2 of 38© boardworks ltd 2008 behaviour focus: take a step back and the view is wider – we only...

2 of 38 © Boardworks Ltd 2008

Behaviour Focus: take a step back and the view is wider – we only need

work to be done• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning

objectives

The Big Question: How do organisms feed themselves?

L.O.1: What are the types of organisms in feeding?

L.O.2: How are they related to each other?

L.O.3: What is the importance of feeding off more than one source?

Feeding off each other or notFriday 21 April 2023


Feeding types

Different types of organism can be grouped in several ways. One grouping system is based on how organisms obtain their food.

Some organisms produce their own food. They are called producers.

Plants produce their own food using light energy from the Sun. Some types of bacteria can also make their own food by using light or chemical reactions.

Other organisms cannot make their own food. They are called consumers.


Producer or consumer?


Consumers

Consumers can be grouped into different types:

Write one short sentence describing herbivoresThese consumers eat producers. Herbivores include some plants and types of bacteria.

Write one short sentence describing carnivoresThese consumers eat other consumers.

Write one short sentence describing omnivoresThese consumers eat other consumers and producers. Omnivores eat animals and plants. Most humans are omnivores.


Feeding types – Copy the key words and match the explanation


Food chains – who eats what?

Can you see a food chain in this habitat?


Food chains

A food chain is a sequence that shows how each individual feeds on the organism below it in the chain. Each arrow means ‘eaten by’.

caterpillarleaf bird fox

What does this food chain show?

A leaf is eaten by a caterpillar, which is then eaten by a bird, which is then eaten by a fox.

Energy is transferred from one organism to another in the direction of the arrow.


Predator-prey relationships

Animals that are high up in food chains, such as the fox, tend to be hunters that are skilled at locating and killing their food. These hunters are called predators.

Common prey adaptations include camouflage or the ability to produce poisonous toxins.

The animals on which the predator feeds are called their prey.

Prey animals tend to be well adapted to avoid the predator.


Name that feeding type


Primary, secondary or tertiary?


Pyramids of numbers only give an accurate impression of the flow of energy in a food chain if the organisms are of similar size. Measuring the biomass (living material that makes up all organisms) at each level in the food chain can give a more accurate picture.

Pyramids of numbers are a numerical way of representing food chains.

What are the problems of representing food chains in pyramids of numbers?

They record the number of organisms at each level in the food chain.

What are pyramids of numbers?


Food chain populations


Ranking consumers

Draw the food chain and then complete the sentences

Producers – make their own food. Primary consumers – eat producers. Secondary consumers – eat primary consumers. Tertiary consumers – eat secondary consumers.

producer primaryconsumer

secondaryconsumer

tertiaryconsumer

seaweed limpet crab human


Behaviour Focus: FOCUS! You need nothing else if you are not there yet.• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning

objectives

The Big Question: What if the food web is disrupted?

L.O.1: What are waste and disruptions to a food web?

L.O.2: How would they affect the web?

L.O.3: Why would we want to take care of our environment?

Waste and Disruption in the WebFriday 21 April 2023


An Antarctic food chain


Build a food web


Food webs

bluetit

owlchiffchaff

stoat

vole

plantaphid

ladybird

mothspider


Write the question and 3 bullet points answering the question:

What if we change the numbers of the levels of What if we change the numbers of the levels of organism in the food web?organism in the food web?


Food for energy

Why do organisms need to feed?

Most animals get their energy from food. If the producers at the bottom of the food chain are small organisms, then the consumers at the top of chain need to eat many of them to gain enough energy.

Much of the energy that prey generate is lost on a daily basis through heat, growth and waste.

Very little energy is actually transferred to the predator.


What can a pyramid of numbers show about energy transfer?

Food chains and pyramids


TRUE OR FALSE Write 1 to 8 and TRUE or FALSE for each statements below

1. Consumers eats producers.

2. Producers produce food.

3. Number of organism is not a good representation (showing) how much energy there is in each level of the food pyramid.

4. The lower levels of the pyramid can be smaller than the higher level in good ecosystems.

5. Energy is wasted in each level so the higher levels are always smaller

6. A lot of people on earth is helpful to the ecosystem.

7. If the higher levels of the pyramid is getting too big, the animals in the lower levels can extinct.

8. If the higher levels if the pyramid is getting too big, the animals in the higher levels can extinct.


Behaviour Focus: Do more than 100% as there is always energy lost.• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning

objectives

The Big Question: Why do we always have some

waste?

L.O.1: What is biomass?

L.O.2: How is energy lost in each level of food chain?

L.O.3: How can we keep energy lost less?

Energy Lost and BiomassFriday 21 April 2023


Numbers or biomass?


In a pyramid of numbers, the length of each bar represents the number of organisms at each level in the food chain.

As a single tree can support many organisms, this food chain produces an unbalanced pyramid.

Understanding pyramids of numbers


Understanding pyramids of biomass

In a pyramid of biomass, the length of each bar represents the biomass at each level of the food chain.

At each level, the amount of biomass and energy available is reduced, giving a pyramid shape.


Death benefits?

When animals and plants die, they are decomposed by microbes.

In this way, the nutrients that were stored in animals and plants are eventually returned to the soil.

As the number of producers increases, how will this affect the populations of organisms higher up in the food chain?

The nutrients fertilize the soil, helping producers, such as plants, to grow better.


How could change affect ecosystems?


The effect of change on polar bears


Multiple-choice quiz


Food chains and pyramidsCopy and complete the sentences


Behaviour Focus: Think twice, before taking any actions.

• Copy and leave space to write answers/ responses to the learning objectives

The Big Question: How do food web, habitats and

adaptation help us survive?

L.O.1: What are habitat, niche and community?

L.O.2: How do living things adapt to the environment?

L.O.3: Explain how we can make life easier for living

things around us?

The Ecosystem - AdaptationFriday 21 April 2023


What is a habitat?

What makes a habitat?

How would you describe your habitat?

A habitat has all of the things that an organism needs to survive, such as the right amounts of oxygen, water, light and shelter.


Different types of habitats

How are these habitats similar and how are they different?


Which land habitat?


Which water habitat?


An ecosystem is…

A community is…

A habitat is…

A niche is…

Bees and birds can both live within the canopy of a tree

because…

When plants and animals found in a particular habitat.

Living organisms in a particular area, and the habitat they live in

A place where a plant or animal lives

A particular place or role that an organism has in an ecosystem

they can share the habitat and do not compete for food with each other – co-exist. (e.g. bees feed from flowers; birds eat worms)


Niche of some Farm Organisms

Organism Niche

Farmers Controller; overseer; make sure everything works efficiently

Shepherd’s Dogs Control sheep herds; guard sheep from foxes

Sheep Eat grass; produce wool; produce milk; be butchered as meat

Cows Eat grass; provide skin as leather and flesh as meat; produce milk

Cats Catch mice; Purrrrrrrrrr; Provide happiness for farmers

Veges and Grass Absorb nutrients, CO2 and sunlight to produce food and oxygen

Fish Eat insects in water and grow to provide fish meat

Trees Absorb nutrients, CO2 and sunlight to provide habitats

Birds Eat insects in trees and around fields; provide meat for cats


Complete a biomass pyramid of a farm ecosystem

• What is your niche in the farm?

• Are you …………?• THANK YOU!

Stand up, walk around and ask your classmates what their niche is and guess what organism they have in hand. Then complete the pyramid of biomass with the classmates’ name and the organisms’ names.

Challenge question:

What organism or mechanism would you bring in to make this farm more efficient? Why?


Adaptations in different habitats

These organisms are all adapted to their environments in very different ways.

How are they specially adapted to survive?


Adaptations in similar habitats


What are adaptations for?


Daily or yearly?


Glossary


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