2. childrens rights

7/31/2019 2. Childrens Rights

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International conventions define a child as age18 and under.

Individual governments may define child according to

their own criteria. e.g. In India, a child is defined as

under 14 years.


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Labour refers to productive work (especially physicalwork) done for wages.


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Labor that is performed by a child (i.e. under theminimum age specified for that kind of work) and it

results in harm or exploitation ( i.e. physically,

mentally, morally or by blocking access to education).

An estimated 158 million children aged 5-14 are

engaged in child labour - one in six children in the

world.


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A girl works at a charcoal production yard near thesouth-western city of San Pdro. Workers are exposed

to dangerous smoke and charcoal fumes throughout

the day.


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60%

32%

7% 1%Child Labour Distribution

Asia

Africa

Latin America

USA, Canada,

Europe


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Most common in south Asia.

Children are sold to an employer for the time it takes

to pay off their family debt.

This can last a lifetime due to excessively high interest

charges.

Approximately

15 million children

work as bondedlabourers in India.


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Watch:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5

pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL

Child soldiers are recruited in

more than forty different

countries on nearly everycontinent.

300,000 children under the age

of eighteen are currently

participating in armed conflicts,120,000 of whom are in Africa.

While most child soldiers are in

their teens, some are as young

as seven years old.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=ULhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=ULhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=ULhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OCxk_8HV5pg&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL


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Country

Burma

Sri Lanka

Iraq

Afghanistan

Colombia

DRC

Who is Recruiting

Burmas National Army

Rebel Forces

Insurgent groups

Taliban Militias

Guerrilla Forces

Government and Rebel

Forces

Est. Numbers

70,000

6,000

Unknown

Unknown

14,000

30,000


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Some children volunteer or are volunteered by theirparents,


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Increase the number of fighters.

Cheap they are usually not

paid.

Considered more expendable

than adults.

Less likely to question or refuse

a command.

Smaller easier to hide in tightspaces.

Small arms are cheaper & can

easily be used by children.


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Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rightsof the Child (adopted in 2002)

All feasible measures should be taken to ensure:

members of armedforces under 18 years

do not participate in

hostilities

anyone under 18 years

may not be recruited

into the armed forces

anyone under 18 years

may not volunteer into the armed forces.


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So far, 111 governments have signed the OptionalProtocol restricting the use of child soldiers.

More than 45 nations have made a binding legal

commitment to enforce the new treaty.


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Child trafficking is the recruitment, transfer andharbouring of children for the purpose of exploitation.


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1.2 million children and babies are traffickedworldwide annually

for a profit of US$ 5 billion every year.


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2 million children are

exploited in the

transnational sex

trade.


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4 children are sold into trafficking every minute.


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People who have money:

Doctors

Lawyers

Accountants Gamblers

Politicians

High ranking people

in our government

people you never

expected.

Tran, Jonathan. Sold Into Slavery. Christian Century124.24

(2007): 22. eLibrary. Web. 2 Dec. 2009.


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Political instability

Militarism

Civil unrest

Natural disasters inhomeland

Promises of economic

opportunities or a

better life.


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Sex trafficking

Domestic servants

Factory and farm slavery Street trading

Drug peddling

Child soldiers


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Loss of support from

family and community

Loss of proper education.

Obstacles in physical

development.

Psychological trauma.

Miller, John R. Slave Trade. Harvard International

Review27 (Jan. 2006): 70. eLibrary. Web. 3 Apr. 2010.


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The Declaration of Human Rights recognises the

dignity and worth of all people.


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It states that everyone

has the right to life andto live in freedom and

safety.


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No one has the right to treat you

as a slave nor should you make

anyone your slave.


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2. childrens rights

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