2nd Quarter Benchmark Review

Language ArtsMs. C. Smith

PRONOUNS

Question

Throw it into the trash can before you make amess.

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

When we saw them at the game, I asked if they would like to have dinner with us sometimesoon.

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

When will your mom be back home?

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

She will be around in a little while to ask forvolunteers to help with the bake sale.

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

• Someone will need to take the garbage out to the street in the morning.

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

I gave her the money so that she could buy herown lunch.

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

Eleanor wanted the cat to eat its food in thelaundry room.

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

• That man is talking to himself.

a. Nominativeb. Objectivec. Possessived. Reflexivee. Indefinite

• Everyone needs to bring ________ book to class today.

Eleanor wanted the cat to eat _____ food in thelaundry room.

• Please ask Samuel to put the carpet cleaner back on ______recharging stand.

• They ate it all ________________.

• The winners were Kim and _________. (I or me?)

• If a person wants to succeed in corporate life, _______have to know the rules of the game.

• I have tickets for a movie. • They gave me the task. • The pleasure is mine. • You should take your computer to a better

repair shop. • He will meet her at noon. • Trisha and Rose bought theirs at the bazaar.

MODIFIERS

The other day I shot an elephant in mypajamas. How he got in my pajamas I'll neverknow.

-- Groucho Marx

• Jennifer called her adorable kitten opening the can of tuna and filled the food bowl.

• Portia rushed to the store loaded with cash to buy the birthday gift.

• Playing solitaire on the computer for three hours, Michael’s paper was not completed.

• Locked away in the old chest, Richard was surprised by the antique hats.

PREPOSITIONS

• The book on the bathroom floor is swollen from shower steam.

• The sweet potatoes in the vegetable bin are green with mold.

• The note from Beverly confessed that she had eaten the leftover pizza.

• Before class, Josh begged his friends for a pencil.

• Feeling brave, we tried the Dragon Breath Burritos at Tito's Taco Palace.

CONJUNCTIONS

Conjunctions

Coordinating - FANBOYS

• FOR• AND• NOR• BUT• OR• YET• SO

Subordinating - AAAWWUBBIS

• AFTER• ALTHOUGH• AS• WHILE• WHEN• UNTIL• BEFORE • BECAUSE• IF• SINCE

• Every day was a happy day, and every night was peaceful. (E.B. White, Charlotte’s Web)

• Before the plate hit the table, Louie leaned forward like a snake striking and hit the stack of pancakes with his fork. (Gary Paulsen, Harris and Me)

• Celia says you’re in shock, but I think you’re just lazy. (Nancy Farmer, The House of the Scorpion)

• When I pop in a Bird CD, it’s like I feel myself filling up with Zeke. (Tracy Mack, Birdland)

• It was almost time for science, her best subject, so it would be easy for Judy to pay attention. (Megan MacDonald, Judy Moody Gets Famous)

• If there was an Olympic contest for talking, Shelly Staffs would sweep the event. (Wendelin Van Draanen, Flipped)

Word Study

• suffix –cy, -ence/-ance to identify words• prefixes anti- and counter- to identify words• roots “gen”, “ject”, and “man”

–cy• Advocacy - An active verbal support for a cause or position.• Bureaucracy - Administration of a government chiefly through

bureaus or departments staffed with nonelected officials.• Autocracy - Absolute government. • Democracy - Government by the people• Illiteracy – the state of having a lack of ability to read and write• Immediacy - The quality or condition of being immediate.• Inadequacy - A lack of an adequate quantity or number.

-cy or -acy

• Latin: state, quality, condition, or act of(a suffix that forms nouns)

-ence/-ance

• Importance – the quality or state of being important• Entrance – an act of entering• Audience – the act of hearing or attending to words or sounds• Intelligence - the act of gathering or distributing information

for learning• Appearance – the act of appearing• Conference – the act of conferring or talking; meeting• Independence – the act of being free from control or influence• Allowance – the act of allowing

• The suffixes -ance and -ence mean “quality of” or “state of.”

• Words ending in these suffixes are usually nouns.

prefixes anti-• antibacterial - A cleanser that works against bacteria(germs• Antiballistic – A missile that works against a ballistic missile by

intercepting and destroying it in flight. • antibiotic - A substance, such as penicillin, produced by certain

fungi that can counteract the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are widely used in the preventionand treatment of diseases such as pneumonia.

• anticoagulant - A substance that prevents blood from coagulating (becoming clots)

• Anticrime - against crime• antidote - A remedy used to counteract the effects of a poison,

a bad day, unhappiness. • antihistamine - A drug used to counter the effects of the

body’s histamine production in allergic reactions and colds

• anti- : Greek prefix meaning "against, not,opposite, opposing, counteracting"

• Counterargument – a contrasting or opposing argument

• Counterattack – an attack made as a reply to another attack

• Counterproductive – defeating ones purpose, not productive in ones attempt to reach a goal

• Countermeasure – an act taken to offset another act

• Counterfeit – pretend, not genuine, fake, forged• Counterclockwise – the direction that is opposite

to the normal rotation of the clock hands

Counter -

• “against,” “contrary,” “opposite,” “in opposition or response to”

roots “gen”, “ject”, and “man”

• Gender project manual• Gene subject manuscript• Genesis inject manicure• Genius reject emancipate• Genealogyinterjection manipulate

Match up

• Race and / or kind of

• To throw and/ or lie

• Using the hand

• Man• Ject• Gen

MOOD & TONEand

Characters

• The mood of the story is the ___________ you get when reading it.

• An author’s _________ indicates how he/she views a character or his/her opinions about a character.

Think of the story “The Tell-Tale Heart”.

What motivates the narrator to kill the old manwith whom he lives?

a. His heart beatb. Greedinessc. His eyed. The narrator is crazy

“The Road Not Taken” by Robert FrostTWO roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair, And having perhaps the better claim, Because it was grassy and wanted wear; Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black. Oh, I kept the first for another day! Yet knowing how way leads on to way, I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I— I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference.

The word that best describes the tone of thispoem is:a. inspiredb. frustratedc. sympatheticd. anxious

2. The word that best describes the mood of thispoem is:a. realisticb. sorrowfulc. cautiousd. surprising

“Invitation” by Shel Silverstein

If you are a dreamer, come in,If you are a dreamer, a wisher, a liar,

A hope-er, a pray-er, a magic bean

buyer…If you’re a pretender, come sit by

my fireFor we have some flax-golden tales

to spin.Come In!Come In!

The word that best describes the tone of this

poem is:a. inspiredb. frustratedc. sadd. excited

The word that best describes the mood of this

poem is:a. inspiringb. sorrowfulc. cautiousd. surprising

“Alone” by Edgar Allen PoeFrom childhood's hour I have not been As others were; I have not seen As others saw; I could not bring My passions from a common spring. From the same source I have not taken My sorrow; I could not awaken My heart to joy at the same tone; And all I loved, I loved alone. Then- in my childhood, in the dawn Of a most stormy life- was drawn From every depth of good and ill The mystery which binds me still: From the torrent, or the fountain, From the red cliff of the mountain, From the sun that round me rolled In its autumn tint of gold,

From the lightning in the sky As it passed me flying by, From the thunder and the storm, And the cloud that took the form (When the rest of Heaven was blue) Of a demon in my view.

The word that best describes the tone ofThis poem is:a. sad b. frustratedc. Sympathetic d. anxious

2. The word that best describes the moodof this poem is:a. Realistic b. sorrowfulc. Cautious d. lonely

Persuasive Techniques

• Give an expert opinion• Statistics• Create a sense of urgency• Counter argument• Be trustworthy• Use numbers when possible• Make a personal plea

Techniques to add details to writing

• D - DIALOGUE• R – RHETORICAL QUESTION• A - ANALOGY• P – PERSONAL EXPERIENCE (ANECDOTE)• E - EXAMPLES• S – STATISTICS / NUMBERS

POINT OF VIEW• An automobile accident

occurs. Two drivers are involved. Witnesses include four sidewalk spectators, a policeman, a man with a video camera who happened to be shooting the scene, and the pilot of a helicopter that was flying overhead. Here we have nine different points of view and, most likely, nine different descriptions of the accident.

• How will each of the 9 points of view differ?

• How might they be the same?

• What causes the differences?

On Tuesday, President Obama chose JohnMcHugh to be the next Secretary of theArmy. McHugh is a Republican. Hisnomination shows that Obama continues towant members of other political parties insome of the administration's most importantjobs.

President Obama said that McHugh willensure that our soldiers are trained andequipped to meet the challenges and threatsof our time.The president values different opinions in hisadministration. He kept Robert Gates asSecretary of Defense. McHugh joins Gates asRepublicans in important positions dealingwith the nation's military. McHugh has notagreed with several of Obama's policies. Hedid not agree with cuts Obama wanted to

make in military budgets. McHugh'sappointment shows that Obamavalues his judgment. The presidentmust believe that McHugh willprovide him with an important point ofview.

• Which sentence from the passage best describes the main idea of the third paragraph? – "McHugh joins Gates as

Republicans in important positions dealing with the nation's military."

– "The president values different opinions in his administration."

– "He kept Robert Gates as Secretary of Defense."

– "He did not agree with cuts Obama wanted to make in military budgets."

• Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants. They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these mechanical helpers and they will be able to respond in kind. Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from experience. They will be smart, strong, and untiring workers whose only goal will be to make our lives easier.

• Which sentence from the paragraph expresses the main idea? – Someday we will all have

robots that will be our personal servants.

– We will be able to talk to these mechanical helpers and they will be able to respond in kind.

– They will look and behave much like real humans.

– Amazingly, the robots of the future will be able to learn from experience.

• Floods can cause tremendous damage. They can ruin houses, roads and buildings. Floods can take down trees and cause mudslides. It often leaves mud, sand and debris behind. It can take months to clean up after a flood

– Floods can cause a lot of damage.

– Floods cause mudslides. – Floods damage houses

and roads. – Flood damage may take

months to clean up

The city of Irving, Texas, has long been known as a middle-class white suburb of Dallas. One oftheworld's largest companies, ExxonMobil, has its corporate headquarters there. For more than37 years it was home to the Dallas Cowboys professional football team. Football is a realpassion for many Texans. Driving into Irving from the east, you're greeted by the town's mostfamous building: the white-domed Texas Stadium with the big hole in its roof. Until 2009, it waswhere the Cowboys played their home games. The Cowboys have now moved to a neighboringcity, where a larger stadium was built. The Cowboys won five Super Bowl titles while based inIrving. However, Irving is changing fast. The Cowboys have moved out, and Texas Stadium willbe torn down. The ethnic makeup of the city is also changing. According to the most recentcensus data, Latinos made up 41 percent of Irving's population in 2007. The low home priceshave attracted many people. Irving also has many city parks. In 1980, Irving was 93 percentAnglo. Many expect Irving's Latino population to increase to more than 50 percent. You don'tneed census data to see the change. Many restaurant signs and billboards are in Spanish.Bookstores have large sections devoted to books in Spanish. At a coffee shop, many of thecustomers order in Spanish. Many customers will order café con leche, or coffee with milk, afavorite drink in Mexico. Latin America has definitely made its way to suburban Texas.

• Which of these sentences most strongly supports the main idea of this passage? – "Many expect Irving's Latino population to increase

to more than 50 percent." – "Irving also has many city parks." – "Many customers will order café con leche, or coffee

with milk, a favorite drink in Mexico." – "Driving into Irving from the east, you're greeted by

the town's most famous building: the white-domed Texas Stadium with the big hole in its roof."

• Jon held the ball in his hands. He bounced it slowly on the ground. Once. Twice. He crouched low and then jumped. The ball flew into the air. Up, up, up it went. Then down, down, down into the basket. "Yes!" he yelled. "Nothing but the net!"

• Based on the passage, what did the author want you to learn from this passage? – Jon can jump high. – Jon likes basketball. – Jon makes a basket. – How to throw a

basketball.

• You can learn much about people by simply watching or talking to them. Looking at the floor can also give you information about people. You can tell where people walk most frequently because of the worn carpet. The next time you're riding in someone's car, notice the music on the radio. The kind of music played on the radio station can tell much about that person.

• Choose an appropriate topic sentence for this paragraph: – There are many ways

to learn where people walk.

– There are many ways to learn about people.

– There are many ways to listen to the radio.

– There are many ways to watch people.

• During the Revolutionary War, a Yankee invented a submarine called the Turtle. A number of years later, Robert Fulton became interested in undersea craft. In 1800, he built the Nautilus. Then, during the American Civil War, another underwater craft was built.

• Choose an appropriate topic sentence for this paragraph: – For many years man tried to

find ways to travel underwater.

– For many years Robert Fulton was interested in undersea craft.

– Underwater crafts were very important during American Civil War.

– For many years man tried many ways to win the Revolutionary War.

Fact or Opinion?

• P.E. class is better then Recess. • Math is hard. • Summer is a season. • Orange soda tastes better that Sprite. • October is the tenth month of the year. • Charts and graphs are the easiest way to read

a lot of data.

• Justin grabbed the leash and quickly put it around Tooli's neck. He stormed out the door with Tooli coming right behind. He said, "Hurry up, Tooli. You're always so slow." Justin kept his head down and walked quickly down the road, not speaking to anyone that he saw.

• What was true about Justin? – He was very worried

that someone might see him.

– He was angry that he had to walk the dog.

– He was feeling sick and wanted to lie down.

– He was very excited and wanted to hurry.

Inferencing

• Doctors recommend that everyone exercise every day, particularly those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing.

We can infer that when people are doing sedentary activities, they must be . – learning – relaxing – talking – sitting

• What inference can be made about the sentence below?

When Randy's hamster died, he had trouble eating and sleeping. He wanted his hamster again. – Randy was very happy. – Randy was too full to

eat. – Randy was very upset

because his hamster died.

– Randy was not sleepy.