12 - Three-piece pipe with meerschaumbowl, Lemgo, around 1890

Bibliography

Dunhill, Alfred, Das Pfeifenbuch,Heyne Veriag, Munich 1982

Kiigler, Dr. Martin, Tonpfeinfen,Hohr- GrenZhausen 1984

Manger, Anton, Die UlmerMaserholzpfeifen, Wollbach 1998

Morgenroth, WaIter, Pfeifen sam-meln - Kunstwerke in Porzellan,Laterna Magica Verlag, Munich 1989

Pollner, Otto, Tabakpfeifen aus zweiJahrhunderten, Heka Veriag BadOeynhausen 2000.

38

13 - Horn pipes with extentionsin meerschaum, Thuringe, around 1890

ESSAY ONGAMBlER'S ANI-MALSANDRECOLLECTIONSOF.Ll GRAND/1LLE

Whether domestic or wild, animalshave always fascinated us. Theirlook, craftiness or various forms ofaffection rarely leave us indifferent.We cannot help attributing certaintraits of human character to them.

Aesop then Jean de la Fontainedid not get it wrong: through ani-mals they were able to giveexpression to every facet of thecomedie hurnaine and to draw afew moral lessons from it.

Illustrators and caricaturists, suchas Grandville, as well as our writ-ers, know how to reflect the veryimage of our passions, absurditiesor vices through the almosthuman expressions, poses andfaces of thinking and speakinganimals.

Gambier, less cruel, sought toproduce some fine clay pipebowls portraying our favouriteanimals, sometimes with a touchof humour.

Chacun prend son plaisir ea il le trouvc.

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------------ dt>~ _

fiClCSde sonune.

----:~-=-~--=-::-~-p! i 1- 'JJ". ':

.-.:~~~,-~-~I

L'scot.rsn. - Indicatif present : je m'cnuuie. L~; luilr:E. - Pa3 cela.

LCQI.1EIL - .\OUS nou

Ahie done! feignanl.

Tout bten pese , j'ai achete un dicdonnatre.

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It..

The king of the animals welldeserved a fancy pipe, but he isvery dignified because he cannot becaricaturised.

Lion by Gambier

Elephant by Gambier

The good ox with the bell around itsneck looks as if it has come straightdown from the pastures (no. 295).There are many more. Let's mention: Jocko the famous monkey (no.435), the wolf (no. 388), the poodle(no. 354), and the wild boar (no.974). Not forgetting the wingedcreatures such as the crowing cocke-rel (no. 2034), the owl (no. 964) andeven the bird's nest (no. 655), etc.As for J.J. Grandville, from the thou-sand and one caricatures, we willremember the one ofthe oxen smok-ing pipes at the cabaret, out of1'Album des Betes a 1'usage desgens d'esprit by J.J. Grandville andtexts by Kaulbach, Paris 1864, at theoffices of the Nain Jaune. As well asthe fine elephant with a cigar, andnot forgetting the poor but sosmart horses and donkeys.

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The ox - Gambier N 295

For the record Jean Ignace IsidoreGerard, known as J.J. Grandville(who was' not related to the famouslion killer) was born in Nancy on 15September 1803. His father drewminiatures. He took his grandfath-er's name as a pen name ; the latterhad been an actor much loved bythe inhabitants of Nancy and KingStanislas I.

A fine illustrator and caricaturist,occasionally somewhat cynical anddisillusioned, he was an impassion-ed and rebellious republican. Hislife was not as funny as his dra-wings. He lost his wife, MargueriteFischer, at a young age and he him-self, sick, died in Vanves on 17March 1847 aged 44.

Today in the animal field, carvedbriar pipes and meerschaum pipeshave supplanted clay ones. Admit-

44

tedly these two materials allowartists to excel and to carve the sub-jects delicately, thus giving themvery lively expressions.

However, this does not stop our litt-le clay animals from retaining alltheir charm.

Michel Garreau

Biography- Catalogue de la manufacture Gambier- Les pipes en terre francaises.Jean-Leo - Bruxelles 1971

- Les pipes en terre de Garnbier.Francis Van Parys - volume 3

- r.;Album des Betes a I'Usage des Gensd'Esprit. 11Grandville et texte deKaulbach, Paris, 1964, aux bureaux duNainJaune

Pipe : private collectionPhotos: studio Louis Paillat. Chalet(France)

EXPORT OFKISERU IN THESEVENTEENTHANDEIGHTEENTHCENTURIES

INTRODUCTION

As discussed in other articles in thisbook, the custom of pipe smokingmade a round-the-world trip fromNorth America through England-Ithe Netherlands, Asia, Siberia, andAlaska, and back to the Indiansliving on the northwest coast of theUnited States. These NativeAmericans learned about pipe smok-ing from the Inuit(1). The authorhad described how pipe (kiseru)smoking came to Japan inIntroduction of Pipe (KISERU)

Smoking into Japan (PIPE YEARBOOK 2001). In this monograph,the exportation of kiseru is discus-sed in order to clarify how theconcept of pipe smoking migratedfrom Japan to other parts ofAsia(2).

Kiseru from Japan to China

Japan is one of the earliest coun-tries in Asia to acquire the smok-ing habit from the Portuguese inthe latter half of the SixteenthCentury, but only to a limitedcircle of people. Two earlyJapanese documents, IzumosakiOmizu-cho (a tax book oflzumosaki Village) and RokuonNichiroku (a temple diary inKyoto) written in 1576 and 1593,respectively, mention the wordtobacco. However, the tobacco, inIzumosaki Omizu-cho, was proba-bly used in a rolled form - either asa cigar or cigarette - that, at thetime, was popular among Portu-guese sailors and merchants. Thefirst account of kiseru in Japanappeared in 1603 in Ryukyu Ohrai,a textbook for children compiledby Taichu, a Buddhist priest, duringhis three-year stay on the RyukyuIslands(3). This was also the firstdescription of what is known,today, of a smoking pipe in Asia.

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