2 revolutionaries before the revolution
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2 Revolutionaries Before the Revolution. Theses Dynamics of Social Revolution Revolutionaries: Social Profile Parties and Movements 1. Moderate-liberal 2. Social Democratic 3. Socialist-revolutionary (neo-populist) E. “All-Nation Liberation Movement”. A. Theses. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
2Revolutionaries Before the
RevolutionA. Theses
B. Dynamics of Social Revolution
C. Revolutionaries: Social Profile
D. Parties and Movements
1. Moderate-liberal
2. Social Democratic
3. Socialist-revolutionary (neo-populist)
E. “All-Nation Liberation Movement”
A. Theses
1. Social revolution: emergence, reshaping of spontaneous movements
2. Formation of parties, movements
3. Reconstitution of activists
4. Revision of revolutionary ideas, tactics
5. Formation of “all-nation liberation movement
B. Dynamics of Social Revolution
1. Popular engagement
2. Elite engagement
3. Intelligentsia: signs of shift
Miasoedov, “The Zemstvo Dining” (1872)
Repin, “Volga Barge-Haulers” (1870)
Repin, “Peasants Returning in Winter” (1880)
Zemstvo Doctor (1900)
Public Library of Sobriety Society (St. Petersburg, 1901)
D. Parties and Movements
• 1895: critical problems– no popular base– no organized parties– no ideology, strategy
• Emergence of 3 Main Movements– moderate/liberal– social democratic– socialist-revolutionary
C. Revolutionaries: Social Profile
1. Social Origin
2. Education
3. Occupation
4. Gender
Table 1Revolutionaries: Social Origins
Estate 1884-1890 1901-3
Nobility 31 11
Clergy 6 2
Merchants 12 4
Townspeople 28 44
Peasants 19 37
Other 4 2
Table 2Revolutionaries: Education
Education 1884-1890 1901-3
University 34 12
Secondary 33 13
Elementary 12 33
Literate 13 30
Illiterate 7 12
Table 3Revolutionaries: Occupation
Occupation 1884-1890 1901-3
Student 26 10
White-collar 12 11
Civil servant 6 2
Private sector 11 7
Agriculture 7 10
Worker 16 47
Trade 4
Other 20 9
Table 4Number Arrested Per Annum
Period Annual Average of Revolutionaries Arrested
1884-90 615
1901-3 2598
D. Parties and Movements1. Moderate-Liberal
a. Social Baseb. Zemstvo Movementc. Union of Liberation
Dmitrii Shipov (zemstvo leader)
S. Muromtsev, Moderate liberal
Pavel Miliukov (left liberal)
Petr Struve, Liberal Leader
D. Parties and Movements2. Social Democratic
a. Russian Marxism: Emergence and Dilemmas
b. Surge in Late 1890s
c. Crisis, 1900-03
d. Schism: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
Plekhanov
St. Petersburg Union for the Liberation of Labor (1896)
Ulianov Family, 1879
Lenin in High School (1886)
Lenin (1900)
Nadezhda Krupskaia (1896)
Martov
Trotsky
Stalin (1903)
D. Parties and Movements3. Socialist Revolutionary
a. Classical populism
b. Crisis
c. Rejuventation and Revisionism
d. PSR: propaganda and terror
Viktor Chernov, SR
Grigorii Gershuni, SR
E. All-Nation Liberation Movement
• 1. All classes, all nationalities
• 2. Claim to lead: classes, parties
• 3. Emergence of parties: organizations, theories, activists, presumed base