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Bamboo Charcoal Production

Technology

Zhejiang Forestry University

Prof. Zhang Wenbiao

JULY. 2008

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1 How bamboo charcoal come into being

Raw bamboo

Without air or with little air

Dry, pre-carbonize, carbonize, calcine and

cool in kiln

Duration is around 20 days

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1Raw material selection

Density: Closely related to bamboo species, age, site

and culm section. 4-year-old bamboo which is growing

in ordinary site is recommended.

Moisture content: Closely related to bamboo age, culmsection or harvest season. 6-year-old bamboo is the

best concerning MC.

Site: depending on the heavy metal in the soil which is

related to fertilizer management.

In all, we should select 4-year-old bamboo growing in

ordinary site with low MC.

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Material

preparation

Cutting into

sections or

strips

Naturally or

manually

dry

Put into

kiln

Seal kiln

and heat

After 4

procedures

Collect

vinegar

Cooling Take out ofthe kiln

Processed

into certainspecification

2Technique procedure

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Name Temperature Main characteristics Outputs

Drying Roomtemperature

~150

Decalescence reaction,

moisture evaporation,

basically no changes in

chemical components

Water

Pre-

carbonization

150~275 Decalescence reaction,instable contents

decomposes, chemicalcomponents begin to

change

CO2COacetic acid,

etc.

Carbonization 275~450 exothermic reaction, thechemical components

decompose dramatically, the

charcoal begins to takeplace

Large amount

of liquids and

gases

Calcine 450~500 Decalescence reaction ,fixed carbon content

increases

Liquids and

gases reduce

Cooling High~60 exothermic reaction , theinner structure of charcoal Producing ofliquids and

Five periods

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Raw materialCutting into sections

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Processed into strips

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Brick kiln (vertical and horizontal

Improved brick kiln (temperature monitoring

system )

Distillation pyrogenic decomposition facilities

(vertical and horizontal)

Successional vertical kiln

11Pyrolysis facilitiesPyrolysis facilities

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Brick kiln

Single brick kiln

Group brick kiln

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Carbonizing

Cooling

Calcining

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Japanese kiln

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Japanese kiln

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Horizontal kiln

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Vertical distillation

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Metal

cylinders

Horizontal

distillation

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Running bed kiln

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1,2Heating room 3,4-Pre-heating room 5,6-

Carbonizer7Cooling system 8-Water poolSuccessional modern kiln machinery and facilities

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Hanging cooling facility

Cooling facility

Vinegar collection

facility

Carbonization

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Hanging

Putting

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Machine-made charcoal include wood

charcoal, bamboo charcoal, wood and bamboo

mixed charcoal and other plant charcoal, ornamely stick charcoal and barbeque charcoal.

By using the waste of wood and bamboo as

the raw material, machine-made charcoal is

processed by the procedure of crushing,

drying, shaping and carbonizing etc.

2. Machine-made Charcoal

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Crushing Drying ShapingCarboni

zing

SelectionExamini

ngPackingStoring

Raw

material

Production procedure

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Bamboo powder drying

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Powder crushing facility

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Semi-product of machine-made charcoal

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Carbonization facility