct

A B C D

– 2 –

1 Which of the following best describes the geographical term environment?

(A) Where things are and why they are there

(B) The relationship between people and ecosystems

(C) A system formed by the interaction of living organisms

(D) The total surroundings, including biophysical, spatial and cultural elements

Refer to Sources A, C and D to answer Question 2.

2 What was the change in direction of Hurricane Katrina from 27 August 2005 to 29 August 2005?

(A) East to north

(B) East to south

(C) West to north

(D) West to south

Refer to Sources A and D to answer Question 3.

3 Which of the following best describes the weather at X on Source A?

(A) Northerly winds and cool temperatures

(B) Northerly winds and warm temperatures

(C) Southerly winds and cool temperatures

(D) Southerly winds and warm temperatures

Refer to Sources B, C and D to answer Question 4.

4 Which of the following best explains the maximum price of unleaded petroleum in the USA from July to November 2005?

(A) Fears in the USA of rising consumer demand in winter

(B) Fears in Mexico that Hurricane Katrina would affect the oil supply

(C) Fears of a sudden reduction in oil supplies from major oil-exporting countries

(D) Fears in the USA that Hurricane Katrina had destroyed many off-shore oil platforms

– 3 –

Refer to Source D to answer Question 5.

5 What is the difference in air pressure between point Y and 35°N 80°W?

(A) 10 hPa

(B) 12 hPa

(C) 16 hPa

(D) 18 hPa

Refer to Source E to answer Questions 6 and 7.

6 Which Area Reference has an easterly aspect?

(A) 3067

(B) 3163

(C) 3366

(D) 3763

7 Which of the following can be seen from Smalley Hill (AR 3267)?

(A) Power transmission line (AR 3259)

(B) Purrorumba Hill (AR 3170)

(C) Spot height 826 m (AR 3163)

(D) ‘The Grove’ (AR 3074)

Refer to Sources E and F to answer Questions 8 and 9.

8 What land use change has occurred in the south-east quadrant since 1974?

(A) Quarry replaced by housing estate

(B) Rubbish tip replaced by landing ground

(C) Landing ground replaced by training track

(D) Sewage treatment works replaced by quarry

– 4 –

9 What is the approximate percentage decrease in the shown surface area of perennial Lake George from 1974 to 2001?

(A) 25%

(B) 33%

(C) 50%

(D) 66%

10 What is the name given to a map that best shows property boundaries?

(A) Cadastral

(B) Choropleth

(C) Isopleth

(D) Precis

Refer to Source G to answer Questions 11 and 12.

11 During which period did the eastern states of Australia experience the most extensive area of well above average rainfall?

(A) 1981–1982

(B) 2000–2001

(C) 2001–2002

(D) 2002–2003

12 Which state experienced extremely low rainfall over the greatest proportion of its area in 1982–1983?

(A) Queensland

(B) South Australia

(C) Tasmania

(D) Victoria

– 5 –

Refer to Source H to answer Question 13.

13 In which two consecutive years was there the greatest change in the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI)?

(A) 1974 and 1975

(B) 1983 and 1984

(C) 1988 and 1989

(D) 1999 and 2000

Refer to Source I to answer Questions 14 and 15.

14 How many mega cities were there in the developing world in 1950?

(A) 0

(B) 2

(C) 3

(D) 7

15 Which city is expected to have the greatest percentage increase in population between 2000 and 2015?

(A) Bogotá

(B) Jakarta

(C) Mexico City

(D) Tokyo

– 6 –

BLANK PAGE

– 7 –

BLANK PAGE

– 8 –

© Board of Studies NSW 2006

2006 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Geography Centre Number

Section II

25 marks Student Number Attempt Questions 16–18 Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Use the Stimulus Booklet and your knowledge of geography to answer Questions 16–18 in the spaces provided.

Marks Question 16 (8 marks)

Refer to Sources E and F on page 2 of the Stimulus Booklet and the transects below to answer part (a).

GR 360680 GR 370680 GR 210050 GR 220050

1974 2001

GR 360570 GR 370570 GR 210940 GR 220940

(a) Identify TWO changes on the 2001 transect that have occurred since 1974.

(i) ...................................................................................................................

(ii) ...................................................................................................................

Question 16 continues on page 10

374a – 9 –

2

6

Marks Question 16 (continued)

Refer to Sources G and H on page 3 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer part (b).

(b) Evaluate the usefulness, validity and reliability of the Southern Oscillation Index as a tool for predicting drought in Australia.

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End of Question 16

– 10 –


-

1921 1931

1941 1951

1961 1971

1981 1991

2001 2011

2021



Section II (continued)

Student Number

Question 17 (8 marks)

Refer to the semilogarithmic graph below to answer parts (a)–(b).

Population change – West African mega city 1921–2015

Popu

latio

n (m

illio

ns)

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 0.6

0.8 1

2

3

20

4 5 6

8 10

1991 Census1991 Census1991 Census

Post-IndependencePost Independence CensusCensus

Post-Independence Census

United Nations ProjectionUnited Nations ProjectionUnited Nations Projection

ColonialColonial CensusesCensuses Colonial Censuses

United NationsUnited Nations EstimatesEstimates

United Nations Estimates

Year

(a) What is the United Nations projection for the population of the West African 1 mega city in 2015?

...............................................................................................................................

(b) Identify the time period that indicates the greatest rate of increase of population 1 change in the West African mega city.

...............................................................................................................................


374b – 11 –


Refer to Source I on page 4 of the Stimulus Booklet to answer part (c).

(c) Give TWO reasons that explain why the number of mega cities has increased 2 between 1950 and 2000.

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(d) Identify and describe TWO challenges that mega cities currently experience. 4

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End of Question 17

– 12 –




Section II (continued)

Student Number

Marks Question 18 (9 marks)

(a) Identify an economic enterprise operating at a local scale. 1

...............................................................................................................................

Refer to the diagram below to answer part (b).

People Goods

Services Ideas

Key

Linkages and flows

(b) Describe TWO different internal linkages of the economic enterprise named in 4 part (a).

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374c – 13 –

4


(c) Identify and outline TWO effects of global changes on the enterprise named in part (a).

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End of Question 18

– 14 –



Geography

Section III

60 marks Attempt Questions 19–21 Allow about 1 hour and 50 minutes for this section

Answer each question in a SEPARATE writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

In your answers you will be assessed on how well you:

■ present a sustained, logical and well-structured answer to the question

■ communicate geographical information, ideas and issues

■ refer to appropriate case studies, illustrative examples and the Stimulus Booklet where appropriate


Evaluate traditional and contemporary ecosystem management strategies in terms of ecological sustainability.


Contrast the nature, character and spatial distribution of world cities with mega cities in the developing world.


Examine the changing nature, spatial patterns and ecological dimensions of a global economic activity.

End of paper

374d – 15 –

BLANK PAGE

– 16 –


2 0 0 6 H I G H E R S C H O O L C E R T I F I C AT E E X A M I N AT I O N

Geography Stimulus Booklet

Source A – Satellite image of Hurricane Katrina Source B – Unleaded 28 August 2005 petroleum prices in the

USA July–November 2005

Source C – Oil rigs map

275

250

225

200

25/8/05 175

150

125

28/8/05 26/8/05 Jul Aug Sep

2005

Oct Nov 100

27/8/05

N

New Orleans

Refineries

X

Oil rigs

Hurricane Katrina’s pathHurricane intensityHIGH LOW early morning on August 29

Source D – Synoptic Chart of Hurricane Katrina (7.00am EST 28 August 2005) LOW

1020

1016 101640°N HIGH 1016

LOW

1012

30°N LOW New FLORIDAOrleans

1012 Hurricane KatrinaYY

1008 25°7’N 87°7’WMEXICO 1000 996 10089921004

120°W 110°W 100°W 80°W

1008 hectopascals

90°W

374e Page 1

US c

ents

per

gal

lon

Courtesy of U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Oil

rigs

– H

urric

ane

Katr

ina’s

pat

h as

of e

arly

Mon

day

mor

ning

(A

ugus

t 209

) – ©

Ene

rgy

Info

rmat

ion

Adm

inis

trat

ion

Built-up area; dual carriage way, vehicle track

Key for Sources E and F

31

. 220

Source E

Principal road; minor road

Single track railway line; windbreak; buildings

Power transmission line; quarry

Spot height; trig station; pine plantation

Vegetation: scattered; medium; dense

Lake: perennial; intermittent

N

S

W E

1 : 100 000 Contour interval: 20 m

31

. 220

Source F

Source E – Lake George topographic map 1974 31 34 35 36 37 3832 3330

75

77

74

73

72

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

62

61

60

59

58

57

63

76

56

Source F – Lake George topographic map 2001 16 19 20 21 22 2317 1815

12

14

11

10

09

08

07

06

05

04

03

02

01

99

98

97

96

95

94

00

13

93

L A K E G E O R G E

Rubbish Tip

Rubbish Tip

PURRORUMBA HILL

Elmslea Estate

887

SMALLEY HILL 870

PURRORUMBA HILL887

SMALLEY HILL 870

Page 2

8727 Canberra Topographic Map © Common-wealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia 1974

ACT Region Topographic Map, Edition 1, 2004 © Commonwealth of Australia, Geoscience Australia 2004

Source H – Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (1960 to 2003) (The SOI compares the difference in air pressure between Tahiti and Darwin as a measure of air movement in the Pacific)

SOI

30

20

10

0

–10

–20

–30

Year 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Adapted from: Bureau of Meteorology, 2004

Page 3

Awaiting copyright

© Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 2004


Source I – Selected cities with a population of 5 million or more

New York 17.9

Mexico City 20.4

Los Angeles 14.5

Chicago 7.6

Bogotá 9.0

Rio deBuenos Janeiro2015 Lima Aires 11.5

13.2(projected) 9.4

Santiago 6.5

16.7

18.1

13.2

7.0

2000 6.8

7.4 10.7

12.0

5.5

New York1950 12.3

Buenos Aires 5.0

Tokyo Population in millions

Cities with populations of five million or more residents

Present-day boundaries shown Only some cities shown

Tokyo 27.2

Delhi 20.9

Moscow KarachiParis 8.1 Shanghai16.29.9 13.6 London Beijing

7.6 11.7 Manila Lagos 12.6Jakarta16.0

17.3

Yangon 6.3

Kinshasa Abidjan 9.9

6.1

26.4

8.4 9.6 12.9

12.4 10.87.6 10.0

10.0

11.0 8.7

5.1

MoscowLondon Paris8.7 5.4

5.4 Tokyo 6.9

Shanghai 5.3

Country with at least one city of five million or more residents

Country without a city of five million or more residents

6.9

Image ID: 569819NGS Maps/National Geographic Image Collection

2006 hsc examination geography - board of studies · pages 2–6 . 15 marks • attempt questions...

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