• 2. The Selection of the Cabinet• a. Major factors in making appointments• 1. Usually own party and people familiar with.• 2. Expertise in dept. area• 3. geographic balance• 4.Satisfy powerful IG

• 5. High-level admin skills and experience.• 6. Race, Gender, ethnicity

• 3. Role of Cabinet• a. As individuals, responsible for Departments they

head: supervise thousands, help Congress draft bills, enforce laws.

• b. As a group, they are advisory body to President.

• c. Role reduced since WWII• 1. Conflicting Loyalties• 2. Internal Disputes• 3. Secrecy/Trust

Sec.2A: Executive Office of the President

• A.EOP provides specialized advice and info to Pres.• 1. FDR needed help w/ Depression.

Reorganization Act of 1939 creating EOP=a personal staff installed in the White House.

• 2.EOP has grown greatly since then.

• B. 3 oldest agencies in EOP have played greatest role in presidential decision-making.

• 1. Office of Management and Budget (OMB)• a. Prepares National Budget.

• 2. National Security Council• a. Created in 1947 to advise pres. and help

coordinate Am military/foreign policy: reaction to Cold War.

• 3. The National Economic Council• a. Formulate economic policy. Assesses health,

predicts future and proposes solutions.• 4. Other• a. Domestic Policy Council: Long Range Domestic

Policies• b. Office of Environmental Policy• c. Office of Science and Technology: Space• d. Office of US Trade Representative: NAFTA• e. Office of Administration: Day to Day

• C. White House Office: Pres. Personal Staff• 2.Press Secretary, Appointments Sec., legal

staff, legislative liaisons, Chief of Staff

Chief of Staff: Denis McDonough(D)

• D. Presidents use different management styles with their staff• 1. Pyramid style: Create a hierarchy in

terms of access w/ chief of staff as Gatekeeper• 2. Circular style: Allows for greater

accessibility w/ greater numbers.

• E. Executive Privilege: Right of Presidents to refuse to testify before or provide info to Congress or courts.• 1. US v. Nixon: not in criminal cases.

Sec.1B:Large/Complex Bureaucracy• A.The Federal Bureaucracy: Refers to the work

of the government.• 1. Departments, agencies, boards,

commissions, corporations, advisory committees.

• 2. Created by Congress, most answer to Pres.• 3. Constitution provides for indirectly.• 4. Size 2,000 in 1801 to 3 million today.

• 5. Characteristics:• a.hierarchy: order/authority comes from

top down• b.Elaborate division of labor: specific

duties and function• c. Official files and written documents.• d. Expertise in area: Monopoly of info.• e. Full-time occupation: careerists.• f. Rules are essential: standardized.

• B. Cabinet Departments: 15 Total• 1.Department of State: Oldest (1789), advises

on F.P., ambassadors negotiate treaties.

State: John Kerry(D)

• 2. Department of Defense: 1789, (War), advises all military matters.

• 3.Dept. of Treasury: 1789, advises on financial matters (IRS).

Defense: Chuck Hagel (R)

Treasury: Jack Lew(D)

• 4.Dept. of Justice: 1870, oversee nation’s legal affairs (FBI).

Justice: Eric Holder (D)

• 5.Dept. of Interior: 1849, protect public lands/resources (Parks/Wildlife).

Interior: Ken Salazar (D)

• 6. Dept. of Ag: 1889, help farmers and food safety.

Agriculture: Tom Vilsack (D)

• 7. Dept. of Commerce: 1903, promote/protect industrial/commercial segments of AM. Economy

Commerce: Rebecca Blank (D)