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Properties of Matter. Phase Changes. Energy & Thermo- Dynamics. Temp. and heat. Pressure. 100. 100. 100. 100. 400. 100. 200. 200. 200. 200. 200. 300. 300. 300. 300. 300. 400. 400. 400. 400. 400. 500. 500. 500. 500. 500. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Properties of Matter
Phase Changes
Energy &Thermo-Dynamics
Temp. and heat Pressure
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These are the two main categories of matter.
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What are pure substances and mixtures?
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These are four of the 7 physical properties of matter we learned.
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What are conductivity, malleability, density, hardness, viscosity, melting point, and
boiling point?
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Mixtures can be classified as solutions, colloids, or
suspensions based on the size of these.
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What are the largest particles?
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These are the four main indicators that a chemical change
has occurred.
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What are formation of a precipitate, production of a gas, change of color,
and releasing or taking in heat?
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This is the type of mixture that cannot be filtered but does
disperse light.
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What is a colloid?
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This is the phase change where a liquid turns into a gas.
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What is vaporization?
2, 100
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This category of phase change occurs when the substance
absorbs heat from its surroundings.
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What is endothermic?
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During a phase change the temperature does this.
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What is stays the same.
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This is the approximate condensation temp. of the
substance whose T vs. E graph is below.
2, 400
0 400 800 1200 1600 2000-110
-90
-70
-50
-30
-10
Temp. vs Energy for 1g substance
Energy (J)
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
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What is -33 oC? (same as boiling point)
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These are the states of matter at -120 C, -80C, -40C, and 0C for the substance
shown in the T vs. E graph below.
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25Temp. vs Energy for 1g substance
Energy (J)
Tem
pera
ture
(C)
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What are solid (-120C) , solid (-80C), liquid (-40C), gas (0C)?
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0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600-125
-100
-75
-50
-25
0
25Temp. vs Energy for 1g substance
Energy (J)T
empe
ratu
re (C
)
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Any type of energy can be categorized as one of these two
main types.
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What are potential and kinetic energy?
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Whenever energy transforms from one form to another, some of the energy is always lost as
this.
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What is heat?
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The first law of thermodynamics says this.
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What is energy can neither be created nor destroyed?
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When heat flows, it always flows in this direction.
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What is from hot to cold? (everything flows from high
concentration to low concentration by itself, you can
think of cold as a low concentration of heat)
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These are two of the three things that are often used to show the
kinetic theory of matter is correct.
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What are Brownian motion, thermal expansion, and diffusion?
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This is what temperature is related to.
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What is the average kinetic energy of particles
4, 100
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Of 0oC water and 0oC ice, this is the one with the greater total internal
energy
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What is 0oC water.
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Of 0oC water and 0oC ice, this is the one with a greater average
kinetic energy.
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What is 0oC water and 0oC ice have the same average kinetic
energy
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This is why nothing can be cooled below absolute zero.
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What is absolute zero is the temperature all molecular motion
stops, since temperature measures average kinetic energy, if there is no motion, there is no
KE, and thus no temperature, and you can’t make the molecules
move slower than stopped.
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This is why heat of vaporization is typically greater than heat of fusion for a
particular substance
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What is to vaporize, the molecules need to gain enough energy to completely break free of and separate from neighboring molecules, while when melting, the molecules need to only gain enough energy to be able to flow
passed, but still touch the neighboring molecules.
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Pressure is defined as this.
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What is force distributed over a certain area?
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Gas pressure in a closed container is caused by these.
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What are collisions between the gas particles and each other and the sides
of the container?
Pressure is affected by other things, but not caused by them
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These four things affect gas pressure in a closed container.
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What are number of particles, temperature of the gas, volume of
the container, and type of gas?
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These are the two pairs of quantities that are directly
proportional in closed container of gas when everything else is
constant.
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What are temperature and volume (Charles’ Law) and temperature and
pressure (Gay-Lussac’s Law)?
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This is the final size of an air bubble if it starts out 10ml, with
a temperature of 10oC and pressure of 4atm, and then
proceeds to go to a location with a pressure of 2atm and temperature of 20oC.
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What is 20.7ml?
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
10 C = 283K; 20 C = 293K4*10/283 = 2*V2/293
V2 = (4*10*293)/(283*2) = 20.7ml
5, 500