2 word classes

7/24/2019 2 Word Classes

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McCain and Obama clash in TV debate

Voters have questioned the US presidential hopefuls in a

heated debate dominated by the financial crisis and foreign

policy.

Two polls taken right after the debate - by CS !ews and

C!! - "udged arack #bama the winner over $ohn

%cCain.

&fromBBC News' ( #ctober )**(+


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McCain and Obama clash in TV debate

Voters have questioned the US presidential hopefuls in a

heated debate dominated by the financial crisis and foreign

policy.

Two polls taken right after the debate - by CS !ews and

C!! - "udged arack #bama the winner over $ohn

%cCain.

&fromBBC News' ( #ctober )**(+


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C2. WORD CLASSES

OPENword classes,

!ouns Verbsd"ectives dverbs

LEXICAL word classes, provide thereferential &leical+ meaning of a

sentence


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CLOSEDword classes,

/ronouns 0eterminers

/repositions Con"unctions


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DETERMINERS! grammatical words

that accompany nouns

". IDENTI#IERS!

a. 0efinite articles &the+


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2. $%ANTI#IERS!

a. N&me'als &one' two' etc.2first'

second' etc.+

b. Inde(inite $&anti(ie's &some'few' several' plenty' etc.


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DE#INITIONof words and word

classes,

3. Semantic&notional+ definition,


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A2. Acti-it, 2

NO%NS


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M)'*h)l)+ical de(initi)n,

3. IN#LECTION, %ost nouns have

singular and plural &ecept mass or

5uncountable6 nouns+


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DERIVATION in nouns, derivational endings

&suffies+ added to verbs or ad"ectives

&a+ -ness empty 7 emptiness

v -ism ba tise 7 ba tism


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NO%NS, emperor' clothes' money' day'


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A2. Acti-it, /

3. The big dog "umped over the la8y fo.


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AD0ECTIVES


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). DERIVATION, many ad"ectives

derive from nouns or verbs. 0erivationaln in ffi n n n r


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S,ntactic de(initi)n!

d"ectives occur in two positions,


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Ad1ecti-es can be +'adable or n)n+'adable.

;radable ad"ectives,

a+ can have inflection to form comparative

and superlative+ or to form

phrasal verbs &e.g. carry on'put down+.

PREPOSITIONS


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PREPOSITIONS

3. above' across' against' among' behind' below'beyond' down' into' near' off' onto' round'

towards' under' up

). during' for' till4. after' at' before' between' by' from' in' on' over'

through' to' until

:. about' as' by' despite' ecept' for' like' of' with


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3. 4L)cati-e5 meaning &place or direction+.). 4Tem*)'al6 meaning.

4. 4L)cati-e5 and 4tem*)'al5 meaning.

:. various meanings.

E l ( iti 4 (t 5


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E6am*les )( *'e*)siti)ns! 4a(te'5

3. after si months.

). after your behaviour tonight' D4. after all my effortsD

:. shut the door after you

@. Ee is after a "obA. enquire after her

B. named him Filliam after the prince

(. a painting after Gubens

H. the best book on the sub"ect after mine

3*. after a fashion

E l ( iti 4i 5


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E6am*les )( *'e*)siti)ns! 4in5

3. There is a glass in the cupboard.

). Ee was a singer in $ohn6s band.

4. 1 am doing a degree in philosophy.

:. They were dressed in black.

@. Eer paintings are made in watercolour.

A. Fe are going to 1taly in pril.

B. 0inner will be ready in ten minutes.

(. Fe sat down in a circle around the campfire.

H. #ne in ten students travels by train.

3*. 1n refusing to work abroad' she missed anecellent "ob opportunity.

Meanin+s )( 4in5


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Meanin+s )( 4in5

3. Contained I positioned inside something' or

contained' surrounded or enclosed by

something.

Fe hope you will en"oy your in(li+htentertainment.

!ew recruits spend si months on our inh)&se

training scheme.

That hospital offers very good services for in

*atients.

Fe held an inst)'e survey of customer attitudes.


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Fe held an inst)'e survey of customer attitudes.

%elissa6s furniture is in st)'e until she buys a

house.

Students never know what6s in st)'e for them.


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PRETT7

The house has four bedrooms so it6s pretty big.

16m pretty sure 1 recognised her voice.She knows pretty well everything there is to know on

the sub"ect.

She is so pretty in that dress.

Jou are wearing a pretty hat.

3AN8

1 need to go to the bank.The bank has branches all over the country.

Fe sat down on the bank of the river.

Can 1 bank on your supportK

PERSONAL PRONO%NS


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PERSONAL PRONO%NS

Category distinctions, person' number' gender' case

Sub"ect #b"ect /ossessive Gefleive3sts 1 me mine myself

)nds you you yours yourself

4rd

s2m he him his himself 4rds2fshe her hers herself

4rds2n it its its itself

3stp we us ours ourselves

)ndp you you yours yourselves

4rdp they them theirs themselves

C2 Acti-it, 2


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C2. Acti-it, 2

PRONO%NS

3. Fho likes ice creamK

). !obody here does' it seems.

4. Look at thisM

:. Fhat is itK

@. 0id you find a nice oneK

A. That is their final offer.

B. Can you smell anythingK

(. 1t6s raining again


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Inte'')+ati-epronouns, who' what' which' where'

etc.

Inde(initepronouns, someone' something' nothing'

anybody' anyone' anything' etc.

Dem)nst'ati-epronouns, proimate &this2these+

and distant &that2those+

=one>

=%eteorological it>=0ummy it>


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16d like to buy hisbooks. &his, determiner -

possessive identifier+

These books are his. &his, possessive pronoun+

2 word classes

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