2. term and definitions

8/18/2019 2. Term and Definitions

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Chapter 2. Term and Defnitions

1. Term and Definitions. (Điều kiện và định nghĩa)

Note:

The following definitions are taken from BS 499-1:1991 ‘Welding terms and

symbols – Glossary for welding bra!ing and thermal "#tting$%

Những định nghĩa dưới đây được lấy từ tiêu chuẩn BS 499-11991 !"# hi$u %&

đi'u (i$n h&n ) B*n thu+t ngữ ch, h&n h&n %*y %& c.t nhi$t/0

Brazing (Hàn vảy cứng)

& 'ro"ess of (oining generally a''lied to metals in whi"h d#ring or after

heating molten filler metal is drawn into or retained in the s'a"e between"losely ad(a"ent s#rfa"es of the 'arts to be (oined by "a'illary attra"tion% )n

general the melting 'oint of the filler metal is abo*e 4+,. b#t always below

the melting tem'erat#re of the 'arent material%

& 2hư3ng 2h2 th5ng thư6ng n7i cc chi ti8t (i l,:i %ới nhau t;,ng h,u t;?nh nung n@ng %*y h&n n@ng ch*y Aị (, %&, h,


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& "onne"tion where the indi*id#al "om'onents s#itably 're'ared and

assembled are (oined by welding or bra!ing%

& Ht liên (8t n3i & cc th&nh 2hTn ;iêng lU được chuẩn Aị A7 t;V thVch

hợ2 được n7i %ới nhau Ang 2hư3ng 2h2 h&n h,


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h,


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2. Types of Weld. ("#c l$%i &!i hàn)

2.1 From the configuration point of iew !as per 2.2" ('hn l$%i th$ h*nh

+%ng)

#utogenous weld (Hàn ,*)

& f#sion weld made witho#t filler metal whi"h "an be a"hie*ed by T)G 'lasma

ele"tron beam laser or o5y-f#el gas welding%

[&n n@ng ch*y (h5ng cTn %*y h&n được =O dPng t;,ng h&n G 2la=a tia

đi$n tO la=Z; h,


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WHt liên (8t giữa Y chi ti8t C82 chng lên nhau được thQc hi$n Ang cch đ


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%artial penetration weld (g0u 2#n 3h4n)

& welded (oint witho#t f#ll 'enetration% )n S the 'referred term is 'artial

(oint 'enetration weld 708%

& 7i h&n t;,ng đ@ %+t li$u h&n (h5ng ngấu h,&n t,&n/ W (hi ni$ n&y

thư6ng được (# hi$u l& kjk fka;tical j,int kZnZt;ati,n/

& Types of Joints !see B$ 'N ($) 1*+,-". ("#c kiểu liên kết hàn5 ,& tiêu

chu6n 78 9 :8; 1?)

p ;omogeneo#s: Welded (oint in whi"h the weld metal and 'arent material

ha*e no signifi"ant differen"es in me"hani"al 'ro'erties and


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iên (8t h&n (hc Ai$t "i l,:i n'n c@ =Q (hc Ai$t t;,ng c3 tVnh %&qh,u t;?nh h?nh th&nh 7i h&n %&

được giữ l:i t;,ng 7i h&n/

= ;eat-affe"ted !one 7;&@8: The 'art of the 'arent metal that is

metall#rgi"ally affe"ted by the heat of welding or thermal "#tting b#t not

melted%

sbng *nh hưXng nhi$t khTn (i l,:i n'n Aị Ai8n đi c3 tVnh %& tVnh chất AXi

nhi$t cIa >u t;?nh h&n c.t nhi$t nhưng (h5ng Aị n@ng ch*y/

= ?#sion line: The bo#ndary between the weld metal and the ;&@ in a

f#sion weld% This is a non-standard term for weld (#n"tion%

\ư6ng ch*y vanh giới giữa (i l,:i n'n %& %bng *nh hưXng nhi$t t;,ng 7i

h&n n@ng ch*y/ \ây l& thu+t ngữ (h5ng chVnh thEc ch, %bng n@ng ch*y gi2

;anh/

?


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= Weld !one: The !one "ontaining the weld metal and the ;&@%

sbng h&n sbng Aa, g %+t li$u h&n %& %bng *nh hưXng nhi$t/

= Weld fa"e: The s#rfa"e of a f#sion weld e5'osed on the side from whi"h

the weld has been made%

B'


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* Weld %reparation ("hu6n 2ị &!i hàn)

& 're'aration for making a "onne"tion where the indi*id#al "om'onents

s#itably 're'ared and assembled are (oined by welding or bra!ing%

& >u t;?nh chuẩn Aị ch, %i$c thQc hi$n liên (8t th&nh 2hTn ;iêng lU đw được

chuẩn Aị A7 t;V thVch hợ2 được n7i %ới nhau Ang 2hư3ng 2h2 h&n h,


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*.1 Features of the weld preparation ("#c đ@c điể& cAa Bu# tC*nh chu6n

2ị &!i hàn)

#ngle of 0eel (Dóc v#t)

The angle at whi"h the edge of a "om'onent is 're'ared for making a weld%

?or an >>& weld on "arbon steel 'lates the angle is:

= C+-2, for a D 're'aration%

= 3-1C for a 're'aration%

= 4,-+, for a single be*el 're'aration%

= 1,-C, for a 0 're'aration%

@c t:, AXi 2 cIa chi ti8t được chuẩn Aị đR h?nh th&nh 7i h&n/ \7i %ới

2hư3ng 2h2 h&n WWm t;ên tấ th2 ca;A,n g@c

p YJ-]KL (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c chữ s/

p ^-1YL (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c chữ {/

p 4K-JKL (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c %t Ht Aên/

p 1K-YKL (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c chữ j/

(ncluded angle (Dóc chung)

The angle between the 'lanes of the f#sion fa"es of 'arts to be welded% )n

the "ase of single D or and do#ble D or this angle is twi"e the be*el

angle% )n the "ase of single or do#ble be*el single or do#ble 0 be*el the

in"l#ded angle is e/#al to the be*el angle%

@c t:, AXi cc A'


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oot face !3p c4n"

The 'ortion of a f#sion fa"e at the root that is not be*elled or groo*ed% )t$s

*al#e de'ends on the welding 'ro"ess #sed 'arent material to be welded

and a''li"ationE for a f#ll 'enetration weld on "arbon steel 'lates it has a

*al#e between 1-Cmm 7for the "ommon welding 'ro"esses8%

\ây l& 2hTn c_n l:i cIa A' uy t;?nh h&n th5ng

thư6ng/

5ap (Kh hE)

The minim#m distan"e at any "ross se"tion between edges ends or

s#rfa"es to be (oined% )ts *al#e de'ends on the welding 'ro"ess #sed and

a''li"ationE for a f#ll 'enetration weld on "arbon steel 'lates it has a *al#e

between 1-4mm%

\ây l& (h,*ng cch t7i thiRu cIa Aất (~


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(Vnh chân %t l& • đ7i %ới (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c chữ { Y chữ { %& ^ đ7i

%ới (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c chữ j d,uAlZ j/

6and

The straight 'ortion of a f#sion fa"e between the root fa"e and the "#r*ed

'art of a 0 or 're'aration "an be ,% s#ally 'resent in weld 're'arations

for >)G welding of al#mini#m alloys%

\ây l& 2hTn (h5ng Aị c,ng cIa A'


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material to "om'lete the (oint and the resid#al stresses "an be balan"ed on

both sides of the (oint res#lting in lower ang#lar distortion%

\ây l& (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c thư6ng hay dbng t;,ng >u t;?nh h&n} chi ti8t c@ thR

được c.t từ ngrn lOa h,


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Ang %ới di chân 7i h&nY (8t >u* l& g@c chuẩn Aị =| Vt Aị A@2 ,/ G;,ng

(hi (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c chữ s yêu cTu h&n từ Ht 2hVa th? (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c Y

chữ s =| h&n từ Y 2hVa f2 dPng ch, tất cấc (iRu CO l# Y


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Similar to the D 're'aration in the "ase of *ery thi"k se"tions a do#ble

're'aration "an be #sed% s#ally this ty'e of 're'aration does not re/#ire a

land 7e5"e'tion: al#mini#m alloys8%

i7ng như (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c chữ s t;,ng t;ư6ng hợ2 tấ c@ ti8t di$n ;ất d&y

th? (iRu chuẩn Aị g@c Y chữ { được 2 dPng/ SO dPng t;,ng t;ư6ng hợ2 (iRu

CO l# (h5ng đ_i hi %bng land ft;ừ t;ư6ng hợ2 h&n hợ2 (i nh5/

$ingle 8 preparation with 0ac:ing strip (Kiểu chu6n 2ị góc chI J vOi

t0& lót)

Ba"king stri's allow the 'rod#"tion of f#ll 'enetration welds with in"reased

"#rrent and hen"e in"reased de'osition rates


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lớ2 %+t li$u n'n %& tấ l@t/ \ng th6i (h@ (iR t;a NoG %? l# d, c@ (hZ hX

được h?nh th&nh X chân liên (8t/ Gấ l@t t: th6i Aa, g tấ đng tấ

cZ;aic %& thu7c h&n/

&ll these 're'arations 7single


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+ $ize of Butt Weld. ("#c l$%i &!i hàn gi#3 &!i)

- ?#ll 'enetration b#tt weld f[&n gi2 7i ngấu h,&n t,&n/

- artial 'enetration b#tt weld f[&n gi2 7i ngấu An 2hTn/

&s a general r#le:

&"t#al throat thi"kness I design throat thi"kness J e5"ess weld metal %

Như %+y >uy lu+t thQc t8

Mhi'u d&i thQc t8 † chi'u d&i thi8t (8 ‡ 2hTn li 7i h&n/

1?


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- ?#ll 'enetration b#tt weld gro#nd fl#sh fW7i h&n 2h`ng gi2 7i ngấu h,&n

t,&n/

- B#tt weld between two 'lates of different thi"kness fW7i h&n gi2 7i giữa Y

tấ (hc chi'u d&y/

un !pass": The metal melted or de'osited d#ring one 'assage of an

ele"trode tor"h or blow'i'e%

ượt h&n "i l,:i n@ng ch*y l.ng đrng t;,ng Ht lTn h&n đi$n h&n gi@ đh&n h3i/

6ayer : & strat#m of weld metal "onsisting of one or more r#ns%

ớ2 h&n WHt lớ2 (i l,:i h&n Aa, g 1 hay nhi'u lượt h&n/

Types of 0utt weld !from accessi0ility point of iew"

Mc (iRu h&n gi2 7i W7i h&n gi2 7i 1 2hVa %& 7i h&n gi2 7i Y 2hVa/

1@


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- Fillet Weld (!i hàn góc)

& f#sion weld other than a b#tt edge or f#sion s'ot weld whi"h is

a''ro5imately triang#lar in trans*erse "ross se"tion%

& 7i h&n ch*y (hc %ới h&n gi2 7i h&n 2 h,


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= Design throat thic:ness: The minim#m dimension of throat thi"kness #sed

for '#r'oses of design% &lso known as effe"ti*e throat thi"kness% Symbolised

on the drawing with ‘a$%

Mhi'u d&i thi8t (8 cIa 7i h&n g@c \ây l& (Vch thước t7i thiRu cIa chi'u d&i

7i h&n ch, Pc đVch thi8t (8/ M_n được gri l& chi'u d&i hi$u >u*/ \ược (#

hi$u t;ên A*n %| l& !a0/

= 6eg length: The distan"e from the a"t#al or 'ro(e"ted interse"tion of the

f#sion fa"es and the toe of a fillet weld meas#red a"ross the f#sion fa"e%

Symbolised on the drawing with ‘!$%

Mhi'u d&i c:nhJ đây l& (h,*ng cch từ gia, điR thQc t8 h,


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W7i h&n g@c %t 4J ° B'


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mitre fillet welds is not *alid for this ty'e of weld% &lso the design throat

thi"kness is e/#al to the a"t#al throat thi"kness% #e to the smooth blending

between the weld fa"e and the s#rro#nding 'arent material the stress

"on"entration effe"t at the toes of the weld is red#"ed "om'ared with the

're*io#s ty'e% This is why this ty'e of weld is highly desired in "ase of

a''li"ations s#b(e"ted to "y"li" loads where fatig#e 'henomena might be a

ma(or "a#se for fail#re%

W7i h&n g@c l‰ & 7i h&n g@c c@ A' uan giữa chi'u d&i thi8t (8 %& chi'u d&i c:nh (hc %ới 7i h&n

g@c %t 4J °

/ Ng,&i ;a đH d&i thi8t (8 Ang %ới đH d&i thQc t8 cIa 7i h&n/ s? c@ =Q t;Hn nhxn & giữa A'


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Deep penetration fillet weld; & fillet weld with a dee'er than normal

'enetration% )t is 'rod#"ed #sing high heat in'#t welding 'ro"esses 7ie S&W or

>&G with s'ray transfer8% This ty'e of weld #ses the benefits of greater ar"

'enetration to obtain the re/#ired throat thi"kness whilst red#"ing the amo#nt

of de'osited metal needed th#s leading to a red#"tion in resid#al stress le*el%

)n order to 'rod#"e a "onsistent and "onstant 'enetration the tra*el s'eed

m#st be ke't "onstant at a high *al#e% &s a "onse/#en"e this ty'e of weld is

#s#ally 'rod#"ed #sing me"hanised or a#tomati" welding 'ro"esses% &lso the

high de'th-to-width ratio in"reases the 'robability of solidifi"ation "entreline

"ra"king% )n order to differentiate this ty'e of weld from the 're*io#s ty'es the

throat thi"kness is symbolised with ‘s$ instead of ‘a$%

W7i h&n g@c ngấu =âu & 7i h&n g@c c@ đH ngấu =âu h3n A?nh thư6ng/

\ược thQc hi$n Ang cch =O dPng nhi$t đH đTu %&, ca, lDc h&n f Sm h,uang lớn đR c@ được đH d&i 7i h&n cTn thi8t t;,ng (hi gi* lượng (i

l,:i l.ng đrng cTn thi8t d, đ@ gi* Eng =uất dư/ \8 7i h&n ngấu đ'u %&

liên tPc t7c đH h >uang 2h*i liên tPc X gi t;ị ca,/ o, đ@ cc 7i h&n g@c

ngấu =âu thư6ng được =*n Cuất Ang =O dPng h&n c3 (hV h, h,


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-.& /ompound of 0utt and fillet welds (!i hàn kết hP3 hàn gi#3 &!i và

hàn góc)

This is a "ombination of b#tt and fillet welds #sed for T (oints with f#ll or 'artial

'enetration or b#tt (oints between two 'lates with different thi"kness% ?illet

welds added on to' of the groo*e welds im'ro*e the blending of the weld fa"e

towards the 'arent metal s#rfa"e and red#"e the stress "on"entration at the

toes of the weld%

\ây l& =Q (8t hợ2 cIa Y l,:i 7i h&n h&n gi2 7i %& h&n g@c =O dPng (iRu

liên (8t chữ G ngấu h,&n t,&n h,


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sị t;V h&n \ịnh hướng cIa 7i h&n được thR hi$n Ang >uan h$ giữa %ị t;V

tha, tc h&n g@c nghiêng 7i h&n %& g@c C,ay 7i h&n fCZ S… •94Š đR

Ai8t thê th5ng tin/

Weld slope; The angle between root line and the 'ositi*e M a5is of the

hori!ontal referen"e 'lane meas#red in mathemati"ally 'ositi*e dire"tion 7ie

"o#nter-"lo"kwise8%

@c nghiêng 7i h&n \ây l& g@c t:, AXi đư6ng chân 7i h&n %ới t;Pc cIa


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?lat

sị t;V h&n Ang

& welding 'osition in whi"h

the welding is hori!ontal

with the "entreline of the

weld *erti"al% &%

sị t;V h&n t;,ng đ@ 7i h&n

n ngang đư6ng tâ

7i h&n n drc/

;ori!ontal*erti"al

sị t;V h&n g@c

ngang/



7a''li"able in "ase of fillet

welds8% B

& %ị t;V h&n t;,ng đ@ 7i

h&n g@c n ngang fEng

dPng t;,ng t;ư6ng hợ2 7i

h&n g@c/;ori!ontal

sị t;V h&n ngang



with the "entreline of the

weld hori!ontal% .


h&n %& tâ 7i h&n n

ngang/Derti"al-#'

sị t;V h&n drc fh&nđEng hướng lên

t;ên/


the welding is #'wards%

?%

& %ị t;V h&n t;,ng đ@ >u

t;?nh h&n hướng lên t;ên/Derti"al-down

sị t;V h&n drc fh&n

đEng hướng

Cu7ng dưới/


the welding is downwards%

G

& %ị t;V h&n t;,ng đ@ >u

2>


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t;?nh h&n hướng Cu7ng

dưới/*erhead

sị t;V h&n t;Tn



and o*erhead with the

"entreline of the weld

*erti"al% %


h&n n ngang %& n

t;ên t;Tn đư6ng h&n n

drc/

;ori!ontalo*erhea

d

sị t;V h&n g@c t;Tn

n ngang



and o*erhead 7a''li"able

in "ase of fillet welds8% %


h&n g@c n ngang %&n t;ên t;Tn/

2?


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Toleran"es for the welding 'ositions f"Vch thước dung =ai cc %ị t;V h&n/

A Weaing (Qa$ đ/ng ngang)

This is trans*erse os"illation of an ele"trode or blow'i'e no!!le d#ring the

de'osition of weld metal% This te"hni/#e is generally #sed in *erti"al-#' welds%

\ây l& da, đHng ngang cIa đi$n cQc h&n h,u

t;?nh (i l,:i h&n đ5ng đ

2. term and definitions

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