2Intravascular Contrast Media

for Radiography, CT,MRI and Ultrasound

DR. Muhammad Bin Zulfiqar PGR-FCPS III SIMS/SHL

GRAINGER & ALLISON’S DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY

• FIGURE 2-1 Osmolality (mosmol/kg) of the ■various iodinebased contrast agents at a concentration around 300 mgI/mL.

• FIGURE 2-2 Viscosity (mPa.s) of the ■various iodine-based contrast agents at a concentration around 300 mgI/mL and at 37°C.

• FIGURE 2-3 Ionic high-osmolar iodine-■based contrast media, also called HOCM or ratio 1.5 agents.

• FIGURE 2-4 Ionic low-osmolar iodine-■based contrast medium.

• FIGURE 2-5 Non-ionic low-osmolar ■contrast media, also called LOCM or ratio 3.0 agents.

• FIGURE 2-5 Non-ionic low-osmolar ■contrast media, also called LOCM or ratio 3.0 agents.

• FIGURE 2-5 Non-ionic low-osmolar ■contrast media, also called LOCM or ratio 3.0 agents.

• FIGURE 2-6 Non-ionic iso-osmolar contrast ■agents, also called IOCM or ratio 6.0 agents.

• FIGURE 2-7 Normal CT urography. ■ (A) Unenhanced image of the posterior part of the abdomen. (B) 10 and 2 minutes after contrast medium administration. Some areas of the soft tissue have changed colour due to the iodine-based contrast media. The contrast media is filtered in the kidney, causing significant opacification of the urinary tract due to the higher concentration in urine than in blood.

• FIGURE 2-8 T1-weighted images of the ■brain showing a lymphoma with and without gadolinium-based contrast medium.

• FIGURE 2-9 Chemistry of the various ■commercially available gadolinium-based contrast media.

• FIGURE 2-9 Chemistry of the various ■commercially available gadolinium-based contrast media.

• FIGURE 2-10 Osmolality of the various ■gadolinium-based contrast media at the concentrations (mmol/mL) at which they are marketed.

• FIGURE 2-11 Relaxivity (■ r1, mM−1 s−1) of the various gadoliniumbased contrast media in plasma in 1.5 T and 3 T (37°C).

• FIGURE 2-12 (A, B) MRI of the upper ■abdomen before and after administration of manganese. Only the signal from the liver is increased.

• FIGURE 2-13 Ultrasound image of a kidney ■with contrast medium showing absence of perfusion in the upper pole.