2 grammar tenses

8/4/2019 2 Grammar Tenses

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TENSES (TIMES)If you can understand and use the concept of tenses,

(time division), you will be able to speak any language

with precision as well as you own.

The following workshop will give you a structuraloutline to utilize for many years to come.


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TENSES AND STRUCTURESTENSES(Times) STRUCTURES

y PRESENTy PAST

y FUTURE

y CONDITIONAL

y SIMPLEy PROGRESSIVE

y PERFECT

y PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

yEMPHATIC

y IMMEDIATE (future)

y IMPERFECT (past)


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First,

letstalk about Tenses.


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PRESENT TENSES

y Simple Present

y This can be all the time, regularly, frequently.y Auxiliaries do and does

y Present Progressive (Continuous)

y This is what is happening right now, one time only.

y to be + verb + ing


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VERB CONJUGATION TABLESAffirmative Statement

I am

You are

He is

She isIt is

We are

You are

They are

Negative Statement

I am not (Im not)

You are not (arent)

He is not (isnt)

She is not (isnt)It is not (isnt)

We are not (arent)

You are not (arent)

They are not (arent)

Affirmative Question?

Am I? Are you?

Is he?

Is she?

Is it?

Are we?

Are you?

Are they?

Negative Question?

Arent I?* Arent you?

Isnt he?

Isnt she?

Isnt it?

Arent we?

Arent you?

Arent they?


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PAST TENSESy There are several past tenses.

y It can depend on when and how the action took place.

y How long a period of time: definite or indefinite.y It can happen once and be done.

y It can be a continual past action.

yWe dont know when it began or ended.


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FUTURE TENSES

yWhen we discuss something having to do with the

future in English, we always use the future tense.y Anything we are going to do in the future moment.

y Sometimes when we ask questions.

y Spanish does not always use the future tense.

yWe refer to the future with will or to be going to.


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CONDITIONAL TENSESy Some grammarians consider the conditional as a part

of the future tenses.

y This is a possibility: maybe, perhaps.yWe are not always sure if we will do it, or not.

y Many times accompanied by an if clause.

y The if clause can indicate the subjunctive mood.

y The conditional is a part of the future, but a moredistant and uncertain part . We are not sure.

y The 3 Conditionals.


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Letstalk aboutstructures.

y There are three (3) main structures:

ySimple

yProgressive

yPerfect


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SimpleySimple means just that: SIMPLE.

yThe verb remains SIMPLE.

yThe questions and negations are made

ywith an auxiliary.

y

The tenses do not matter.


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Simple tense examples:y Affirmative Negative

y You go. You dont go.

yYou went. You didnt go.

y You will go. You wont go.

y You would go. You wouldnt go.

y Question Negative Questiony Do you go? Dont you go?

y Did you go? Didnt you go?

y Will you go? Wont you go?

y Would you go? Wouldnt you go?


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Progressive Tenses

yTo be + verb + ing

yThe tense is not important

y

The structure stays the same.


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Progressive tense examples:y Affirmative Negative

y You are going. You arent going.

y You were going. You werent going.

y You will be going. You wont be going.y You would be going. You wouldnt be going.

y Question Negative Question

y Are you going? Arent you going?

y Were you going? Werent you going?y Will you be going? Wont you be going?

y Would you be going? Wouldnt you be going?


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Perfect Tenses

yTo have + past participle

yThe tense is not important

y

The structure remains the same.


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Perfecttense examples:y Affirmative Negative

y You have gone. You havent gone.

y You had gone. You hadnt gone.

y You will have gone. You wont have gone.y You would have gone. You wouldnt have gone.

y Question Negative Question

y

Have you gone? Havent you gone?y Had you gone? Hadnt you gone?

y Will you have gone? Wont you have gone?

y Would you have gone? Wouldnt you have gone?


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The 3 main structures:

ySimple

yProgressive

yPerfect


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LETS PUT IT ALL TOGETHER


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PRESENT TENSESySimple present

y

Present progressiveyPresent perfect

yPresent perfect progressive

yEmphatic present


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PAST TENSESySimple past

y

Past progressiveyPast perfect

yPast perfect progressive

yImperfect past

yEmphatic past


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FUTURE TENSESySimple future

y

Future progressiveyFuture perfect

yFuture perfect progressive

yImmediate future


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CONDITIONAL TENSESySimple conditional

y

Conditional progressiveyConditional perfect

yConditional perfect progressive


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SUMMARYy Simple Present Simple Past

y Present Progressive Past Progressive

y Present Perfect Past Perfect

y Present Perfect Progressive Past Perfect Progressivey Emphatic Present Emphatic Past

Imperfect Past

y Simple Future Simple Conditional

yFuture Progressive Conditional Progressive

y Future Perfect Conditional Perfect

y Future Perfect Progressive Conditional Perfect Progressive

y Immediate Future


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TIME LINE

y |_____________________|______________________|


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REMEMBER:

yTENSES

and

ySTRUCTURES


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ReferencesyWarriners English Grammar and Composition

y 501 English Verbs, by Thomas Beyer

y Ramseys Spanish Grammar

2 grammar tenses

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